Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Hans Baldau, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Kuri-Yawi epithermal gold target. In late 2024, Aurania commenced an induced polarization (IP) geophysical survey over its Kuri-Yawi epithermal gold target at the company’s Lost Cities-Cutucu project in Ecuador. Kuri-Yawi is a geochemical anomaly with enrichments in epithermal pathfinder elements. The IP survey was designed to identify deep conductors that could correspond to gold mineralization and to target drill holes for a future drilling program.
Survey results. Data collected from the survey was used to generate a three-dimensional model of the ground’s resistivity and chargeability. Conductive and chargeability anomalies are geophysical signatures that can indicate the presence of gold mineralization. The survey returned two main chargeability vertical structures. Resistivity results highlighted different bodies of rock, or lithologic units, with a conductive sedimentary unit to the east and a resistive volcanic unit overlaying another conductive unit at depth.
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*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
Toronto, Ontario–(Newsfile Corp. – February 20, 2025) – Aurania Resources Ltd. (TSXV: ARU) (OTCQB: AUIAF) (FSE: 20Q) (“Aurania” or the “Company”) reports that the induced polarization (IP) geophysical survey has provided invaluable information that will assist in defining the location of future drill holes at the Kuri-Yawi gold target in Ecuador. Kuri-Yawi is a geochemical anomaly with enrichments in epithermal pathfinder elements. In addition, large pieces of siliceous sinter in float were recovered from the grid signifying the presence of an extinct geothermal system. The Fruta del Norte gold deposit some 100 km to the south lies beneath a siliceous sinter unit.
The IP survey detected conductive and chargeability anomalies at the Kuri-Yawi epithermal gold target. Chargeability (or induced polarization) is a measure of the ability of the rock to temporarily retain an induced electrical charge, usually due to disseminated sulphides
Our geologists are now working to interpret the IP survey results in relation to and compared to existing field data and data from the previous Mobile MagnetoTellurics (MobileMT) airborne survey to define optimal drill hole positions. A start date for a proposed drill program at Kuri-Yawi has not yet been determined.
The IP survey at Kuri-Yawi was conducted by GexplOre in late 2024 using the Fullwaver system (from Iris Instruments). The Fullwaver is a distributed acquisition system with each system being fully independent of the other. This drastically reduces the need for cables making it optimal for challenging terrain.
Two different methods were deployed during the geophysical survey:
Pseudo-3D profiling using 2D DC electrical methods in Pole-dipole configuration with simultaneous measurement of apparent resistivity (ρa) and induced polarization (IP) along eleven profiles, each of 2700 m length; and
3D DC electrical methods over a selected area with simultaneous measurement of apparent resistivity (ρa) and induced polarization (IP) along two grids (0.6 km²).
The collected data was processed and inverted to generate a 3D model of the ground’s resistivity and chargeability.
Resistivity and Conductivity
The resistivity results highlight the different lithologic units with a conductive sedimentary unit to the east and a resistive volcanic unit overlying another conductive unit at depth that could correspond to an alternation of black shale, limestone and volcanic tuff. These facies are known further to the north and are suspected to be a good trap for gold mineralisation. The conductive unit at surface may correspond to the tropically weathered clay level.
In the southeastern area, conductive vertical structures are locally present and remain relatively consistently sub-perpendicular along the lines, forming a large vertical conductive corridor. The direction of this corridor is similar to the direction of the chalcedony veins with high grade thallium that was discovered while walking the cut lines on the survey grid.
Fig 1: Resistivity and conductivity image of the Kuri-Yawi target to the south (red is conductive and blue is resistive).
The survey returned two main chargeability vertical structures:
One to the Northwest of the grid extending to a deeper more chargeable model (Fig 2).
The others to the south of the grid are associated with the corridor of vertical conductive anomalies (see above). They extend to the depth of the inverted model as one (western area) or two vertical structures (eastern area), forming a single large vertical structure. In the eastern area, the unit is separated into two main vertical structures of high chargeability (Fig 3). In contrast to western anomalies (Fig 2), the maximum chargeability of these structures is observed along the edges of the vertical conductive corridor.
Fig 2: Chargeability in the west area of the grid at Kuri-Yawi (red is high chargeability and blue is low chargeability).
Aurania will be attending the Prospector’s and Developers International Convention (PDAC) being held March 2nd – 5th, 2025 at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre (MTCC) in Toronto, Canada. Visit us at booth 2948 in the Investors Exchange located in the MTCC South Building, Level 800. For more information about PDAC and registration, please visit the PDAC website.
Aurania is hosting a meet-and-greet for its shareholders on Sunday, March 2nd from 5:00pm-8:00pm in Salon 1, 19th Floor, at The Fairmont Royal York Hotel, 100 Front Street West, Toronto, Ontario.
Due to capacity limitations, we kindly ask that youconfirm your attendance no later than 10am ET on February 24th by RSVP to Carolyn: Carolyn.muir@aurania.com
Qualified Persons:
The geological information contained in this news release has been verified and approved by Aurania’s VP Exploration, Mr. Jean-Paul Pallier, MSc. Mr. Pallier is a designated EurGeol by the European Federation of Geologists and a Qualified Person as defined by National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects of the Canadian Securities Administrators.
About Aurania
Aurania is a mineral exploration company engaged in the identification, evaluation, acquisition and exploration of mineral property interests, with a focus on precious metals and copper in South America. Its flagship asset, The Lost Cities – Cutucu Project, is located in the Jurassic Metallogenic Belt in the eastern foothills of the Andes mountain range of southeastern Ecuador.
Neither the TSX-V nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX-V) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward-Looking Statements
This news release contains forward-looking information as such term is defined in applicable securities laws, which relate to future events or future performance and reflect management’s current expectations and assumptions. The forward-looking information includes Aurania’s objectives, goals or future plans, statements, exploration results, potential mineralization, the corporation’s portfolio, treasury, management team and enhanced capital markets profile, the estimation of mineral resources, exploration, timing of the commencement of operations, the Company’s teams being on track ahead of any drill program, the commencement of any drill program and estimates of market conditions. Such forward-looking statements reflect management’s current beliefs and are based on assumptions made by and information currently available to Aurania, including the assumption that, there will be no material adverse change in metal prices, all necessary consents, licenses, permits and approvals will be obtained, including various local government licenses and the market. Investors are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause future results to differ materially from those expected. Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking information include, among other things: commodity prices, supply chain disruptions, restrictions on labour and workplace attendance and local and international travel; a failure to obtain or delays in obtaining the required regulatory licenses, permits, approvals and consents; an inability to access financing as needed; a general economic downturn, a volatile stock price, labour strikes, political unrest, changes in the mining regulatory regime governing Aurania; a failure to comply with environmental regulations; a weakening of market and industry reliance on precious metals and base metals; and those risks set out in the Company’s public documents filed on SEDAR+. Aurania cautions the reader that the above list of risk factors is not exhaustive. Although the Company believes that the assumptions and factors used in preparing the forward-looking information in this news release are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on such information, which only applies as of the date of this news release, and no assurance can be given that such events will occur in the disclosed time frames or at all. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, other than as required by law.
Expands Exclusive License Rights to Asia and Africa
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA – FEBRUARY 20, 2025 – Comstock Inc. (NYSE American: LODE) today announced that its subsidiary, Comstock Fuels Corporation (“Comstock Fuels”), executed an amendment to its exclusive license agreement with RenFuel K2B AB (“RenFuel”) for use of RenFuel’s patented catalytic esterification process to refine Comstock Fuels’ proprietary BioleumTM biointermediates.
The amendment expanded the territory from North America, Central America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and Vietnam to include all of Asia and Africa to facilitate ongoing project development by licensees of Comstock Fuels’ broader lignocellulosic biomass refining process.
Johan Löchen, RenFuel’s chief executive officer, stated, “Comstock and its licensees are making great and rapid progress developing sites for construction of demonstration and commercial scale facilities based on Comstock’s Bioleum refining process, including RenFuel’s patent catalytic esterification process. Our partnership with Comstock has been productive in many ways and we are pleased with the rapid progress and the mutual benefits of expanding the scope of our collaboration and our license.”
