Tag: Federal Reserve

Inflation Rises More Than Expected in December, Keeping Pressure on Fed

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Inflation picked up more than anticipated in December, dimming hopes that the Federal Reserve can soon pause its interest rate hiking campaign.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 0.3% in December compared to the prior month, according to Labor Department data released Thursday. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg had projected a 0.2% monthly gain.

On an annual basis, inflation hit 3.4% in December, accelerating from November’s 3.1% pace and surpassing expectations for 3.2% growth.

The uptick keeps the heat on the Fed to maintain its aggressive monetary tightening push to wrestle inflation back towards its 2% target. Investors were optimistic the central bank could stop hiking rates and even start cutting them in early 2023. But with inflation proving sticky, the Fed now looks poised to keep benchmark rates elevated for longer.

“This print is aligned with our view that disinflation ahead will be gradual with sticky services inflation,” said Ellen Zentner, chief U.S. economist at Morgan Stanley, in a note.

Core Contributes to Inflation’s Persistence

Stripping out volatile food and energy costs, the core CPI increased 0.3% in December, matching November’s rise. Core inflation rose 3.9% on an annual basis, up slightly from November’s 4.0% pace.

The core reading came in above estimates for a 0.2% monthly gain and 3.8% annual increase. The higher-than-expected core inflation indicates that even excluding food and gas, costs remain stubbornly high across many categories of goods and services.

Shelter costs are a major culprit, with rent indexes continuing to climb. The indexes for rent of shelter and owners’ equivalent rent both advanced 0.5% in December, equaling November’s rise.

Owners’ equivalent rent attempts to estimate how much homeowners would pay if they rented their properties. This category accounts for nearly one-third of the overall CPI index and over 40% of core CPI.

With shelter carrying so much weighting, persistent gains here will hinder inflation’s descent. Supply-demand imbalances in the housing market are delaying a moderation in rents.

Used Cars See Relief; Insurance Soars

Gently easing price pressures showed up in the used vehicle market. Used car and truck prices edged up just 0.1% in December following several months of declines. In November, used auto prices fell 0.2%.

New vehicle prices also cooled again, dipping 0.1% versus November’s 0.2% decrease. The reprieve comes after a long bout of supply shortages weighed on auto affordability.

But motor vehicle insurance blindsided with its largest annual increase since 1976, vaulting 20.3% higher over the last 12 months. In November, the insurance index had risen 8.7% year-over-year.

Food Index Fluctuates

Food prices have been especially volatile, reacting to supply chain disruptions and geopolitical developments like the war in Ukraine. The food index rose 0.1% in December, down from November’s 0.5% increase.

The index for food at home slid 0.1% last month, reversing course after four straight monthly gains. Egg prices spiked 8.9% higher in December, building on November’s 2.2% surge. The egg index has skyrocketed 60% year-over-year.

But not all grocery aisles saw rising costs. Fruits and vegetables turned cheaper, with the index dropping 0.6% as supply conditions improved.

Bigger Picture View

The faster-than-expected inflation in December keeps the Fed on course to drive rates higher for longer to manage price pressures. Markets are still betting officials will engineer a soft landing and start cutting interest rates by March.

But economists warn more patience is needed before declaring victory over inflation. “Overall, the December CPI report reminds us that inflation will decline on a bumpy road, not a smooth one,” said Jeffrey Roach, chief economist at LPL Financial.

Until clear, convincing signs of disinflation emerge, the Fed looks unlikely to pivot from its aggressive inflation-fighting stance. The CPI report illustrates the complexity of the inflation picture, with some components moderating while others heat up.

With shelter costs up over 6% annually and services inflation staying elevated, the Fed has reasons for caution. Moderately higher inflation won’t necessarily prompt more supersized rate hikes, but it may prolong the current restrictive policy.

Investors longing for a Fed “pivot” may need to wait a bit longer. But the war against inflation rages on, even with the December CPI report threatening to squash hopes of an imminent policy easing.

Fed Rate Cut Timing in Focus as New Year Kicks Off

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

As 2024 begins, all eyes are on the Federal Reserve to see when it will pivot towards cutting interest rates from restrictive levels aimed at taming inflation. The Fed’s upcoming policy moves will have major implications for markets and the economy in the new year.

The central bank raised its benchmark federal funds rate sharply in 2023, lifting it from near zero to a range of 5.25-5.5% by December. But with inflation pressures now easing, focus has shifted to when the Fed will begin lowering rates once again.

Markets are betting on cuts starting as early as March, while most economists see cuts beginning around mid-2024. The Fed’s minutes from its December meeting, being released this week, may provide clues about how soon cuts could commence.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell has stressed rate cuts are not yet under discussion. But he noted rates will need to fall before inflation returns to the 2% target, to avoid tightening more than necessary.

Recent data gives the Fed room to trim rates sooner than later. Core PCE inflation rose just 1% annually in November, and has run under 2% over the past six months.

With inflation easing faster than expected while the Fed holds rates steady, policy is getting tighter by default. That raises risks of ‘over-tightening’ and causing an unneeded hit to jobs.

Starting to reduce rates by March could mitigate this risk, some analysts contend. But the Fed also wants to see clear evidence that underlying inflation pressures are abating as it pivots policy.

Upcoming jobs, consumer spending and inflation data will guide rate cut timing. The January employment report and December consumer inflation reading, out in the next few weeks, will be critical.

