Tag: Jerome Powell

Fed’s “Recalibration” Explained: Shifting Monetary Policy for Economic Stability

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com
Key Points
– Fed Chair Powell introduces the term “recalibration” to describe current monetary policy adjustments.
– The recalibration aims to maintain economic expansion and safeguard the labor market.
– The move reflects a shift from a rigid inflation focus to balancing economic growth.

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell introduced a new term—“recalibration”—to describe a significant shift in the central bank’s monetary policy following its latest decision to cut interest rates. At a press conference after the recent Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting, Powell used the term to explain the Federal Reserve’s decision to reduce rates by 50 basis points without signs of major economic distress. The recalibration signals a transition from aggressive inflation-targeting measures toward a broader focus on maintaining economic expansion and securing a healthy labor market.

The half-point rate cut surprised markets and marked the first major rate cut beyond the typical 25 basis points in recent memory. Asset prices responded positively, with both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 soaring to new highs. Investors took Powell’s recalibration narrative as a sign that the Fed is not panicking about the economy but instead taking preemptive measures to keep growth on track.

Economists, such as PGIM’s Tom Porcelli, pointed out that the recalibration allows the Fed to communicate that this easing cycle is about extending economic growth, not reacting to an imminent recession. This broader narrative shift gives the Fed more flexibility in its rate-cutting strategy, focusing on stabilizing the labor market while inflation moves closer to the 2% target.

Powell’s recalibration rhetoric also marks a clear distinction from previous buzzwords that haven’t always aged well. For instance, his infamous claim that inflation was “transitory” in 2021 eventually backfired as the Fed had to embark on an aggressive rate hike cycle. This new approach, however, aims to prevent any further economic slowdown, making adjustments in anticipation rather than reaction.

Some analysts, like JPMorgan’s Michael Feroli, still expect further rate cuts if the labor market continues to soften. Indeed, Powell emphasized that the recalibration is meant to “support the labor market” before any substantial downturn. While the economy remains relatively healthy, job creation has slowed recently, giving further justification for the recalibration.

Ultimately, Powell’s recalibration represents a shift in the Fed’s policy approach, focusing on broader economic health rather than just inflation control. Markets remain optimistic that this approach will provide stability and fuel further economic expansion.

Fed Lowers Interest Rates by Half Point in First Cut Since 2020

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com
Key Points:
– The Federal Reserve cuts interest rates by 50 basis points to a range of 4.75%-5.0%.
– Two additional rate cuts are expected later this year, with four more in 2025.
– The decision reflects concerns about a slowing labor market and confidence in inflation returning to target levels.

The Federal Reserve cut interest rates by half a percentage point on Wednesday, marking its first rate reduction since 2020. This shift signals the conclusion of the Fed’s most aggressive inflation-fighting campaign since the 1980s. With this cut, the central bank’s benchmark interest rate now stands at a new range of 4.75%-5.0%, ending the 23-year high range it held since July 2023. The decision was part of the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC) two-day policy meeting.

This rate cut comes amid mounting concerns over the slowing U.S. labor market and the Fed’s renewed confidence in inflation trending downward. Employment data for the summer reflected weaker job growth, with only 118,000 jobs created in June, followed by 89,000 in July and 142,000 in August—well below the monthly average from the previous year. Fed Chair Jerome Powell emphasized the need to support a strong labor market while continuing to work toward stable prices.

Fed officials are now projecting two more 25-basis point cuts before the end of the year, followed by four more cuts in 2025, creating a path for a total of six additional cuts in the coming years. While the decision was not unanimous, with Fed Governor Michelle Bowman preferring a smaller 25-basis point cut, the majority consensus agreed on a more aggressive approach.

Inflation, which had surged following the pandemic, has shown signs of cooling in recent months. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) has consistently reported progress, with inflation now nearing the Fed’s long-term target of 2%. This, combined with the weaker labor market, has given the Fed confidence to make this significant cut.

Jerome Powell’s comments at Jackson Hole in August hinted at the possibility of such a move. He stressed that the Fed would do everything possible to support a strong labor market and indicated that the central bank had the flexibility to lower rates further if needed. Wednesday’s decision reflects the Fed’s focus on both inflation and employment as key factors influencing future monetary policy.

Despite the easing of inflation, the Fed has remained cautious, signaling that while they expect inflation to continue its downward trend, they are still closely monitoring economic data. Officials also updated projections, predicting an uptick in the unemployment rate to 4.4% and stable economic growth of 2% for the next two years.

As investors and businesses adjust to the new monetary landscape, the Fed’s rate cut is expected to influence borrowing costs, stock market activity, and broader economic behavior. The next steps, as outlined by the central bank, will depend heavily on incoming data related to inflation and employment.