David Winsness, Comstock Fuels’ president, added, “Our patented and patent-pending technologies integrate proven systems from multiple industries in new ways to create a new class of petroleum refinery – a Bioleum Refinery, to refine abundant woody biomass into renewable fuels at market-leading yields and profitability. The RenFuel process is a key enabling step in that integration and we continue to be excited to work with the RenFuel team on our combined commercialization efforts.”
About RenFuel K2B AB
RenFuel innovates technologies that contribute to decarbonization and circularity by effectively turning under-utilized biomass waste and residues into renewable fuels and materials. To learn more, please visit www.renfuel.se.
About Comstock Fuels Corporation
Comstock Fuels Corporation (“Comstock Fuels”) delivers advanced lignocellulosic biomass refining solutions that set industry benchmarks for production of cellulosic ethanol, gasoline, renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”), and other renewable Bioleum™ fuels, with extremely low carbon intensity scores of 15 and market-leading yields of up to 140 gallons per dry metric ton of feedstock (on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis, or “GGE”), depending on feedstock, site conditions, and other process parameters. Comstock Fuels additionally holds the exclusive rights to intellectual properties developed by Hexas Biomass Inc. (“Hexas”) for production of purpose grown energy crops in liquid fuels applications with proven yields exceeding 25 to 30 dry metric tons per acre per year. The combination of Comstock Fuels’ high yield Bioleum refining platform and Hexas’ high yield energy crops allows for the production of enough feedstock to produce upwards of 100 barrels of fuel per acre per year, effectively transforming marginal agricultural lands with regenerative practices into perpetual “drop-in sedimentary oilfields” with the potential to dramatically boost regional energy security and rural economies.
Comstock Fuels plans to contribute to domestic energy dominance by directly building, owning, and operating a network of Bioleum Refineries in the U.S. to produce about 200 million barrels of renewable fuel per year by 2035, starting with its planned first 400,000 barrel per year commercial demonstration facility in Oklahoma. Comstock Fuels also licenses its advanced feedstock and refining solutions to third parties for additional production in the U.S. and global markets, including several recently announced and other pending projects. To learn more, please visit www.comstockfuels.com.
About Comstock Inc.
Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) innovates and commercializes technologies that are deployable across entire industries to contribute to energy abundance by efficiently extracting and converting under-utilized natural resources, such as waste and other forms of woody biomass into renewable fuels, and end-of-life electronics into recovered electrification metals. Comstock’s innovations group is also developing and using artificial intelligence technologies for advanced materials development and mineral discovery for sustainable mining. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Comstock Social Media Policy
Comstock has used, and intends to continue using, its investor relations link and main website at www.comstock.inc in addition to its Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube accounts, as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.
Contacts
For investor inquiries: RB Milestone Group LLC Tel (203) 487-2759 ir@comstockinc.com
This press release and any related calls or discussions may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “potential” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of doing so. Forward-looking statements include statements about matters such as: future market conditions; future explorations or acquisitions; future changes in our research, development and exploration activities; future financial, natural, and social gains; future prices and sales of, and demand for, our products and services; land entitlements and uses; permits; production capacity and operations; operating and overhead costs; future capital expenditures and their impact on us; operational and management changes (including changes in the Board of Directors); changes in business strategies, planning and tactics; future employment and contributions of personnel, including consultants; future land and asset sales; investments, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, operational, tax, financial and restructuring initiatives, including the nature, timing and accounting for restructuring charges, derivative assets and liabilities and the impact thereof; contingencies; litigation, administrative or arbitration proceedings; environmental compliance and changes in the regulatory environment; offerings, limitations on sales or offering of equity or debt securities, including asset sales and associated costs; business opportunities, growth rates, future working capital, needs, revenues, variable costs, throughput rates, operating expenses, debt levels, cash flows, margins, taxes and earnings. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical and current trends, current conditions, possible future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, representations or warranties and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are unforeseeable and beyond our control and could cause actual results, developments, and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the risk factors set forth in our filings with the SEC and the following: adverse effects of climate changes or natural disasters; adverse effects of global or regional pandemic disease spread or other crises; global economic and capital market uncertainties; the speculative nature of gold or mineral exploration, and lithium, nickel and cobalt recycling, including risks of diminishing quantities or grades of qualified resources; operational or technical difficulties in connection with exploration, metal recycling, processing or mining activities; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with precious and other metal based activities, including environmentally friendly and economically enhancing clean mining and processing technologies, precious metal exploration, resource development, economic feasibility assessment and cash generating mineral production; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with metal recycling, processing or mining activities; contests over our title to properties; potential dilution to our stockholders from our stock issuances, recapitalization and balance sheet restructuring activities; potential inability to comply with applicable government regulations or law; adoption of or changes in legislation or regulations adversely affecting our businesses; permitting constraints or delays; challenges to, or potential inability to, achieve the benefits of business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us, including those involving battery technology and efficacy, quantum computing and generative artificial intelligence supported advanced materials development, development of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and related material production; commercialization of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and generative artificial intelligence development services; ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, asset sales, and investments that we may be party to in the future; changes in the United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations; interruptions in our production capabilities due to capital constraints; equipment failures; fluctuation of prices for gold or certain other commodities (such as silver, zinc, lithium, nickel, cobalt, cyanide, water, diesel, gasoline and alternative fuels and electricity); changes in generally accepted accounting principles; adverse effects of war, mass shooting, terrorism and geopolitical events; potential inability to implement our business strategies; potential inability to grow revenues; potential inability to attract and retain key personnel; interruptions in delivery of critical supplies, equipment and raw materials due to credit or other limitations imposed by vendors; assertion of claims, lawsuits and proceedings against us; potential inability to satisfy debt and lease obligations; potential inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; potential inability or failure to timely file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; potential inability to list our securities on any securities exchange or market or maintain the listing of our securities; and work stoppages or other labor difficulties. Occurrence of such events or circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or the market price of our securities. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as may be required by securities or other law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Neither this press release nor any related calls or discussions constitutes an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to buy or a recommendation with respect to any securities of the Company, the fund, or any other issuer.
VIRGINIA CITY, Nevada, February 14, 2025 — Comstock Inc. (“Comstock”) (NYSE American: LODE), a leading innovator of renewable energy-enabling technologies that contribute to energy abundance by efficiently extracting and converting under-utilized natural resources today announced a reverse split of its common stock, $0.000666 par value (“Common Stock”), at a ratio of 1-for-10 (the “Reverse Split”), effective February 24, 2025, and that the Common Stock will begin trading on a split-adjusted basis when the market opens on February 25, 2025, resulting in approximately 23,767,578 shares outstanding.
Under Nevada law, because the Reverse Split was approved by the shareholders of the Company on February 14, 2025, and in accordance with NRS Section 78.2055, the Company may effect the Reverse Split without correspondingly decreasing the number of authorized shares. As described herein, the Company has complied with these requirements. Comstock’s authorized number of shares of Common Stock remains unchanged at 245,000,000. The Common Stock will continue to trade on the NYSE American under the trading symbol “LODE” but will trade under the new CUSIP number 205750409.
“The growth opportunities for both Fuels and Metals have developed well beyond our original expectations, and we have attracted some of the most sophisticated partners, for feedstocks, technologies, operations, governments, and refining and offtake, with many now evaluating direct investments, and in multiple cases exploring deeper and more meaningful integrations with our system” stated Corrado De Gasperis, Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. “With this extraordinarily strong supporting vote, our existing shareholders have overwhelmingly supported our plans for effectively and responsibly capitalizing on our immediate opportunities and sharing in the potential for creating two unprecedented companies that turn the image of an oil well that never stops producing and a silver mine that never stops producing, into our new reality. It is just getting started.”
The reverse stock split will affect all stockholders uniformly and will not alter any stockholder’s percentage interest in the Company’s equity, except to the extent that the reverse stock split would result in a stockholder owning a fractional share. The reverse stock split will reduce the number of issued shares of the Company’s common stock from approximately 237,675,779 shares to approximately 23,767,578 shares. Proportional adjustments will be made to the number of shares of the Comstock’s common stock issuable under its equity compensation plans and upon exercise or conversion of outstanding warrants, as well as the applicable exercise prices. Stockholders whose shares are held in brokerage accounts should direct any questions concerning the reverse stock split to their broker.