Markets Expect Aggressive Fed Easing

Rate cut expectations have surged since summer, when markets anticipated rates peaking above 5%. Now futures trading implies the Fed will slash rates by 1.5 percentage points by end-2024.

That’s far more easing than Fed officials projected in December. Their forecast was for rates to decline by only 0.75 point this year.

Such aggressive Fed easing would be welcomed by equity markets. Stocks notched healthy gains in 2023 largely due to improving inflation and expectations for falling interest rates.

Further Fed cuts could spur another rally, as lower rates boost the present value of future corporate earnings. That may help offset risks from still-high inflation, a slowing economy and ongoing geopolitical turmoil.

But the Fed resists moving too swiftly on rates. Quick, large cuts could unintentionally re-stoke inflation if done prematurely. And inflated rate cut hopes could set markets up for disappointment.

Navigating a ‘Soft Landing’ in 2024

The Fed’s overriding priority is to engineer a ‘soft landing’ – where inflation steadily falls without triggering a recession and large-scale job losses.

Achieving this will require skillful calibration of rate moves. Cutting too fast risks entrenching inflation and forcing even harsher tightening later. But moving too slowly could cause an unnecessary downturn.

With Treasury yields falling on rate cut hopes, the Fed also wants to avoid an ‘inverted’ yield curve where short-term yields exceed long-term rates. Prolonged inversions often precede recessions.

For now, policymakers are taking a wait-and-see approach on cuts while reiterating their commitment to containing inflation. But market expectations and incoming data will shape the timing of reductions in the new year.

Global factors add complexity to the Fed’s policy path. While domestic inflation is cooling, price pressures remain stubbornly high in Europe. And China’s reopening may worsen supply chain strains.

Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine also breeds uncertainty on geopolitics and commodity prices. A flare up could fan inflation and force central banks to tighten despite economic weakness.

With risks abounding at the start of 2024, investors will closely watch the Fed’s next moves. Patience is warranted, but the stage appears set for rate cuts to commence sometime in the next six months barring an unforeseen shock.

New Inflation Data Supports Case for Fed Rate Cuts in 2024

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

The latest inflation report released on Friday provides further evidence that price pressures are cooling, opening the door for the Federal Reserve to pivot to rate cuts next year.

The core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index, which excludes food and energy costs, rose 3.2% in November from a year earlier. That was slightly below economists’ expectations for a 3.3% increase, and down from 3.7% inflation in October.

On a 6-month annualized basis, core inflation slowed to 1.9%, dipping below the Fed’s 2% target for the first time in three years. The moderating price increases back up Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s comments last week that inflation has likely peaked after months of relentless gains.

Following Powell’s remarks, financial markets boosted bets that the Fed would begin slashing interest rates in early 2024 to boost economic growth. Futures prices now show traders see a more than 70% likelihood of a rate cut by March.

The Fed kicked off its tightening cycle in March, taking its benchmark rate up to a 15-year high of 4.25% – 4.50% from near zero. But Powell signaled last week the central bank could hold rates steady at its next couple meetings as it assesses the impacts of its aggressive hikes.

Still, some Fed officials have pumped the brakes on expectations for imminent policy easing. They noted it is premature to pencil in rate cuts for March when recent inflation data has been mixed.

Cleveland Fed President Loretta Mester said markets have “gotten a little bit ahead” of the central bank. And Richmond Fed President Tom Barkin noted he wants to see services inflation, which remains elevated at 4.1%, also moderate before officials can decide on cuts.

More Evidence Needed

The Fed wants to see a consistent downward trajectory in inflation before it can justify loosening policy. While the latest core PCE print shows prices heading the right direction, policymakers need more proof the disinflationary trend will persist.

Still, the report marked a step forward after inflation surged to its highest levels in 40 years earlier this year on the back of massive government stimulus, supply chain snarls and a red-hot labor market.

The Commerce Department’s downward revision to third quarter core PCE to 2%, right at the Fed’s goal, provided another greenshoot. Personal incomes also grew a healthy 0.4% in November, signaling economic resilience even in the face of tighter monetary policy.

Fed officials will closely monitor upcoming inflation reports, especially core services excluding housing. Categories like healthcare, education and recreation make up 65% of the core PCE index.

Moderation in services inflation is key to convincing the Fed that broader price pressures are easing. Goods disinflation has been apparent for months, helped by improving supply chains.

Path to Rate Cuts

To justify rate cuts, policymakers want to see months of consistently low inflation paired with signs of slowing economic growth. The Fed’s forecasts point to GDP growth braking from 1.7% this year to just 0.5% in 2023.

Unemployment is also projected to rise, taking pressure off wage growth. Leading indicators like housing permits and manufacturing orders suggest the economy is heading for a slowdown.

Once the Fed can be confident inflation will stay around 2% in the medium term, it can then switch to stimulating growth and bringing down unemployment.

Markets are currently betting on the Fed starting to cut rates in March and taking them back down by 1.25 percentage points total next year. But analysts warn against getting too aggressive in rate cut expectations.

“There is mounting evidence that the post-pandemic inflation scare is over and we expect interest rates to be cut significantly next year,” said Capital Economics’ Andrew Hunter.

The potential for financial conditions to tighten again, supply chain problems or an inflation rebound all pose risks to the dovish outlook. And inflation at 3.2% remains too high for the Fed’s comfort.

Fed Chair Powell has warned it could take until 2024 to get inflation back down near officials’ 2% goal. Monetary policy also acts with long lags, meaning rate cuts now may not boost growth until late 2023 or 2024.