Fed Poised for First Rate Cut in Four Years as Market Speculates on Scale

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com
Key Points:
– Investors expect the Fed to cut rates for the first time in four years.
– A 50 basis point cut is increasingly seen as possible, but a 25 basis point cut is more likely.
– The Fed will also provide guidance on future rate cuts and the economic outlook.

The Federal Reserve is set to cut interest rates for the first time in four years, marking a pivotal moment in its monetary policy approach. Investors and market analysts are divided on the expected size of the cut. Recent market moves suggest a growing possibility of a 50 basis point reduction, though a more conservative 25 basis point cut seems more likely, according to comments from several Federal Reserve officials.

The cut, which will bring the Federal Funds rate down to a range of 5.0% to 5.25%, represents a shift from the Fed’s aggressive inflation-fighting stance. The central bank has been steadily raising rates since 2022 to combat rising prices, but as inflation has started to slow, the Fed has turned its attention toward stabilizing the labor market and supporting economic growth.

According to Wilmington Trust bond trader Wilmer Stith, a 50 basis point cut, while a possibility, is still uncertain. He noted that a more moderate 25 basis point reduction might be the more palatable option for the Fed’s policy committee.

Recent economic data, including cooling inflation numbers, have spurred calls for a larger cut. However, the Fed remains cautious, emphasizing that it will continue to monitor the labor market and broader economic trends to determine the best course of action for future cuts.

Chief economist Michael Feroli from JPMorgan has called for a more aggressive 50 basis point cut, arguing that the shift in risks justifies a bolder move. He believes that the central bank needs to recalibrate its policy to maintain economic stability. Conversely, former Kansas City Fed president Esther George expects a more modest quarter-point cut, noting that the Fed might use this opportunity to signal the potential for deeper cuts later in the year.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell has emphasized the importance of sustaining a strong labor market, pledging to do everything possible to avoid further deterioration. He has expressed concern over economic weakening and stressed that the Fed has sufficient room to cut rates if needed to support the economy. However, Powell also acknowledged that inflationary pressures have started to ease, and that gives the central bank flexibility.

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will also release updated projections for unemployment, inflation, and economic growth alongside the rate decision. These forecasts, particularly the “dot plot” outlining future rate expectations, will provide important guidance on the central bank’s approach to monetary policy through the end of the year and into 2025.

Investors will be watching closely, with the potential for deeper cuts likely to influence market sentiment. Powell’s press conference following the rate decision is expected to shed light on the Fed’s next moves, offering insights into how aggressively the central bank will act to safeguard the economy from potential recession risks.

Wall Street Panic Forces Powell’s Hand – Will He Cut Rates?

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

As of August 5, 2024, the Federal Reserve finds itself under increasing pressure to take more aggressive action on interest rates amid growing concerns about the U.S. economy and heightened market volatility. The recent sell-off on Wall Street, coupled with a disappointing July jobs report, has intensified calls for the central bank to accelerate its rate-cutting plans.

The latest employment data released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed the U.S. economy added only 114,000 nonfarm payroll jobs in July, falling short of the 175,000 expected by economists. Moreover, the unemployment rate climbed to 4.3%, its highest level since October 2021. These figures have reignited fears of an economic slowdown and potential recession.

In response to these developments, market expectations for Fed action have shifted dramatically. Traders are now pricing in more aggressive rate cuts, anticipating half-percentage-point reductions in both September and November, followed by an additional quarter-point cut in December. This marks a significant change from previous expectations of two quarter-point cuts for the remainder of 2024.

Some prominent voices on Wall Street are even calling for more immediate action. JPMorgan chief economist Michael Feroli suggests there is a “strong case to act before September,” indicating that the Fed may be “materially behind the curve.” Feroli expects a 50-basis-point cut at the September meeting, followed by another 50-basis-point reduction in November.

However, not all experts agree on the need for such aggressive measures. Wilmer Stith, bond portfolio manager for Wilmington Trust, believes an inter-meeting rate cut is unlikely, as it might further spook investors. Wells Fargo’s Brian Rehling echoes this sentiment, stating that while the situation could deteriorate rapidly, the Fed is not at the point of needing an emergency rate cut.

The pressure on the Fed comes just days after its most recent policy meeting, where Chair Jerome Powell and his colleagues decided to keep rates at a 23-year high. This decision has been questioned by some observers who believe the Fed should have acted sooner to get ahead of a slowing economy.