The Company’s transfer agent, EQ Equiniti, will provide instructions to stockholders regarding the process for exchanging certificated shares. No fractional shares will be issued as a result of the Reverse Split as any fractional shares resulting from the Reverse Split will be rounded up to the nearest whole share. All stockholders of record may direct questions to the Company’s transfer agent, EQ Equiniti toll-free at 1-866-877-6270.
The Company will file the final tabulation of the special meeting proposal on Form 8-K on February 18, 2025.
About Comstock Inc.
Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) innovates and commercializes technologies that are deployable across entire industries to contribute to energy abundance by efficiently extracting and converting under-utilized natural resources, such as waste and other forms of woody biomass into renewable fuels, and end-of-life electronics into recovered electrification metals. Comstock’s innovations group is also developing and using artificial intelligence technologies for advanced materials development and mineral discovery for sustainable mining. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Comstock Social Media Policy
Comstock Inc. has used, and intends to continue using, its investor relations link and main website at www.comstock.inc in addition to its Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube accounts, as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.
Contacts
For investor inquiries: RB Milestone Group LLC Tel (203) 487-2759 ir@comstockinc.com
For media inquiries or questions: Tracy Saville Comstock Inc. (775) 847-7573 media@comstockinc.com
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release and any related calls or discussions may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “potential” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of doing so. Forward-looking statements include statements about matters such as: future market conditions; future explorations or acquisitions; future changes in our research, development and exploration activities; future financial, natural, and social gains; future prices and sales of, and demand for, our products and services; land entitlements and uses; permits; production capacity and operations; operating and overhead costs; future capital expenditures and their impact on us; operational and management changes (including changes in the Board of Directors); changes in business strategies, planning and tactics; future employment and contributions of personnel, including consultants; future land and asset sales; investments, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, operational, tax, financial and restructuring initiatives, including the nature, timing and accounting for restructuring charges, derivative assets and liabilities and the impact thereof; contingencies; litigation, administrative or arbitration proceedings; environmental compliance and changes in the regulatory environment; offerings, limitations on sales or offering of equity or debt securities, including asset sales and associated costs; business opportunities, growth rates, future working capital, needs, revenues, variable costs, throughput rates, operating expenses, debt levels, cash flows, margins, taxes and earnings. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical and current trends, current conditions, possible future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, representations or warranties and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are unforeseeable and beyond our control and could cause actual results, developments, and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the risk factors set forth in our filings with the SEC and the following: adverse effects of climate changes or natural disasters; adverse effects of global or regional pandemic disease spread or other crises; global economic and capital market uncertainties; the speculative nature of gold or mineral exploration, and lithium, nickel and cobalt recycling, including risks of diminishing quantities or grades of qualified resources; operational or technical difficulties in connection with exploration, metal recycling, processing or mining activities; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with precious and other metal based activities, including environmentally friendly and economically enhancing clean mining and processing technologies, precious metal exploration, resource development, economic feasibility assessment and cash generating mineral production; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with metal recycling, processing or mining activities; contests over our title to properties; potential dilution to our stockholders from our stock issuances, recapitalization and balance sheet restructuring activities; potential inability to comply with applicable government regulations or law; adoption of or changes in legislation or regulations adversely affecting our businesses; permitting constraints or delays; challenges to, or potential inability to, achieve the benefits of business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us, including those involving battery technology and efficacy, quantum computing and generative artificial intelligence supported advanced materials development, development of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and related material production; commercialization of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and generative artificial intelligence development services; ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, asset sales, and investments that we may be party to in the future; changes in the United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations; interruptions in our production capabilities due to capital constraints; equipment failures; fluctuation of prices for gold or certain other commodities (such as silver, zinc, lithium, nickel, cobalt, cyanide, water, diesel, gasoline and alternative fuels and electricity); changes in generally accepted accounting principles; adverse effects of war, mass shooting, terrorism and geopolitical events; potential inability to implement our business strategies; potential inability to grow revenues; potential inability to attract and retain key personnel; interruptions in delivery of critical supplies, equipment and raw materials due to credit or other limitations imposed by vendors; assertion of claims, lawsuits and proceedings against us; potential inability to satisfy debt and lease obligations; potential inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; potential inability or failure to timely file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; potential inability to list our securities on any securities exchange or market or maintain the listing of our securities; and work stoppages or other labor difficulties. Occurrence of such events or circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or the market price of our securities. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as may be required by securities or other law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Neither this press release nor any related calls or discussions constitutes an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to buy or a recommendation with respect to any securities of the Company, the fund, or any other issuer.
Comstock (NYSE: LODE) innovates technologies that contribute to global decarbonization and circularity by efficiently converting under-utilized natural resources into renewable fuels and electrification products that contribute to balancing global uses and emissions of carbon. The Company intends to achieve exponential growth and extraordinary financial, natural, and social gains by building, owning, and operating a fleet of advanced carbon neutral extraction and refining facilities, by selling an array of complimentary process solutions and related services, and by licensing selected technologies to qualified strategic partners. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Reverse split. Following shareholder approval on February 14, Comstock Inc. announced a reverse split of its common stock at a ratio of 1-for-10, resulting in ~23,767,578 shares outstanding. The reverse split, effective on February 24, will not alter any stockholder’s percentage interest in the company except to the extent that it results in a shareowner owning a fractional share. Fractional shares resulting from the reverse split will be rounded up to the nearest whole share. Comstock’s authorized number of shares of common stock remains 245,000,000. LODE shares will begin trading on a split-adjusted basis when the market opens on February 25.
Greater financial flexibility. The reverse split will increase the number of shares available for issuance should the company need to raise additional capital. We think the company is making significant progress toward commercializing its Comstock Metals and Comstock Fuels businesses. Key elements are coming together for Comstock Fuels to secure project financing to build its first commercial demonstration facility. Comstock Metals currently operates a commercial demonstration facility in Silver Springs, Nevada, and is working toward an industry-scale expansion that will position the company to serve the rapidly expanding solar industry in the western United States.
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*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
Key Points: – Oil prices retreat as markets weigh impact of potential US retaliatory tariffs – Treasury signals stricter Iran export limits, targeting 100,000 barrels per day – JPMorgan forecasts Brent crude to average $61 in 2026 amid supply surplus
Crude oil markets demonstrated heightened volatility on Friday as traders grappled with conflicting signals from geopolitical tensions and trade policy uncertainties. The commodity market’s response highlights growing concerns about global demand amid an increasingly complex international trade landscape.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude retreated below the critical $71 mark, continuing its downward trajectory for the week, while Brent futures showed resilience but remained vulnerable to mounting trade concerns. The mixed performance comes as markets digest President Trump’s latest trade policy moves and stricter Iran sanctions.
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent’s hawkish statements regarding Iranian oil exports sent initial shockwaves through the market, pushing prices up by 1% in early trading. “We are committed to bringing the Iranians to going back to 100,000 barrels per day of exports, as when Trump left office,” Bessent told Fox Business, signaling a potentially significant supply disruption.
However, the bullish momentum was quickly tempered by escalating trade tensions. President Trump’s signing of a reciprocal tariff plan, although delayed for negotiations, has introduced new uncertainties into the global economic outlook. The move follows recent targeted sanctions against Chinese products, which prompted immediate retaliation from Beijing.
“The demand picture remains in question near term as the retaliation of even higher US tariffs may hamper global demand,” warns Dennis Kissler, senior vice president at BOK Financial. This sentiment echoes throughout the trading community, with many analysts expressing concern about the potential impact on global growth and oil demand.
Adding another layer of complexity to the market outlook, recent developments in the Ukraine-Russia conflict have introduced additional price pressures. JPMorgan’s commodity team, led by Natasha Kaneva, maintains their 2025 Brent forecast at $73 per barrel, citing supply surpluses. Their analysis extends into 2026, projecting prices to decline below $60 by year-end.
Market veterans note that the current price action reflects a delicate balance between supply-side constraints and demand-side uncertainties. “We’re seeing a market that’s increasingly sensitive to macro factors beyond traditional supply-demand dynamics,” explains Maria Rodriguez, chief commodities strategist at Global Market Analytics. “The interplay between trade policy, geopolitical tensions, and energy security concerns is creating a complex trading environment.”