With risks still skewed, the Fed will likely take a cautious approach to policy easing. But the latest data gives central bankers confidence their inflation fight is headed in the right direction.

Has The Fed Hit a Turning Point?

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

After two years of aggressive rate hikes to combat inflation, the Federal Reserve is on the cusp of a significant policy shift. This Wednesday’s meeting marks a turning point, with a pause on rate increases and a focus on what lies ahead. While the immediate decision is anticipated, the subtle nuances of the Fed’s statement, economic projections, and Chair Powell’s press conference hold the key to understanding the future trajectory of monetary policy.

A Pause in the Rate Hike Cycle:

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is virtually certain to hold the benchmark overnight borrowing rate steady at a range of 5.25% to 5.5%. This decision reflects the Fed’s recognition of the recent slowdown in inflation, as evidenced by Tuesday’s Consumer Price Index report showing core inflation at a 4% annual rate. The aggressive rate hikes have had their intended effect, and the Fed is now in a position to assess the impact and determine the next course of action.

Shifting Narrative: From Hiking to Cutting?

While the pause is a significant development, the Fed’s communication will provide further insights into their future plans. Economists anticipate subtle changes in the post-meeting statement, such as dropping the reference to “additional policy firming” and focusing on achieving the 2% inflation target. These changes would signal a shift in the narrative from focusing on rate hikes to considering potential cuts in the future.

The closely watched dot plot, which reflects individual members’ expectations for future interest rates, will also be scrutinized. The removal of the previously indicated rate increase for this year is expected, but the market’s anticipation of rate cuts starting in May 2024 might be perceived as overly aggressive. Most economists believe the Fed will take a more cautious approach, with cuts likely to materialize in the second half of 2024 or later.

Economic Outlook and the Real Rate:

Alongside the policy decision, the Fed will update its projections for economic growth, inflation, and unemployment. While significant changes are not anticipated, these projections will provide valuable information about the current state of the economy and the Fed’s expectations for the future.

The real rate, or the difference between the fed funds rate and inflation, is also a key factor in the Fed’s deliberations. Currently, the real rate stands at 1.8%, significantly above the neutral rate of 0.5%. This high real rate is considered restrictive, meaning it is slowing down economic activity. Chair Powell’s comments will be closely watched for any hints about how the Fed might balance the need to control inflation with the potential for slowing economic growth.

Powell’s Press Conference: Clues for the Future:

The press conference following the meeting will be the most anticipated event of the week. Chair Powell’s remarks will be analyzed for any clues about the Fed’s future plans. While Powell is likely to remain cautious, his comments could provide valuable insights into the Fed’s thinking and their views on the economic outlook.

Markets are eagerly anticipating any indication of a dovish pivot, which could lead to a further surge in equity prices. However, Powell may also address concerns about the recent loosening of financial conditions, emphasizing the Fed’s commitment to achieving their inflation target. Striking a balance between these competing concerns will be a major challenge for Powell and the FOMC.

Looking Ahead: A Cautious Path Forward

The Federal Reserve’s Wednesday meeting marks a significant turning point in their fight against inflation. While the immediate pause in rate hikes is expected, the future trajectory of monetary policy remains uncertain. The Fed will closely monitor the economic data and adjust their policy as needed. The coming months are likely to be characterized by careful consideration and cautious action as the Fed navigates the complex task of balancing inflation control with economic growth.

This article has highlighted the key details of the upcoming Fed meeting and its potential impact on the economy and financial markets. By understanding the nuances of the Fed’s communication and the challenges they face, we can gain a deeper understanding of the future of monetary policy and its implications for businesses, consumers, and investors alike.

Powell Pumps the Brakes on Rate Cut Hopes

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell threw cold water on mounting speculation that the central bank is nearing the end of its tightening campaign and will soon reverse course to cutting interest rates.

In a speech at Spelman College on Friday, Powell asserted “it would be premature” for investors to conclude the Fed’s policy stance is restrictive enough given lingering inflation pressures. He stated plainly that more rate hikes could still be on the table if appropriate.

His sobering comments follow the latest inflation data showing core PCE, the Fed’s preferred gauge, ticked down slightly to 3.5% annually in October. Though marking a fourth consecutive month of slow improvement, Powell emphasized the number remains well above the Fed’s 2% target.

“While the lower inflation readings of the past few months are welcome, that progress must continue if we are to reach our 2% objective,” he said.

Nonetheless, overeager investors have jumped the gun on declaring victory over inflation and penciling in imminent rate cuts. Billionaire Bill Ackman predicted this week that cuts could come as soon as Q1 2024.

But Powell asserted the full impact of the Fed’s blistering pace of rate hikes this year has likely not yet transmitted through the economy. Plus, he noted core PCE has averaged 2.5% over the past six months – still too high for comfort.

Key Takeaways for Investors

The Fed chair’s remarks make clear that policymakers see their inflation-taming mission as incomplete despite markets cheering each new downward tick. Here are the big implications for investors:

  • Rate cuts are not coming anytime soon. The Fed wants concrete evidence that inflation is reverting steadily to its 2% goal before it contemplates easing policy. Powell admission that more hikes could happen dispels investor hopes for a swift policy pivot.
  • Stocks may face renewed volatility. Exuberant bets on imminent rate cuts provided major tailwinds for this year’s risk asset rebound. With the Fed dampening that narrative, investors may recalibrate positions. Powell cautioned about the unusual uncertainty still permeating the economic outlook.
  • Recession risks linger in 2024. The full brunt of the Fed’s Super-Size rate hikes has yet to impact the real economy. Powell made clear policy will stay restrictive for some time to have its intended effect of slowing demand and consumer spending. That keeps recession risks on the radar, especially in the back half of next year.