Powell, for his part, appeared dismissive of the idea of a 50-basis-point cut during last week’s press conference. However, he will have another opportunity to address monetary policy in about two weeks at the Fed’s annual symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

As market participants anxiously await further guidance, the debate over the appropriate pace and timing of rate cuts continues. Some strategists, like Baird’s Ross Mayfield, believe a 50-basis-point rate cut should be on the table for the September meeting.

The coming weeks will be crucial as policymakers digest incoming economic data and assess the need for more aggressive action. With three more Fed meetings scheduled for this year, there remains ample opportunity for the central bank to adjust its stance.

As the situation evolves, all eyes will be on economic indicators, Fed communications, and market reactions. The interplay between these factors will be critical in determining the trajectory of monetary policy and the broader economic outlook for the remainder of 2024 and beyond.

Fed Holds Steady on Rates, Signals Progress on Inflation

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com
Key Points:
– Federal Reserve maintains interest rates at 5.25%-5.5%
– Statement indicates progress towards 2% inflation target
– Fed Chair Powell suggests potential rate cut as early as September

The Federal Reserve held its benchmark interest rate steady on Wednesday, July 31, 2024, while signaling that inflation is moving closer to its 2% target. This decision, made unanimously by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), keeps the federal funds rate at a 23-year high of 5.25%-5.5%.

In its post-meeting statement, the Fed noted “some further progress” toward its inflation objective, a slight upgrade from previous language. The committee also stated that risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals “continue to move into better balance,” suggesting a more optimistic outlook on the economic landscape.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell, in his press conference, opened the door to potential rate cuts, stating that a reduction “could be on the table as soon as the next meeting in September” if economic data shows continued easing of inflation. This comment sparked a rally in the stock market, with investors interpreting it as a sign of a potential shift in monetary policy.

Despite these hints at future easing, the Fed maintained its stance that it does not expect to reduce rates until it has “gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent.” This language underscores the Fed’s data-dependent approach and reluctance to commit to a predetermined course of action.

Recent economic indicators have presented a mixed picture. While inflation has cooled from its mid-2022 peak, with the Fed’s preferred measure, the personal consumption expenditures price index, showing inflation around 2.5% annually, other gauges indicate slightly higher readings. The economy has shown resilience, with GDP growing at a 2.8% annualized rate in the second quarter, surpassing expectations.

The labor market, while still robust with a 4.1% unemployment rate, has shown signs of cooling. The ADP report released on the same day indicated slower private sector job growth in July, with wages increasing at their slowest pace in three years. This data, along with the Labor Department’s report of slowing wage and benefit cost increases, provides some positive signals on the inflation front.

However, the Fed’s decision to maintain high interest rates comes amid concerns about the economy’s ability to withstand such elevated borrowing costs for an extended period. Some sectors, like the housing market, have shown surprising resilience, with pending home sales surging 4.8% in June, defying expectations.

As the Fed continues to navigate the complex economic landscape, market participants will be closely watching for further signs of policy shifts. The September meeting now looms large on the horizon, with the potential for the first rate cut in years if inflation data continues to trend favorably.

For now, the Fed’s cautious approach and data-dependent stance remain intact, as it seeks to balance its dual mandate of price stability and maximum employment in an ever-evolving economic environment.

Fed Chair Powell Signals Potential Rate Cuts as Inflation Eases

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

In a significant shift of tone, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell hinted at the possibility of interest rate cuts in the near future, contingent on continued positive economic data. Speaking before the Senate Banking Committee on Tuesday, Powell’s remarks reflect growing confidence within the central bank that inflation is moving towards its 2% target, potentially paving the way for a more accommodative monetary policy.

Powell’s testimony comes at a crucial juncture for the U.S. economy. After a period of aggressive rate hikes aimed at combating soaring inflation, the Fed now finds itself in a delicate balancing act. On one hand, it must ensure that inflation continues its downward trajectory. On the other, it must be wary of keeping rates too high for too long, which could risk stifling economic growth and employment.

“After a lack of progress toward our 2% inflation objective in the early part of this year, the most recent monthly readings have shown modest further progress,” Powell stated. He added that “more good data would strengthen our confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2%.” This cautious optimism marks a notable shift from the Fed’s previous stance and suggests that the central bank is increasingly open to the idea of rate cuts.

The timing of Powell’s comments is particularly significant, coming just days before the release of crucial economic data. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for June is set to be published on Thursday, providing the latest snapshot of inflationary pressures in the economy. Many analysts anticipate another weak reading, following May’s flat CPI, which could further bolster the case for monetary easing.