Technical analysts point to key support levels around $70 for WTI crude, suggesting potential downside risks if this threshold is breached. “The market is showing signs of technical weakness, with the 50-day moving average crossing below the 200-day moving average, forming what traders call a ‘death cross,'” notes Alex Chen, senior technical analyst at Energy Market Solutions. This bearish technical signal, combined with fundamental headwinds, could pressure prices further in the near term.
Looking ahead to Q2 2025, market participants are closely monitoring several key factors that could influence price direction. The effectiveness of Iran sanctions, potential shifts in OPEC+ production policy, and the outcome of trade negotiations between major economies will likely determine the market’s trajectory. Goldman Sachs maintains a more bullish outlook than its peers, forecasting Brent crude to reach $85 per barrel by year-end, citing potential supply disruptions and stronger-than-expected Chinese demand.
Finalizes Commercial Licensing Agreement in Pakistan for SAF and Other Renewable Fuels
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA – FEBRUARY 13, 2025 – Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) today announced the execution of a definitive master license agreement between Comstock Fuels Corporation (“Comstock Fuels”) and Gresham’s Eastern (Pvt) Ltd (“Gresham’s”), a leading sustainable energy engineering, equipment and construction company based in Pakistan, under which Comstock Fuels granted Gresham’s a license to develop and manage facilities based on Comstock Fuels’ advanced lignocellulosic biomass refining processes in Pakistan.
Gresham’s plans to initially develop a commercial demonstration facility in Lahore, Pakistan, capable of initially processing 75,000 metric tons of biomass annually, marking Comstock Fuels’ fifth licensed refinery project under contract. The Lahore facility will be designed to generate the prerequisite operational and economic data for scaling up to a 1,000,000 metric tons per year (“MTPY”) commercial facility, aligning with the rapidly growing global market demand for increased production of sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”). Gresham’s ultimately plans to develop several similar facilities to use abundant, locally available agricultural and forestry residuals, as well as sustainably grown energy crops with the potential to unlock billions of dollars in exports while positioning Gresham’s as a leading contributor toward Pakistan’s commitment to producing 60% renewable energy by 2030.
Mian Suhail Husain, CEO of Gresham’s, commented, “We are focused on deploying truly scalable and sustainable energy solutions in Pakistan. We are on the doorstep of a globally significant opportunity where our combined competencies can generate significant economic growth for our nation and communities alike.”
Pakistan’s abundant biomass resources provide an ideal foundation for developing a robust renewable fuel production ecosystem that prioritizes fulfilling regional demand while targeting export markets across the Middle East and North Africa (“MENA”). Pakistan produces about 100 million metric tons of agricultural residue biomass per year, or enough to produce about 14 billion gallons of renewable fuels per year at Comstock Fuels’ proven yields of up to 140 gallons per dry metric ton on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis (“GGE”), depending on the feedstock, site conditions, and other process parameters.
“Gresham’s is well positioned to make a transformative contribution to Pakistan’s economic development and sustainable energy objectives,” stated David Winsness, President of Comstock Fuels. “This partnership showcases the quality and speed of global adoption of our industry-leading solution, and we’re excited to get started in Lahore and well beyond.”
Under the agreement, Gresham’s will lead the development, financing, construction, and management of facilities based on Comstock Fuels’ proprietary Bioleum refining technologies. Each Bioleum Refinery will operate under a site-specific license agreement to ensure compliance with Comstock Fuels’ performance and quality standards. Comstock Fuels will contribute site specific technology rights in exchange for a 20% equity stake in each Bioleum Refinery, a 6% royalty fee on each refinery’s product revenues, and a 6% engineering fee equal to total capital and construction costs. The agreement additionally granted Gresham’s the exclusive right to market projects based on Comstock Fuels’ technologies in Pakistan, subject to satisfaction of a series of commercialization milestones, including financing, construction, and commissioning of Gresham’s planned Lahore facility and multiple subsequent commercial facilities.
About Gresham’s Eastern (Pvt) Ltd.
For the better part of six decades, Gresham’s name has been synonymous with Quality and Innovation. Today, Pakistan-based Gresham’s is a premier project developer, engineering, equipment fabricator and construction company focused on deploying technology-leading, sustainable energy solutions and initiatives across Pakistan. To learn more, visit www.gel1947.com.
About Comstock Fuels Corporation
Comstock Fuels Corporation (“Comstock Fuels”) delivers advanced lignocellulosic biomass refining solutions that set industry benchmarks for production of cellulosic ethanol, gasoline, renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”), and other renewable Bioleum™ fuels, with extremely low carbon intensity scores of 15 and market-leading yields of up to 140 gallons per dry metric ton of feedstock (on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis, or “GGE”), depending on feedstock, site conditions, and other process parameters. Comstock Fuels additionally holds the exclusive rights to intellectual properties developed by Hexas Biomass Inc. (“Hexas”) for production of purpose grown energy crops in liquid fuels applications with proven yields exceeding 25 to 30 dry metric tons per acre per year. The combination of Comstock Fuels’ high yield Bioleum refining platform and Hexas’ high yield energy crops allows for the production of enough feedstock to produce upwards of 100 barrels of fuel per acre per year, effectively transforming marginal agricultural lands with regenerative practices into perpetual “drop-in sedimentary oilfields” with the potential to dramatically boost regional energy security and rural economies.
Comstock Fuels plans to contribute to domestic energy dominance by directly building, owning, and operating a network of Bioleum Refineries in the U.S. to produce about 200 million barrels of renewable fuel per year by 2035, starting with its planned first 400,000 barrel per year commercial demonstration facility in Oklahoma. Comstock Fuels also licenses its advanced feedstock and refining solutions to third parties for additional production in the U.S. and global markets, including several recently announced and other pending projects. To learn more, please visit www.comstockfuels.com.
About Comstock Inc.
Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) innovates and commercializes technologies that are deployable across entire industries to contribute to energy abundance by efficiently extracting and converting under-utilized natural resources, such as waste and other forms of woody biomass into renewable fuels, and end-of-life electronics into recovered electrification metals. Comstock’s innovations group is also developing and using artificial intelligence technologies for advanced materials development and mineral discovery for sustainable mining. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Comstock Social Media Policy
Comstock Inc. has used, and intends to continue using, its investor relations link and main website at www.comstock.inc in addition to its Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube accounts, as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.
Contacts
For investor inquiries: RB Milestone Group LLC Tel (203) 487-2759 ir@comstockinc.com
For media inquiries or questions: Colby Korsun Comstock Fuels Corporation fuels@comstockinc.com
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release and any related calls or discussions may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “potential” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of doing so. Forward-looking statements include statements about matters such as: future market conditions; future explorations or acquisitions; future changes in our research, development and exploration activities; future financial, natural, and social gains; future prices and sales of, and demand for, our products and services; land entitlements and uses; permits; production capacity and operations; operating and overhead costs; future capital expenditures and their impact on us; operational and management changes (including changes in the Board of Directors); changes in business strategies, planning and tactics; future employment and contributions of personnel, including consultants; future land and asset sales; investments, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, operational, tax, financial and restructuring initiatives, including the nature, timing and accounting for restructuring charges, derivative assets and liabilities and the impact thereof; contingencies; litigation, administrative or arbitration proceedings; environmental compliance and changes in the regulatory environment; offerings, limitations on sales or offering of equity or debt securities, including asset sales and associated costs; business opportunities, growth rates, future working capital, needs, revenues, variable costs, throughput rates, operating expenses, debt levels, cash flows, margins, taxes and earnings. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical and current trends, current conditions, possible future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, representations or warranties and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are unforeseeable and beyond our control and could cause actual results, developments, and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the risk factors set forth in our filings with the SEC and the following: adverse effects of climate changes or natural disasters; adverse effects of global or regional pandemic disease spread or other crises; global economic and capital market uncertainties; the speculative nature of gold or mineral exploration, and lithium, nickel and cobalt recycling, including risks of diminishing quantities or grades of qualified resources; operational or technical difficulties in connection with exploration, metal recycling, processing or mining activities; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with precious and other metal based activities, including environmentally friendly and economically enhancing clean mining and processing technologies, precious metal exploration, resource development, economic feasibility assessment and cash generating mineral production; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with metal recycling, processing or mining activities; contests over our title to properties; potential dilution to our stockholders from our stock issuances, recapitalization and balance sheet restructuring activities; potential inability to comply with applicable government regulations or law; adoption of or changes in legislation or regulations adversely affecting our businesses; permitting constraints or delays; challenges to, or potential inability to, achieve the benefits of business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us, including those involving battery technology and efficacy, quantum computing and generative artificial intelligence supported advanced materials development, development of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and related material production; commercialization of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and generative artificial intelligence development services; ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, asset sales, and investments that we may be party to in the future; changes in the United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations; interruptions in our production capabilities due to capital constraints; equipment failures; fluctuation of prices for gold or certain other commodities (such as silver, zinc, lithium, nickel, cobalt, cyanide, water, diesel, gasoline and alternative fuels and electricity); changes in generally accepted accounting principles; adverse effects of war, mass shooting, terrorism and geopolitical events; potential inability to implement our business strategies; potential inability to grow revenues; potential inability to attract and retain key personnel; interruptions in delivery of critical supplies, equipment and raw materials due to credit or other limitations imposed by vendors; assertion of claims, lawsuits and proceedings against us; potential inability to satisfy debt and lease obligations; potential inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; potential inability or failure to timely file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; potential inability to list our securities on any securities exchange or market or maintain the listing of our securities; and work stoppages or other labor difficulties. Occurrence of such events or circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or the market price of our securities. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as may be required by securities or other law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Neither this press release nor any related calls or discussions constitutes an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to buy or a recommendation with respect to any securities of the Company, the fund, or any other issuer.