Navigating the Volatility Ahead

With the Fed determined to remain the grinch raining on investor enthusiasms around pivots, next year promises more turbulence for markets. Savvy investors should:

Trim exposure to interest-rate sensitive assets: Risks remain heavily skewed towards more volatility as the Fed asserts its hawkish credibility. ratchet down exposure to bonds, utilities, real estate and other rate-vulnerable sectors.

Emphasize inflation hedges: The Fed’s clear-eyed focus on returning inflation to 2% means investors should still prioritize inflation-fighting assets like commodities, TIPS, floating-rate bank loans, and short-duration bonds. These provide buffers against rising prices.

Stay nimble amid cross-currents: Between lingering inflation and slowing growth, crosswinds for investors abound. Being opportunistic yet disciplined will be critical, as risk appetites could sour quickly depending on upcoming data and guidance from the Fed. Maintaining flexibility and even selective hedges allows investors to adeptly navigate the turbulence ahead under Powell’s resolute hawkish watch.

Inflation Edges Higher in October but Shows Ongoing Signs of Cooling

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

New government data released Thursday indicates that inflation ticked slightly higher in October but remained on a broader cooling trajectory as price pressures continue moderating from 40-year highs reached earlier this year. The report provides further evidence that the rapid pace of price increases may be starting to steadily decelerate, supporting the Federal Reserve’s recent inclination to halt its aggressive interest rate hike campaign.

The Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, rose 0.2% last month and 3.5% over the past year. This matched consensus economist forecasts. The core PCE index strips out volatile food and energy costs to provide a clearer view underlying price trends.

While still well above the Fed’s 2% target, the annual increase was down from 5.3% in February. The incremental monthly gain showed prices climbing at a more restrained pace after an intense burst earlier this year.

“The Fed is on hold for now but their pivot to rate cuts is getting closer,” said Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica Bank. “Inflation is clearly slowing.”

Markets are already betting policymakers won’t hike rates again this cycle, and may even start cutting in 2024 to bolster growth as price pressures continue easing. The latest data provides credibility to the idea that the Fed’s rapid rate hikes since March, which have raised its benchmark to a 15-year high, have begun achieving their intended effect of reining in demand and cooling the economy enough to tame inflation back toward manageable levels.

Still Cautious on Further Easing

However, Fed officials stressed that rates will still need to remain at restrictive levels for some time to ensure inflation continues descending toward the central bank’s 2% target.

New York Fed President John Williams said Thursday he expects inflation to keep drifting lower, finally hitting the Fed’s goal by 2025. But he emphasized rates will likely need to stay elevated until then to completely quell price pressures.

Other Fed policymakers also struck a cautious tone on prematurely ending rate hikes before inflation is convincingly on a path back towards the 2% goal. Many noted that while price increases may be peaking, inflation remains stubbornly high and consumer demand continues holding up more than feared despite rapid rate rises this year.

Moderating Labor Market Could Allow Rate Cuts

There were some early signs in Thursday’s data that the torrid job market may also finally be cooling slightly after persisting at unsustainable levels through much of the year.

The report showed continuing jobless claims climbed to 1.93 million in mid-November, their highest mark since November 2021. The number of Americans applying for ongoing unemployment benefits has risen by more than 80,000 since October.

While still historically low, the increase could provide Fed officials confidence that their rate hikes have begun not only slowing demand and price growth, but also easing excessively tight labor market conditions they have said contributed to rapid wage and inflation surges.

An easing job market that reduces wage pressures could give the Fed leeway next year to shift their priority toward sustaining growth and cut rates to spur a slowing economy, especially as other inflationary pressures subside.

Consumers Keeping Pace For Now

On the growth side, the report showed some signs of resilience among consumers even in the face of elevated inflation and rising borrowing costs.

Personal income and consumer spending both edged up 0.2% in October, indicating households are so far keeping pace with rising prices digging into their paychecks. Services like travel and healthcare saw particularly solid spending last month.

Surveys show consumers remain relatively upbeat thanks to still-ample savings and solid income growth. But many Fed officials have noted anecdotally that households appear to be pulling back spending more than aggregate data indicates so far. Any sharper-than-expected deceleration in consumer demand would give policymakers leeway to pivot toward supporting growth.

Eyes on Services Inflation

Some economists noted that while goods prices have cooled sharply from peaks last year amid improving supply issues, services costs remain stubbornly high for now as resilience in consumer demand combined with rising wage growth enables firms to pass higher labor expenses to customers.

“Inflation is moderating with goods prices leading the charge,” said economist Nancy Vanden Houten of Oxford Economics. But she said core services costs actually ticked up in October, bearing monitoring to ensure price stability as the economy shifts more toward services consumption over goods.

With strong income gains and accumulated savings still underpinning spending for now, officials emphasized rates may need to stay higher for longer to ensure the progress made on easing price pressures sticks.

“I expect it will be appropriate to maintain a restrictive stance for quite some me to fully restore balance and to bring inflation back to our 2 percent longer-run goal on a sustained basis,” said the New York Fed’s Williams on Thursday.