Powell’s testimony also addressed the state of the labor market. The most recent jobs report showed the addition of 206,000 jobs in June, indicating a still-robust employment situation. However, the rising unemployment rate, now at 4.1%, suggests a gradual cooling of the job market. Powell characterized this as a “still low level” but noted the importance of striking a balance between inflation control and maintaining economic vitality.

“In light of the progress made both in lowering inflation and in cooling the labor market over the past two years, elevated inflation is not the only risk we face,” Powell cautioned. He emphasized that keeping policy too tight for an extended period “could unduly weaken economic activity and employment.”

These remarks have significant implications for market expectations. Investors are now pricing in a roughly 70% probability of a rate cut by September, a substantial increase from previous projections. At the Fed’s June meeting, the median projection among officials was for just a single quarter-point rate cut by the end of the year. However, recent weaker-than-expected inflation data has shifted these expectations.

Powell’s comments also touch on broader economic conditions. He described the current period of economic growth as remaining “solid” with “robust” private demand and improved overall supply conditions. Additionally, he noted a “pickup in residential investment,” suggesting potential easing in the housing market, which has been a significant contributor to inflationary pressures.

The Fed Chair’s testimony comes against the backdrop of an approaching presidential election in November, adding a political dimension to the central bank’s decisions. The timing and extent of any rate cuts are likely to become talking points in the election campaign, highlighting the delicate position the Fed occupies at the intersection of economics and politics.

As the Fed navigates this complex economic landscape, Powell’s words signal a cautious but increasingly optimistic outlook. The central bank appears ready to pivot towards a more accommodative stance, provided incoming data continues to support such a move. With crucial inflation figures due later this week and the next Fed meeting scheduled for July 30-31, all eyes will be on economic indicators and subsequent Fed communications for further clues about the future direction of monetary policy.

The coming months promise to be a critical period for the U.S. economy, as the Federal Reserve seeks to engineer a soft landing – bringing inflation under control without triggering a recession. Powell’s latest comments suggest that this challenging goal may be within reach, but the path forward remains fraught with potential pitfalls and uncertainties.

Fed’s Powell Signals Extended High-Rate Environment

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell’s recent comments at a central banking forum in Sintra, Portugal, have given investors fresh insights into the Fed’s thinking on interest rates and inflation. While acknowledging progress in the battle against inflation, Powell’s cautious tone suggests that investors should prepare for a more measured approach to monetary policy easing than many had initially anticipated.

Powell’s remarks highlight the delicate balance the Fed is trying to strike. On one hand, inflation has shown signs of cooling, with the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index – the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge – declining to a 2.6% annual rate in May. This represents significant progress from the 4% rate seen a year ago. However, it’s still above the Fed’s 2% target, which Powell doesn’t expect to reach until 2026.

For investors, this timeline is crucial. It suggests that while the Fed sees positive trends, it’s not ready to declare victory over inflation just yet. This cautious stance is reflected in Powell’s statement that the Fed wants to be “more confident that inflation is moving sustainably down toward 2% before we start the process of reducing or loosening policy.”

This careful approach has implications for various asset classes. Bond investors, who had initially priced in up to six quarter-point rate cuts for 2024, may need to recalibrate their expectations. Current market pricing now anticipates only two cuts, one in September and another before year-end. However, even this may be optimistic given that Fed officials have indicated just one cut in their latest projections.

Equity investors should also take note. The Fed’s commitment to bringing inflation down to its 2% target, even if it means maintaining higher rates for longer, could impact corporate earnings and valuations. Sectors that are particularly sensitive to interest rates, such as real estate and utilities, may face continued pressure if rates remain elevated.

Powell’s comments also touched on the risks of moving too quickly versus too slowly in adjusting monetary policy. He noted that cutting rates too soon could undo the progress made on inflation, while moving too late could unnecessarily undermine economic recovery. This balanced view suggests that the Fed is likely to err on the side of caution, potentially keeping rates higher for longer than some investors might prefer.

For global investors, it’s worth noting that Powell’s stance aligns with other major central banks. European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde, who was also present at the forum, has similarly emphasized the need for continued vigilance on inflation.

The Fed’s approach also has implications for currency markets. A more hawkish Fed stance relative to other central banks could support the U.S. dollar, potentially impacting multinational corporations and emerging market investments.

Looking ahead, investors should pay close attention to upcoming economic data, particularly inflation readings and labor market indicators. These will likely play a crucial role in shaping the Fed’s decisions in the coming months.

It’s also worth noting that Powell downplayed concerns about potential political influence on Fed policy, stating that the central bank remains focused on its mandate regardless of the political climate.