Comstock (NYSE: LODE) innovates technologies that contribute to global decarbonization and circularity by efficiently converting under-utilized natural resources into renewable fuels and electrification products that contribute to balancing global uses and emissions of carbon. The Company intends to achieve exponential growth and extraordinary financial, natural, and social gains by building, owning, and operating a fleet of advanced carbon neutral extraction and refining facilities, by selling an array of complimentary process solutions and related services, and by licensing selected technologies to qualified strategic partners. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Term sheet with Marathon Petroleum. Comstock Fuels executed a non-binding term sheet with a subsidiary of Marathon Petroleum Corporation (NYSE, MPC) to negotiate a series of agreements, including: 1) an agreement under which MPC will contribute a combination of assets and cash to Comstock Fuels for conversion into equity on the same terms as Comstock Fuels’ planned Series A financing, 2) an offtake agreement for Marathon to purchase advanced biomass-based intermediates and fuels from Comstock Fuels’ planned commercial demonstration facility, and 3) a joint development agreement for Marathon to provide support services to Comstock Fuels in exchange for a warrant providing Marathon with an option to purchase additional equity in Comstock Fuels.
Oklahoma private activity bond allocation. Separately, Comstock Fuels was approved by the Oklahoma State Treasurer’s Office to issue up to $152 million in qualified private activity bonds to finance its first commercial demonstration biorefining facility in Oklahoma. The bonds are a key component of Comstock Fuels’ capital and financing plans, including funding each of its planned Bioleum refineries in the U.S. with dedicated project financing.
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This Company Sponsored Research is provided by Noble Capital Markets, Inc., a FINRA and S.E.C. registered broker-dealer (B/D).
*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
Key Points: – New 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum imports could shake up global metal markets – U.S. steel producers’ stocks surge while manufacturing sector faces cost pressures – Asian exporters and Canadian suppliers brace for significant market disruption
President Trump’s announcement of new 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum imports marks a significant shift in U.S. trade policy that’s already reverberating through global markets. The policy, which would add to existing duties, comes at a time when U.S. steel imports have declined 35% over the past decade, while aluminum imports have risen 14% during the same period.
The impact on domestic steel producers is expected to be notably positive, with major players like Nucor and U.S. Steel well-positioned to benefit from reduced foreign competition. Industry analyst James Campbell of CRU notes that while initial market reactions might show some volatility, the long-term outlook for domestic producers appears strong. “We’re seeing a clear pattern where these trade policies typically drive increased domestic investment in production capacity,” Campbell explains.
However, the manufacturing sector faces more complex challenges ahead. The automotive industry, in particular, may experience significant cost pressures. Industry experts estimate that the new tariffs could add between $300 and $500 to the production cost of each vehicle. This puts automakers in the difficult position of either absorbing these additional costs or passing them on to consumers, potentially affecting demand in an already competitive market.
The construction sector is also preparing for adjustments as material costs are expected to rise. Major infrastructure projects and commercial real estate developments may need to revise their budgets and timelines. Industry analysts project potential increases of 15-20% in structural steel costs, which could significantly impact project feasibility and financing structures.
International markets are already responding to the news. Vietnamese exporters, who saw a 140% increase in U.S. shipments last year, face particular challenges. Canadian suppliers, traditionally the largest exporters to the U.S., may need to explore alternative markets. However, some companies appear better prepared for the change. German industrial giant Thyssenkrupp, for instance, expects minimal impact due to its strategic decision to maintain significant local manufacturing presence in the U.S.
For investors, the changing landscape presents both opportunities and risks. While domestic steel producers are likely to see immediate benefits, the broader market implications require careful consideration. Companies with strong pricing power and established market positions may weather the transition more effectively than those operating on thinner margins.
The $49 billion metal import market is entering a period of significant transformation. Smart investors are watching for opportunities in companies with efficient cost management systems and strong domestic production capabilities. However, market veterans emphasize the importance of maintaining a balanced approach, considering both immediate market reactions and longer-term structural changes in the industry.
Looking ahead, the implementation timeline remains unclear, adding another layer of complexity to market calculations. Companies and investors alike are advised to prepare for a period of adjustment as the market fully processes these changes and establishes new equilibrium points.
The tariffs represent more than just a policy change; they signal a potential reshaping of global metal trade dynamics. As markets adapt to these new conditions, the full impact on various sectors will become clearer, but one thing is certain: the metal industry landscape is entering a new phase that will require careful navigation by all stakeholders.
ARLP is a diversified natural resource company that generates operating and royalty income from coal produced by its mining complexes and royalty income from mineral interests it owns in strategic oil & gas producing regions in the United States, primarily the Permian, Anadarko and Williston basins. ARLP currently produces coal from seven mining complexes its subsidiaries operate in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland and West Virginia. ARLP also operates a coal loading terminal on the Ohio River at Mount Vernon, Indiana. ARLP markets its coal production to major domestic and international utilities and industrial users and is currently the second largest coal producer in the eastern United States. In addition, ARLP is positioning itself as an energy provider for the future by leveraging its core technology and operating competencies to make strategic investments in the fast growing energy and infrastructure transition.
Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Full year and fourth quarter 2024 financial results. On a full year basis, Alliance generated 2024 adjusted EBITDA of $714.2 million and earnings per unit (EPU) of $2.77, respectively, compared to $933.1 million and $4.81 in 2023. Fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA was $124.0 million, and EPU amounted to $0.12, respectively, compared to $185.4 million and $0.88 during the prior year period. Fourth quarter and full year results were impacted by lower coal volumes, operational challenges within ARLP’s coal operations in Appalachia, and a $30.1 million non-cash asset impairment charge which had a negative impact of ~$0.24 per unit.
Management guidance for 2025. Coal sales are expected to be in the range of 32.25 million to 34.25 million tons, while the sales price of coal per ton is expected to be in the range of $57.00 to $61.00. Segmented adjusted EBITDA expense per ton sold is expected to be $40.00 to $44.00. The company has committed and priced 26.0 million tons of its 2025 sales volume, including 23.5 million for the domestic market and 2.5 million tons for the export market.
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This Company Sponsored Research is provided by Noble Capital Markets, Inc., a FINRA and S.E.C. registered broker-dealer (B/D).
*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
February 4, 2025 – Vancouver, Canada – Century Lithium Corp. (TSXV:LCE) (OTCQX: CYDVF) (Frankfurt: C1Z) (“Century Lithium” or “the Company”) is pleased to provide an update on its wholly owned Angel Island project near Silver Peak, Nevada, USA and associated Lithium Extraction Facility (“Pilot Plant”) in Amargosa Valley Nevada. The Company has completed the successful implementation of process improvements at its Pilot Plant. These changes were developed in collaboration with Amalgamated Research, LLC (“ARi”) of Twin Falls, Idaho, a research and development company specializing in industrial implementation of process technologies. Century Lithium is now shifting the focus at its Pilot Plant from research and development to demonstration.