Fed Signals No Rate Cuts Coming Despite Recession Fears

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Despite growing fears of an impending recession, the Federal Reserve is showing no signs of pivoting towards interest rate cuts any time soon, according to minutes from the central bank’s early-November policy meeting.

The minutes underscored Fed officials’ steadfast commitment to taming inflation through restrictive monetary policy, even as markets widely expect rate cuts to begin in the first half of 2024.

“The fact is, the Committee is not thinking about rate cuts right now at all,” Fed Chair Jerome Powell asserted bluntly in his post-meeting press conference.

The summary of discussions revealed Fed policymakers believe keeping rates elevated will be “critical” to hit their 2% inflation target over time. And it gave no indication that the group even considered the appropriate timing for eventually lowering rates from the current range of 5.25-5.50%, the highest since 2000.

Despite investors betting on cuts starting in May, the minutes signaled the Fed intends to stand firm and base upcoming policy moves solely on incoming data, rather than forecasts. Officials stressed the need for “persistently restrictive” policy to curb price increases.

Still, Fed leaders acknowledged they must remain nimble in response to shifting financial conditions or economic trajectories that could alter the monetary path.

Surging Treasury Yields Garner Attention

This balanced posture comes after the early-November gathering saw extensive debate around rapidly rising Treasury yields, as 10-year rates hit fresh 15-year highs over 4.3%.

The minutes linked this upward pressure on benchmark yields to several key drivers, including increased Treasury issuance to finance swelling federal deficits.

Analysts say the Fed’s aggressive rate hikes are also forcing up yields on government bonds. Meanwhile, any hints around the Fed’s own policy outlook can sway rate expectations.

Fed participants decided higher term premiums rooted in fundamental supply and demand forces do not necessarily warrant a response. However, the reaction in financial markets will require vigilant monitoring in case yield spikes impact the real economy.

Moderating Growth, Elevated Inflation Still Loom

Despite the tightening already underway, the minutes paint a picture of an economy still battling high inflation even as growth shows signs of slowing markedly.

Participants expect a significant deceleration from the third quarter’s 4.9% GDP growth pace. And they see rising risks of below-trend expansion looking ahead.

Nevertheless, on inflation, officials suggested hazards remain tilted to the upside. Price increases slowed to a still-high 7.7% annual clip in October per CPI data, but stickier components like rents and services have been slower to relent.

The Fed’s preferred PCE inflation gauge has also moderated over recent months. But at 3.7% annually in September, it remains well above the rigid 2% target.

Considering lags in policy impacts, the minutes indicated Fed officials believe the cumulative effect of 375 basis points worth of interest rate hikes this year should help restore price stability over the medium term.

Markets Still Misaligned with Fed’s Outlook

Despite the Fed’s clear messaging, futures markets continue to forecast rate cuts commencing in the first half of 2023. Traders are betting on a recession forcing the Fed’s hand.

However, several Fed policymakers have recently pushed back on expectations for near-term policy pivots.

For now, the Fed seems inclined to stick to its guns, rather than bowing to market hopes or economic worries. With inflation still unacceptably high amid a strong jobs market, policymakers are staying the course on rate hikes for the foreseeable future, according to the latest minutes.

Millions of Gig Workers May Be Missing from Monthly Jobs Data

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Each month the U.S. Labor Department releases its closely-watched jobs report, providing key employment statistics that the Federal Reserve monitors to gauge the health of the economy. However, new research suggests these monthly figures may be significantly undercounting workers, specifically those in the rising “gig economy.”

Economists estimate the undercount could range from hundreds of thousands to as many as 13 million gig workers. This discrepancy suggests the labor market may be even tighter than the official statistics indicate, allowing more room for employment growth before hitting problematic levels of inflation.

Gig Workers Slip Through the Cracks

Gig workers, such as Uber drivers, freelancers, and casual laborers, often don’t consider themselves part of the workforce or even “employed” in the traditional sense. As a result, when responding to government labor surveys, they fail to identify themselves as active participants in the job market.

Researchers Anat Bracha and Mary Burke examined this response pattern by comparing informal work surveys with standard employment surveys. They uncovered a troubling gap where potentially millions of gig workers get missed each month in the jobs data.

For the Fed, Underestimating Tightness Raises Risks

For the Federal Reserve, accurate employment statistics are critical to promoting its dual mandate of stable prices and maximum employment. If the labor market is tighter than the data suggests, it could force Fed policymakers to act more aggressively with interest rate hikes to ward off inflationary pressures.

An undercount means the economy likely has more remaining labor supply before hitting problematic levels of inflation-fueling tightness. With more Americans able to work productively without triggering price hikes, the Fed may not need to cool off the job market as quickly.

Implications for Fed Policy Decisions

In recent years, the Fed has dramatically revised its estimates for full employment to account for the lack of rising inflation despite ultra-low unemployment. Recognizing millions more gig workers could further adjust views on labor market capacity.

According to the researchers, the uncounted gig workers indicate the economy has had more room to grow without excessive inflation than recognized. As a result, they argue the Fed’s benchmark for tight labor markets could be revised upwards, allowing for less aggressive rate hikes.

Gig Workforce Expected to Expand Post-Pandemic

The gig economy workforce has swelled over the past decade. But the COVID-19 pandemic triggered massive layoffs, confusing estimates of its true size.

As the economy rebounds, gig work is expected to continue expanding. Younger generations show a preference for the flexibility of gig roles over traditional 9-to-5 employment. Moreover, companies are incentivized to hire temporary contract laborers to reduce benefit costs.