“The initial results from ARi are very encouraging, indicating greater efficiency can be achieved that could result in positive reductions in the estimated capital and operating costs at Angel Island,” said Century Lithium President and CEO, Bill Willoughby. “Century Lithium remains committed to delivering value to our shareholders through Angel Island, one of the few advanced lithium projects in the United States. We are optimistic about the long-term fundamentals of the lithium market and the strategic importance of Angel Island to the future mineral supply in the United States.”
Project Update
The processing testing program (“Program”) implemented ARi’s proprietary adsorption-based technology for Direct Lithium Extraction (“DLE”) and was accomplished in conjunction with ARi’s Twin Falls testing facilities and Century Lithium’s Pilot Plant. The results of the Program are positive and further validate the efficiency of Century Lithium’s extraction technology. The Program augmented Century Lithium’s DLE system with the addition of ARi equipment and expertise. Early results indicate Century Lithium can eliminate the recycle loops within its DLE and lithium carbonate areas, while increasing eluate grades. The Company believes this will result in a substantial reduction in estimated capital and operating costs at Angel Island.
The decision to shift the focus at the Pilot Plant to demonstration mode is two-fold; it will allow the Company to focus on providing dedicated testing to prospective strategic partners or potential end-users and reduce the ongoing operating costs of the Pilot Plant. Current Pilot Plant operations will continue to convert a backlog of lithium solutions, which were made prior to the commissioning of the on-site lithium carbonate process at the Pilot Plant, into battery-grade lithium carbonate.
Moving Forward
The Company recently announced a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with Orica Specialty Mining Chemicals (see news release). The non-binding MOU outlines the intent of Century Lithium and Orica to formalize a multiyear offtake agreement for Orica to purchase sodium hydroxide from Angel Island. The favorable outlook for the sodium hydroxide by-product contributes significantly to Century Lithium’s low-cost lithium carbonate production model.
Ongoing engineering is focused on mining, and the leaching, filtration, DLE, and lithium carbonate processing areas. The Company continues to compile all data generated at the Pilot Plant. The data will be used in engineering models and to run analytical tests on full-scale construction designs focused on further reducing the estimated capital and operating costs for producing lithium carbonate at Angel Island.
Century Lithium remains focused on seeking strategic partnerships with potential end-users and market participants interested in securing a domestic supply of battery-grade lithium carbonate. The Company continues to move forward with permitting work to ensure that our future operations at Angel Island will align with both regulatory requirements and Century Lithium’s environmental and social stewardship goals.
Qualified Person
Todd Fayram, MMSA-QP and Senior Vice President, Metallurgy of Century Lithium is the qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43-101 and has approved the technical information in this release.
ABOUT Ari
Amalgamated Research LLC (ARi) is a supplier of chromatography, adsorption, and ion exchange technology and equipment specialized in commercializing innovative technology at large industrial scale. ARi has developed a cost-effective and streamlined solution for adsorption-based direct lithium extraction that maximizes plant profitability while minimizing upfront capital cost. ARi’s patented fluid distribution and mixing technology de-risks scale-up allowing separation processes to be reliably scaled from pilot plant data up to industrial vessels exceeding 20-ft in diameter, with no degradation in equipment performance. ARi provides a full spectrum of customer support services, from proof of concept through to industrial-scale installation. Comprehensive analytical services and a wide range of pilot equipment are available on-site to support process development and scale-up. Please visit arifractal.net for more information.
ABOUT CENTURY LITHIUM CORP.
Century Lithium Corp. is an advanced stage lithium company, focused on developing its wholly owned Angel Island project in Esmeralda County, Nevada, which hosts one of the largest sedimentary lithium deposits in the United States. The Company has utilized its patent-pending process for chloride leaching combined with direct lithium extraction to make high purity lithium carbonate product samples from Angel Island lithium-bearing claystone on-site at its Pilot Plant in Amargosa Valley, Nevada.
Angel Island is one of the few advanced lithium projects in development in the United States to provide an end-to-end process to produce battery quality lithium carbonate for the growing electric vehicle and battery storage market. Angel Island is currently in the permitting stage for a three-phase feasibility-level production plan expected to yield an average of 34,000 tonnes per year of lithium carbonate over a 40-year mine-life.
Century Lithium trades on both the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol “LCE” and the OTCQX under the symbol “CYDVF”; and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the symbol “C1Z”.
NEITHER THE TSX VENTURE EXCHANGE NOR ITS REGULATION SERVICES PROVIDER ACCEPTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE CONTENT OF THIS NEWS RELEASE.
This release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. In certain cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “plans”, “expects” or “does not anticipate”, or “believes”, or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might” or “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved” and similar expressions suggesting future outcomes or statements regarding an outlook.
Forward-looking statements relate to any matters that are not historical facts and statements of our beliefs, intentions and expectations about developments, results and events which will or may occur in the future, without limitation, statements with respect to the potential development and value of the Project and benefits associated therewith, statements with respect to the expected project economics for the Project, such as estimates of life of mine, lithium prices, production and recoveries, capital and operating costs, IRR, NPV and cash flows, any projections outlined in the Feasibility Study in respect of the Project, the permitting status of the Project and the Company’s future development plans.
These and other forward-looking statements and information are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the ability of the Company to control or predict, that may cause their actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied thereby, and are developed based on assumptions about such risks, uncertainties and other factors set out herein. These risks include those described under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent annual information form and its other public filings, copies of which can be under the Company’s profile at www.sedarplus.com. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update-forward-looking information except as required by applicable law. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. Accordingly, readers are advised not to place reliance on forward-looking statements or information. Furthermore, Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
Full year 2024 total revenue of $2.4 billion, net income of $360.9 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $714.2 million
Record full year 2024 oil & gas royalty volumes of 3.4 million BOE, up 9.6% year-over-year
Fourth quarter 2024 total revenue of $590.1 million, net income of $16.3 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $124.0 million
Completed $9.6 million in oil & gas mineral interest acquisitions during fourth quarter
In January 2025, declared quarterly cash distribution of $0.70 per unit, or $2.80 per unit annualized
TULSA, Okla.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Alliance Resource Partners, L.P. (NASDAQ: ARLP) (“ARLP” or the “Partnership”) today reported financial and operating results for the quarter and full year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Quarter” and “2024 Full Year”). This release includes comparisons of results to the quarter and year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Quarter” and “2023 Full Year”, respectively), as well as the quarter ended September 30, 2024 (the “Sequential Quarter”). All references in the text of this release to “net income” refer to “net income attributable to ARLP.” For a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and related reconciliation to its comparable GAAP financial measure, please see the end of this release.
Total revenues in the 2024 Quarter decreased 5.6% to $590.1 million compared to $625.4 million for the 2023 Quarter primarily as a result of reduced coal sales volumes, which declined 2.3%, and lower transportation revenues. Net income for the 2024 Quarter was $16.3 million, or $0.12 per basic and diluted limited partner unit, compared to $115.4 million, or $0.88 per basic and diluted limited partner unit, for the 2023 Quarter as a result of lower revenues, higher per ton operating expenses, which include $13.1 million of non-cash accruals for certain long-term liabilities, and $31.1 million of non-cash impairment charges in the 2024 Quarter due to market uncertainty at our MC Mining operation, partially offset by a $14.0 million increase in the fair value of our digital assets. Adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 Quarter was $124.0 million compared to $185.4 million in the 2023 Quarter.
Total revenues in the 2024 Quarter decreased 3.8% compared to $613.6 million in the Sequential Quarter primarily as a result of reduced coal sales prices, which declined 5.7% due in part to lower export price realizations. Net income for the 2024 Quarter decreased by 81.1% compared to the Sequential Quarter as a result of lower revenues and higher non-cash accruals relating to certain long-term liabilities and impairment charges in the 2024 Quarter, partially offset by an increase in the fair value of our digital assets. Adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 Quarter decreased 27.2% compared to the Sequential Quarter, as a result of higher non-cash accruals for certain long-term liabilities in the Illinois Basin, higher expenses related to the continuation of challenging geological conditions at our Tunnel Ridge and MC Mining operations in Appalachia, and lower revenue per ton for spot coal sold and per BOE in the Royalties segment.
Total revenues decreased 4.6% to $2.45 billion for the 2024 Full Year compared to $2.57 billion for the 2023 Full Year primarily due to lower coal sales volume, partially offset by higher other revenues. Net income for the 2024 Full Year was $360.9 million, or $2.77 per basic and diluted limited partner unit, compared to $630.1 million, or $4.81 per basic and diluted limited partner unit, for the 2023 Full Year as a result of lower revenues, increased operating expenses and non-cash impairment charges, partially offset by a $22.4 million increase in the fair value of our digital assets. Adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 Full Year was $714.2 million compared to $933.1 million in the 2023 Full Year.
CEO Commentary
“Due to the continued strength of our coal contracts, our average coal sales price per ton for the 2024 Full Year of $63.38 came close to the record level achieved in the 2023 Full Year of $64.17. However, lower sales volumes, higher operating costs and several non-cash accruals caused 2024 Full Year financial results to fall short of last year’s record revenues and net income,” said Joseph W. Craft III, Chairman, President and CEO. “The cold winter weather at the start of this year has driven higher natural gas prices and increased coal consumption in the eastern United States, helping reduce inventories. We are seeing customer solicitations for both near-term and long-term supply contracts, and if the colder weather continues to be above normal, we are hopeful we can reach our goal to ship 30 million tons to the domestic market in 2025.”
Mr. Craft continued, “Having substantially completed major infrastructure projects at Tunnel Ridge, Hamilton, Warrior, and River View in 2024, we expect to see improved costs and productivity along with reduced capital spending this year. Additionally, the combination of cold winter weather and new LNG export terminal capacity should support strong domestic natural gas prices in 2025, benefiting both our Coal and Royalties segments.”
Mr. Craft concluded, “The increase in forecasted electricity demand, particularly from data centers and growth in AI, is highlighting the inadequacy of current resource plans without extended use of fossil fuel plants. These market realities, coupled with what we expect to be a more favorable regulatory environment, are laying the foundation for Alliance to continue serving as a cornerstone of the country’s reliable electricity infrastructure for years to come. We look forward to what we can achieve in 2025.”
Coal Operations
Total coal sales volumes for the 2024 Quarter decreased 2.3% compared to the 2023 Quarter while remaining relatively consistent compared to the Sequential Quarter. In Appalachia, tons sold decreased by 17.1% and 24.6% in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter, respectively, primarily as a result of lower production levels which reduced domestic sales volumes from our Tunnel Ridge operation. Partially offsetting these decreases, tons sold increased by 2.8% and 10.5% in the Illinois Basin compared to the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter, respectively, due to improved sales performance from our River View, Hamilton, and Gibson South mines. Coal sales price per ton increased by 4.4% in Appalachia compared to the 2023 Quarter as a result of higher domestic price realizations at our Tunnel Ridge mine. In the Illinois Basin, coal sales prices decreased by 3.9% in the 2024 Quarter compared to the Sequential Quarter primarily due to reduced domestic price realizations from our Hamilton operation. ARLP ended the 2024 Quarter with total coal inventory of 0.6 million tons, representing decreases of 0.7 million tons and 1.4 million tons compared to the end of the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter, respectively.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Expense per ton for the 2024 Quarter increased by 12.8% and 5.2% in the Illinois Basin compared to the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter, respectively, due primarily to reduced production, higher labor costs and lower recoveries at several mines in the region as well as an $11.0 million non-cash deferred purchase price adjustment recorded in the 2024 Quarter related to the 2015 acquisition of our Hamilton mine. In Appalachia, Segment Adjusted EBITDA Expense per ton for the 2024 Quarter increased by 20.9% and 17.4% compared to the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter, respectively, due to lower recoveries across the region as well as challenging mining conditions which reduced production and led to higher materials and supplies and maintenance costs at our Tunnel Ridge operation.
Royalties
Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Oil & Gas Royalties segment decreased to $25.6 million in the 2024 Quarter compared to $31.0 million and $28.7 million in the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter, respectively, due primarily to lower average sales price per BOE, which decreased 17.2% and 7.3%, respectively, partially offset by decreased expenses. A reduction in oil & gas volumes compared to the Sequential Quarter also contributed to the sequential decrease.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Coal Royalties segment increased 3.6% to $10.5 million for the 2024 Quarter compared to $10.2 million for the 2023 Quarter as a result of higher royalty tons sold, which increased 9.4%, partially offset by increased selling expenses and lower average royalty rates per ton received from the Partnership’s mining subsidiaries. Compared to the Sequential Quarter, Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased 4.8% due to higher selling expenses, partially offset by increased sales volumes.
Balance Sheet and Liquidity
As of December 31, 2024, total debt and finance leases outstanding were $490.8 million, including $400 million in recently issued Senior Notes due 2029. The Partnership’s total and net leverage ratios were 0.69 times and 0.50 times debt to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. ARLP ended the 2024 Quarter with total liquidity of $593.9 million, which included $137.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $456.9 million of borrowings available under its revolving credit and accounts receivable securitization facilities. ARLP also held 482 bitcoins valued at $45.0 million as of December 31, 2024.
Distributions
On January 28, 2025, the Board of Directors of ARLP’s general partner (the “Board”) approved a cash distribution to unitholders for the 2024 Quarter of $0.70 per unit (an annualized rate of $2.80 per unit), payable on February 14, 2025, to all unitholders of record as of the close of trading on February 7, 2025. The announced distribution is consistent with the cash distributions for the 2023 Quarter and Sequential Quarter.
Outlook
“For 2025, we expect improved coal production costs to counterbalance lower market prices, keeping Coal segment margins near 2024 Full Year levels,” commented Mr. Craft. “In the Oil & Gas Royalty business, we achieved record production volumes for the 2024 Full Year despite only making modest additions to our overall acreage position. We continue to favor the cash flow generation profile and ability to self-fund growth in the Oil & Gas Royalties segment, and therefore, will actively pursue growth in this segment in 2025.”
Mr. Craft concluded, “Looking forward, we anticipate a more supportive regulatory environment from the new administration that will help address the growing need for affordable, reliable baseload power without prematurely retiring critical generation sources. As the realities of physics meet the needs of the grid, we believe previously announced retirements will be delayed and our products will remain a cornerstone of energy security in some of the strongest industrial growth areas of the country for years to come.”
ARLP is providing the following guidance for the full year ending December 31, 2025 (the “2025 Full Year”):
Conference Call
A conference call regarding ARLP’s 2024 Quarter and Full Year financial results is scheduled for today at 10:00 a.m. Eastern. To participate in the conference call, dial (877) 407-0784 and request to be connected to the Alliance Resource Partners, L.P. earnings conference call. International callers should dial (201) 689-8560 and request to be connected to the same call. Investors may also listen to the call via the “Investors” section of ARLP’s website at www.arlp.com.
An audio replay of the conference call will be available for approximately one week. To access the audio replay, dial U.S. Toll Free (844) 512-2921; International Toll (412) 317-6671 and request to be connected to replay using access code 13750955.
About Alliance Resource Partners, L.P.
ARLP is a diversified energy company that is currently the second largest coal producer in the eastern United States, supplying reliable, affordable energy domestically and internationally to major utilities, metallurgical and industrial users. ARLP also generates operating and royalty income from mineral interests it owns in strategic coal and oil & gas producing regions in the United States. In addition, ARLP is evolving and positioning itself as a reliable energy partner for the future by pursuing opportunities that support the advancement of energy and related infrastructure.
News, unit prices and additional information about ARLP, including filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), are available at www.arlp.com. For more information, contact the investor relations department of ARLP at (918) 295-7673 or via e-mail at investorrelations@arlp.com.