Accurately capturing this crucial and expanding segment of the workforce in monthly jobs data is necessary for the Fed to make informed policy moves. The research highlights an urgent need to refine labor survey approaches to avoid missteps.

Adapting Surveys to Evolve with the Economy

Government surveys designed decades ago need to adapt to reflect the rapidly changing nature of work. Respondents should be explicitly asked whether they engage in gig work and probed on their monthly hours and earnings.

Modernizing measurement approaches could reveal a hidden bounty of untapped labor supply and productivity from gig workers. With more accurate insight into true employment levels, the Fed can better balance its dual goals and promote an economy that benefits all Americans.

Powell Hints at Potential for More Rate Hikes

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell doused investor hopes of a near-term pause in interest rate hikes, stating “we are not confident that we have achieved such a stance” that would allow inflation to drift down towards the Fed’s 2% target.

In remarks at an International Monetary Fund event, Powell said bringing inflation sustainably down to 2% still has “a long way to go”. His tone cast serious doubt on market expectations that the Fed is almost done raising rates in this cycle.

Traders have priced in a greater than 90% chance of just a 25 basis point December hike, followed by rate cuts commencing in mid-2023. But Powell stressed the Fed stands ready to tighten policy further if economic conditions warrant.

Powell acknowledged recent positive developments, including moderating inflation readings, strong GDP growth, and improvements in supply chains. However, he noted it is unclear how much more progress supply-side factors can drive.

That puts the onus on the Fed to ensure slowing demand prevents inflation from reaccelerating. Powell made clear the Fed will stay the course, even if that means defying market hopes for a dovish pivot.

How High Could Rates Go?

Markets are currently priced for Fed Funds to peak under 5% after a quarter point December increase. But Powell’s insistence on not letting up prematurely raises the specter of a higher terminal rate.

If strong economic reports continue showing robust consumer spending and tight labor markets, the Fed may opt for 50 basis points in December. That would leave rates squarely in the 5-5.25% range, with more hikes possible in early 2023 if inflation persists.

Powell was adamant the Fed cannot be swayed by a few months of data, given the fickle nature of inflation. Premature rate cuts could allow inflation to become re-entrenched, requiring even more aggressive hikes down the road.

With Powell determined to avoid that scenario, investors may need to brace for interest rates cresting above current expectations before the Fed finally stops tightening.

Growth and Jobs Still Too Hot?

Behind Powell’s hawkish messaging is a still-hot economy that could be fueling inflation pressures beneath the surface. The U.S. unemployment rate remains near 50-year lows at 3.7%, with job openings still far exceeding available workers.

Meanwhile, GDP growth rebounded to a strong 2.6% rate in the third quarter, defying recession predictions. Consumer spending has remained remarkably resilient as well.

Powell recognizes the Fed may need to cool economic activity more meaningfully to align demand with constrained supply. That explains his lack of confidence on inflation without further rate increases.

Markets move lower after Powell cools pivot hopes

Stock indexes immediately turned lower following Powell’s remarks, with the Dow shedding around 200 points. Treasury yields also spiked as expectations for longer-term Fed hikes intensified.

Powell succeeded in resetting market assumptions, making clear the Fed has no intentions of reversing course anytime soon just because inflation has shown initial signs of improvement.

Until policymakers have high confidence lasting 2% inflation is in sight, Powell indicated the Fed’s tightening campaign will continue. That may disappoint stock and bond investors banking on rate cuts next year, but fighting inflation remains Powell’s top priority.

With the Fed Chair throwing cold water on pivot hopes, markets will likely undergo a reassessment of just how high the Fed may yet raise rates. Powell’s tone hints investors should brace for more tightening ahead, even if that delays the desired easing cycle.

Stocks Surge as End of Fed Hikes Comes Into View

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

A buoyant optimism filled Wall Street on Thursday as investors interpreted the Fed’s latest decision to stand pat on rates as a sign the end of the hiking cycle may be near. The Nasdaq leapt 1.5% while the S&P 500 and Dow climbed nearly 1.25% each as traders priced in dwindling odds of additional tightening.

While Fed Chair Jerome Powell stressed future moves would depend on the data, markets increasingly see one more increase at most, not the restrictive 5-5.25% peak projected earlier. The CME FedWatch tool shows only a 20% chance of a December hike, down from 46% before the Fed meeting.

The prospect of peak rates arriving sparked a “risk-on” mindset. Tech stocks which suffered during 2023’s relentless bumps upward powered Thursday’s rally. Apple rose over 3% ahead of its highly anticipated earnings report. The iPhone maker’s results will offer clues into consumer spending and China demand trends.

Treasury yields fell in tandem with rate hike expectations. The 10-year yield dipped under 4.6%, nearing its early October lows. As monetary policy tightening fears ease, bonds become more attractive.

Meanwhile, Thursday’s batch of earnings updates proved a mixed bag. Starbucks and Shopify impressed with better than forecast reports showcasing resilient demand and progress on cost discipline. Shopify even managed to eke out a quarterly profit thanks to AI-driven optimization.

Both stocks gained over 10%, extending gains for October’s worst sectors – consumer discretionary and tech. But biotech Moderna plunged nearly 20% on underwhelming COVID vaccine sales guidance. With demand waning amid relaxed restrictions, Moderna expects revenue weakness to persist.