The statements and projections used throughout this release are based on current expectations. These statements and projections are forward-looking, and actual results may differ materially. These projections do not include the potential impact of any mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations that may occur after the date of this release. We have included more information below regarding business risks that could affect our results.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS: With the exception of historical matters, any matters discussed in this press release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results. Those forward-looking statements include expectations with respect to our future financial performance, coal and oil & gas consumption and expected future prices, our ability to increase or maintain unitholder distributions in future quarters, business plans and potential growth with respect to our energy and infrastructure transition investments, optimizing cash flows, reducing operating and capital expenditures, infrastructure projects at our existing properties, growth in domestic electricity demand, preserving liquidity and maintaining financial flexibility, and our future repurchases of units and senior notes, among others. These risks to our ability to achieve these outcomes include, but are not limited to, the following: decline in the coal industry’s share of electricity generation, including as a result of environmental concerns related to coal mining and combustion, the cost and perceived benefits of other sources of electricity and fuels, such as oil & gas, nuclear energy, and renewable fuels and the planned retirement of coal-fired power plants in the U.S.; our ability to provide fuel for growth in domestic energy demand, should it materialize; changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility, and the impact of such changes and volatility on our financial position; changes in global economic and geo-political conditions or changes in industries in which our customers operate; changes in commodity prices, demand and availability which could affect our operating results and cash flows; the outcome or escalation of current hostilities in Ukraine and the Israel-Gaza conflict; the severity, magnitude and duration of any future pandemics and impacts of such pandemics and of businesses’ and governments’ responses to such pandemics on our operations and personnel, and on demand for coal, oil, and natural gas, the financial condition of our customers and suppliers and operators, available liquidity and capital sources and broader economic disruptions; actions of the major oil-producing countries with respect to oil production volumes and prices could have direct and indirect impacts over the near and long term on oil & gas exploration and production operations at the properties in which we hold mineral interests; changes in competition in domestic and international coal markets and our ability to respond to such changes; potential shut-ins of production by the operators of the properties in which we hold oil & gas mineral interests due to low commodity prices or the lack of downstream demand or storage capacity; risks associated with the expansion of and investments into the infrastructure of our operations and properties, including the timing of such investments coming online; our ability to identify and complete acquisitions and to successfully integrate such acquisitions into our business and achieve the anticipated benefits therefrom; our ability to identify and invest in new energy and infrastructure transition ventures; the success of our development plans for our wholly owned subsidiary, Matrix Design Group, LLC, and our investments in emerging infrastructure and technology companies; dependence on significant customer contracts, including renewing existing contracts upon expiration; adjustments made in price, volume, or terms to existing coal supply agreements; the effects of and changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, and the results of central bank policy actions, including interest rates, bank failures, and associated liquidity risks; the effects of and changes in taxes or tariffs and other trade measures adopted by the United States and foreign governments; legislation, regulations, and court decisions and interpretations thereof, both domestic and foreign, including those relating to the environment and the release of greenhouse gases, such as the Environmental Protection Agency’s recently promulgated emissions regulations for coal-fired power plants, and state legislation seeking to impose liability on a wide range of energy companies under greenhouse gas “superfund” laws, mining, miner health and safety, hydraulic fracturing, and health care; deregulation of the electric utility industry or the effects of any adverse change in the coal industry, electric utility industry, or general economic conditions; investors’ and other stakeholders’ increasing attention to environmental, social, and governance matters; liquidity constraints, including those resulting from any future unavailability of financing; customer bankruptcies, cancellations or breaches to existing contracts, or other failures to perform; customer delays, failure to take coal under contracts or defaults in making payments; our productivity levels and margins earned on our coal sales; disruptions to oil & gas exploration and production operations at the properties in which we hold mineral interests; changes in equipment, raw material, service or labor costs or availability, including due to inflationary pressures; changes in our ability to recruit, hire and maintain labor; our ability to maintain satisfactory relations with our employees; increases in labor costs, adverse changes in work rules, or cash payments or projections associated with workers’ compensation claims; increases in transportation costs and risk of transportation delays or interruptions; operational interruptions due to geologic, permitting, labor, weather, supply chain shortage of equipment or mine supplies, or other factors; risks associated with major mine-related accidents, mine fires, mine floods or other interruptions; results of litigation, including claims not yet asserted; foreign currency fluctuations that could adversely affect the competitiveness of our coal abroad; difficulty maintaining our surety bonds for mine reclamation as well as workers’ compensation and black lung benefits; difficulty in making accurate assumptions and projections regarding post-mine reclamation as well as pension, black lung benefits, and other post-retirement benefit liabilities; uncertainties in estimating and replacing our coal mineral reserves and resources; uncertainties in estimating and replacing our oil & gas reserves; uncertainties in the amount of oil & gas production due to the level of drilling and completion activity by the operators of our oil & gas properties; uncertainties in the future of the electric vehicle industry and the market for EV charging stations; the impact of current and potential changes to federal or state tax rules and regulations, including a loss or reduction of benefits from certain tax deductions and credits; difficulty obtaining commercial property insurance, and risks associated with our participation in the commercial insurance property program; evolving cybersecurity risks, such as those involving unauthorized access, denial-of-service attacks, malicious software, data privacy breaches by employees, insiders or others with authorized access, cyber or phishing attacks, ransomware, malware, social engineering, physical breaches, or other actions; and difficulty in making accurate assumptions and projections regarding future revenues and costs associated with equity investments in companies we do not control.
Additional information concerning these, and other factors can be found in ARLP’s public periodic filings with the SEC, including ARLP’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed on February 23, 2024, and ARLP’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024, filed on May 9, 2024, August 7, 2024 and November 7, 2024, respectively. Except as required by applicable securities laws, ARLP does not intend to update its forward-looking statements.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Unaudited)
Reconciliation of GAAP “net income attributable to ARLP” to non-GAAP “EBITDA,” “Adjusted EBITDA,” “Distribution Coverage Ratio” and “Distributable Cash Flow” (in thousands).
EBITDA is defined as net income attributable to ARLP before net interest expense, income taxes and depreciation, depletion and amortization and Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA adjusted for certain items that we characterize as unrepresentative of our ongoing operations. Distributable cash flow (“DCF”) is defined as Adjusted EBITDA excluding equity method investment earnings, interest expense (before capitalized interest), interest income, income taxes and estimated maintenance capital expenditures and adding distributions from equity method investments and litigation expense accrual. Distribution coverage ratio (“DCR”) is defined as DCF divided by distributions paid to partners.
Management believes that the presentation of such additional financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding our performance and results of operations because these measures, when used in conjunction with related GAAP financial measures, (i) provide additional information about our core operating performance and ability to generate and distribute cash flow, (ii) provide investors with the financial analytical framework upon which management bases financial, operational, compensation and planning decisions and (iii) present measurements that investors, rating agencies and debt holders have indicated are useful in assessing us and our results of operations.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, DCF and DCR should not be considered as alternatives to net income attributable to ARLP, net income, income from operations, cash flows from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA and DCF are not intended to represent cash flow and do not represent the measure of cash available for distribution. Our method of computing EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, DCF and DCR may not be the same method used to compute similar measures reported by other companies, or EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, DCF and DCR may be computed differently by us in different contexts (i.e., public reporting versus computation under financing agreements).
Investor Relations Contact Cary P. Marshall Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 918-295-7673 investorrelations@arlp.com
Comstock (NYSE: LODE) innovates technologies that contribute to global decarbonization and circularity by efficiently converting under-utilized natural resources into renewable fuels and electrification products that contribute to balancing global uses and emissions of carbon. The Company intends to achieve exponential growth and extraordinary financial, natural, and social gains by building, owning, and operating a fleet of advanced carbon neutral extraction and refining facilities, by selling an array of complimentary process solutions and related services, and by licensing selected technologies to qualified strategic partners. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc.
Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Hans Baldau, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Agreement with SACL. Comstock Fuels executed definitive agreements with SACL Pte. Limited (SACL), a Singapore-based renewable fuel project developer with plans to develop renewable energy projects in Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Malaysia. SACL has been granted a master non-exclusive license to Comstock Fuel’s intellectual property to develop, finance, build, and manage renewable fuel production facilities. The agreement provides exclusive rights to market projects subject to SACL’s satisfaction of certain milestones, including completion of engineering and financing for SACL’s first licensed facility in 2025 followed by commissioning and production in 2027.
Favorable terms. Comstock will contribute site-specific technology rights in exchange for a 20% equity stake in each refinery and provide engineering support in exchange for 3% of each facility’s capital and construction costs. This will increase to 6% for facilities with a capacity of 250,000 metric tons per year (MTPY) or more. Additionally, an upfront payment of $2.5 million will be required upon the execution of a site license agreement. Comstock Fuels will receive a royalty fee equal to 3% of the total sales from licensed products produced by each facility, which will rise to 6% for facilities with a capacity of 250,000 metric tons per year or greater.
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This Company Sponsored Research is provided by Noble Capital Markets, Inc., a FINRA and S.E.C. registered broker-dealer (B/D).
*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