Still, markets found enough earnings bright spots to sustain optimism around what many now view as the Fed’s endgame. Bets on peak rates mark a momentous shift from earlier gloom over soaring inflation and relentless hiking.

Savoring the End of Hiking Anxiety

Just six weeks ago, recession alarm bells were clanging loudly. The S&P 500 seemed destined to retest its June lows after a brief summer rally crumbled. The Nasdaq lagged badly as the Fed’s hawkish resolve dashed hopes of a policy pivot.

But September’s surprisingly low inflation reading marked a turning point in sentiment. Rate hike fears moderated and stocks found firmer footing. Even with some residual CPI and jobs gains worrying hawkish Fed members, investors are increasingly looking past isolated data points.

Thursday’s rally revealed a market eager to rotate toward the next major focus: peak rates. With the terminal level now potentially in view, attention turns to the timing and magnitude of rate cuts once inflation falls further.

Markets are ready to move on from monetary policy uncertainty and regain the upside mentality that supported stocks for so long. The Nasdaq’s outperformance shows traders positioning for a soft landing rather than bracing for recession impact.

Challenges Remain, but a Peak Brings Relief

Reaching peak rates won’t instantly cure all market ills, however. Geopolitical turmoil, supply chain snarls, and the strong dollar all linger as headwinds. Corporate earnings face pressure from margins strained by high costs and waning demand.

And valuations may reset lower in sectors like tech that got ahead of themselves when easy money flowed freely. But putting an endpoint on the rate rollercoaster will remove the largest overhang on sentiment and allow fundamentals to reassert influence.

With peak rates cementing a dovish pivot ahead, optimism can return. The bear may not yet retreat fully into hibernation, but its claws will dull. As long as the economic foundation holds, stocks have room to rebuild confidence now that the end is in sight.

Of course, the Fed could always surprise hawkishly if inflation persists. But Thursday showed a market ready to look ahead with hopes the firehose of rate hikes shutting off will allow a modest new bull run to take shape in 2024.

September Sees Record Lows in Home Sales

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

The US housing market continues to show signs of a significant downturn, with existing home sales in September dropping to the slowest pace since October 2010. This marks a 15.4% decline compared to September 2022, according to new data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR).

The sharp drop in home sales highlights how rising mortgage rates and declining affordability are severely impacting the housing market. The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate now sits around 8%, more than double what it was just a year ago. This rapid surge in borrowing costs has priced many buyers out of the market, especially first-time homebuyers.

Only 27% of September home sales went to first-time buyers, well below the historical norm of 40%. Many simply cannot afford today’s high home prices and mortgage payments. As a result, sales activity has fallen dramatically. The current sales pace of 3.96 million units annualized is down markedly from over 6 million just two years ago, when rates were around 3%.

At the same time, inventory remains extremely tight. There were just 1.13 million existing homes available for sale at the end of September, an over 8% decline from last year. This persistent shortage of homes for sale continues to put upward pressure on prices. The median sales price in September hit $394,300, up 2.8% from a year ago.

While higher prices are squeezing buyers, they are not denting demand enough to significantly expand inventory. Many current homeowners are reluctant to sell and give up their ultra-low mortgage rates. This dynamic is keeping the market undersupplied, even as sales cool.

Not all buyers are impacted equally by higher rates. Sales have held up better on the upper end of the market, while declining sharply for mid-priced and affordable homes. This divergence reflects that high-end buyers often have more financial flexibility, including the ability to purchase in cash.

All-cash sales represented 29% of transactions in September, up notably from 22% a year earlier. Wealthier buyers with financial assets can better absorb higher borrowing costs. In contrast, first-time buyers and middle-income Americans are being squeezed the most by rate hikes.

Looking ahead, the housing slowdown is likely to persist and potentially worsen. Mortgage applications are now at their lowest level since 1995, signaling very weak demand ahead. And while inflation has eased slightly, the Federal Reserve is still expected to continue raising interest rates further to combat it.

Higher rates mean reduced affordability and housing activity, especially if home prices remain elevated due to limited inventory. This perfect storm in the housing market points to significant headwinds for the broader economy going forward.

The housing sector has historically been a key driver of economic growth in the US. But with sales and construction activity slowing substantially, it may act as a drag on GDP growth in coming quarters. Combined with declining affordability, fewer homes being purchased also means less spending on furniture, renovations, and other housing-related items.

Some analysts believe the Fed’s aggressive rate hikes will ultimately tip the economy into a recession. The depth of the housing market downturn so far this year does not bode well from a macroeconomic perspective. It signals households are pulling back materially on major purchases, which could contribute to a broader economic contraction.

While no significant recovery is expected in the near-term, lower demand could eventually help rebalance the market. As sales moderate, competitive bidding may ease, taking some pressure off prices. And if economic conditions worsen substantially, the Fed may again reverse course on interest rates. But for now, the housing sector appears poised for more weakness ahead. Homebuyers and investors should brace for ongoing volatility and uncertainty.

Inflation Battle Goes On: Powell’s Reassuring Message from the Fed

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell reiterated the central bank’s determination to bring down inflation in a speech today, even as he acknowledged potential economic risks from sustained high interest rates. His remarks underline the Fed’s unwavering focus on price stability despite emerging signs of an economic slowdown.

While noting welcome data showing inflation may be starting to cool, Powell stressed it was too early to determine a downward trend. He stated forcefully that inflation remains “too high”, requiring ongoing policy resolve from the Fed to return it to the 2% target.

Powell hinted the path to lower inflation likely entails a period of below-trend economic growth and softening labor market conditions. With jobless claims recently hitting a three-month low, the robust job market could exert persistent upward pressure on prices. Powell indicated weaker growth may be necessary to rebalance supply and demand and quell wage-driven inflation.

His remarks mirror other Fed officials who have suggested a growth sacrifice may be required to decisively curb inflation. The comments reflect Powell’s primary focus on price stability amid the worst outbreak of inflation in over 40 years. He admitted the path to lower inflation will likely prove bumpy and take time.

Powell stated the Fed will base policy moves on incoming data, risks, and the evolving outlook. But he stressed officials are united in their commitment to the inflation mandate. Additional evidence of strong economic growth or persistent labor market tightness could necessitate further rate hikes.

Markets widely expect the Fed to pause rate increases for now, after aggressively raising the federal funds rate this year from near zero to a current target range of 3.75%-4%. But Powell avoided any definitive signal on the future policy path. His remarks leave the door open to additional tightening if high inflation persists.

The speech underscores the Fed’s data-dependent approach while maintaining flexibility in either direction. Powell emphasized officials will proceed carefully in evaluating when to halt rate hikes and eventually ease monetary policy. The Fed faces heightened risks now of overtightening into a potential recession or undertightening if inflation remains stubbornly high.

After being accused of misreading rapidly rising inflation last year, Powell stressed the importance of policy consistency and avoiding premature pivots. A sustainable return to the 2% goal will require ongoing tight monetary policy for some time, even as economic headwinds strengthen.

Still, Powell acknowledged the uncertainties in the outlook given myriad economic crosscurrents. While rate hikes will continue slowing growth, easing supply chain strains and improving global trade could help counter those drags next year. And robust household savings could cushion consumer spending despite higher rates.

But Powell made clear the Fed will not declare victory prematurely given the persistence of inflation. Officials remain firmly committed to policy firming until convincing evidence demonstrates inflation moving down sustainably toward the target. Only then can the Fed safely conclude its aggressive tightening cycle.

For investors, Powell’s speech signals monetary policy will likely remain restrictive for some time, though the ultimate peak in rates remains uncertain. Markets should prepare for extended volatility as the Fed responds to evolving economic data. With risks tilted toward policy tightness, interest-sensitive assets could face ongoing pressure.

Investors Await Powell’s Speech for Cues on Future Rate Hikes

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell is set to deliver a closely watched speech on Thursday before the Economic Club of New York that could offer critical guidance on the future path of monetary policy.

Markets are looking for clarity from Powell on how the Fed plans to balance improving inflation data against surging Treasury yields and risks of recession. His remarks come at a precarious time – inflation shows early signs of easing but remains well above the Fed’s 2% target, while rapidly rising interest rates threaten to slow economic growth.

Powell faces the tricky task of conveying that the Fed remains vigilant in combating inflation while avoiding cementing expectations for further aggressive rate hikes that could hammer markets.

“Powell has to present himself to investors as the dispassionate neutral leader and allow others to be more aggressive,” said Jeffrey Roach, chief economist at LPL Financial. “They’re not going to declare victory, and that is one reason why Powell is going to continue to talk somewhat hawkish.”

Cues from within the Fed have been mixed recently. Several officials, including Philadelphia Fed President Patrick Harker, have advocated holding fire on rate hikes temporarily to evaluate incoming data. This “wait and see” approach comes after a torrent of large rate increases this year, with the Fed Funds rate now sitting at a 15-year high of 3.75%-4%.

But hawkish voices like New York Fed President John Williams insist the Fed must keep policy restrictive for some time to combat inflation. Markets hope Powell will provide definitive guidance on the prevailing consensus within the central bank.

Policymakers are navigating a complex environment. Inflation data has been gradually improving from 40-year highs earlier this year. But inflation expectations remain uncomfortably high, pointing to the need for further tightening.

“Powell has to present the recent inflation data as welcome news, but not evidence that the job is done,” said Ryan Sweet, chief U.S. economist at Oxford Economics. “The Fed still has more work to do.”

At the same time, the rapid rise in Treasury yields in recent weeks has already tightened financial conditions substantially. Another massive rate hike could be unnecessary overkill.

According to Krishna Guha of Evercore ISI, Powell will likely underscore “that the data has been coming in stronger than expected, but there has also been a big move in yields, which has tightened financial conditions, so no urgency for a policy response in November.”

Markets are currently pricing in a 65% chance that rates remain on hold at next month’s policy meeting. But there is still roughly a one-in-three chance of another 0.75 percentage point hike.

All eyes will be parsing Powell’s speech for any clues or direct guidance on the Fed’s next steps. While he is expected to avoid concrete commitments, his language choices will be dissected for shifts in tone or any hints at changes in thinking around the policy trajectory.

Powell’s remarks will also be scrutinized for takeaways on how long the Fed may need to keep rates elevated before ultimately cutting. Luke Tilley of Wilmington Trust expects Powell “to keep talking about staying vigilant” and the need for rates to remain higher for longer to ensure inflation comes down sustainably.

With growing recession fears on Main Street and Wall Street, Powell faces a defining moment to communicate a clear roadmap of where monetary policy is headed, while retaining flexibility. Walking this tightrope will be critical to shoring up the Fed’s credibility and avoiding unnecessary market turmoil.

All eyes are on the Fed chair tomorrow as investors and economists eagerly await guidance from the man himself holding the levers over the world’s most influential interest rate.