In conclusion, while the Fed sees progress on inflation, investors should prepare for a potentially slower path to monetary policy easing than initially expected. This underscores the importance of maintaining a diversified portfolio and staying attuned to economic indicators that could influence the Fed’s decision-making. As always, adaptability will be key in navigating the evolving economic landscape.

Inflation Just Dropped a Massive Hint About the Fed’s Next Move

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

The major U.S. stock indexes inched up on Tuesday as investors digested mixed producer inflation data and turned their focus to the much-anticipated consumer price index report due out on Wednesday.

The producer price index (PPI) for April showed prices paid by businesses for inputs and supplies increased 0.2% from the prior month, slightly above economists’ expectations of 0.1%. On an annual basis, PPI rose 2.3%, decelerating from March’s 2.7% pace but still higher than forecasts.

The “hot” PPI print caused traders to dial back bets on an interest rate cut from the Federal Reserve at its September meeting. Fed funds futures showed only a 48% implied probability of a 25 basis point rate cut in September, down from around 60% before the report.

Speaking at a banking event in Amsterdam, Fed Chair Jerome Powell characterized the PPI report as more “mixed” than concerning since revisions showed prior months’ data was not as hot as initially reported. He reiterated that he does not expect the Fed’s next move to be a rate hike, based on the incoming economic data.

“My confidence [that inflation will fall] is not as high as it was…but it is more likely we hold the policy rate where it is [than raise rates further],” Powell stated.

Investors are now eagerly awaiting Wednesday’s consumer price index data as it will provide critical signals on whether upside inflation surprises in Q1 were just temporary blips or indicative of a more worrying trend.

Consensus estimates project headline CPI cooled to 5.5% year-over-year in April, down from 5.6% in March. Core CPI, which strips out volatile food and energy prices, is expected to moderate slightly to 5.5% from 5.6%.

If CPI comes in hotter than projected, it would solidify expectations that the Fed will likely forego rate cuts for several more months as it prioritizes restoring price stability over promoting further economic growth.

Conversely, cooler-than-forecast inflation could reinforce the narrative of slowing price pressures and clear the path for the Fed to start cutting rates as soon as June or July to provide a buffer against a potential economic downturn.

The benchmark S&P 500 index closed up 0.18% on Tuesday, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq gained 0.43%. Trading was choppy as investors bided their time ahead of the CPI release.

Market focus has intensified around each new inflation report in recent months as investors attempt to gauge when the Fed might pivot from its aggressive rate hike campaign of the past year.

With inflation still running well above the Fed’s 2% target and the labor market remaining resilient, most economists expect the central bank will need to keep rates elevated for some time to restore price stability. But the timing and magnitude of any forthcoming rate cuts is still hotly debated on Wall Street.

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Fed Keeps Interest Rates at Historic 23-Year High

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

In a widely anticipated move, the Federal Reserve held its benchmark interest rate steady at a towering 5.25%-5.5% range, the highest level since 2001. The decision reinforces the central bank’s steadfast commitment to quashing stubbornly high inflation, even at the risk of delivering further blows to economic growth.

The lack of a rate hike provides a temporary reprieve for consumers and businesses already grappling with the sharpest lending rate increases since the Volcker era of the early 1980s. However, this pause in rate hikes could prove fleeting if inflationary pressures do not begin to subside in the coming months. The Fed made clear its willingness to resume raising rates if inflation remains persistently elevated.

In its latest policy statement, the Fed bluntly stated there has been “a lack of further progress toward the committee’s 2% inflation objective.” This frank admission indicates the central bank is digging in for what could be an extended trek back to its elusive 2% inflation goal.

During the subsequent press conference, Fed Chair Jerome Powell struck a hawkish tone, emphasizing that policymakers require “greater confidence” that inflation is headed sustainably lower before contemplating any rate cuts. This stance contrasts with the Fed’s projections just two months ago that suggested multiple rate reductions could materialize in 2024.

“I don’t know how long it will take, but when we get that confidence rate cuts will be in scope,” Powell stated, adding “there are paths to not cutting and there are paths to cutting.”

The Fed’s preferred core PCE inflation gauge continues to defy its efforts thus far. In March, the index measuring consumer prices excluding food and energy surged 4.4% on an annualized three-month basis, more than double the 2% target.

These stubbornly high readings have effectively forced the Fed to rip up its previous rate projections and adopt a more data-dependent, improvised policy approach. Powell acknowledged the path forward is shrouded in uncertainty.

“If inflation remains sticky and the labor market remains strong, that would be a case where it would be appropriate to hold off on rate cuts,” the Fed Chair warned. Conversely, if inflation miraculously reverses course or the labor market unexpectedly weakens, rate cuts could eventually follow.

For now, the Fed appears willing to hold rates at peak levels and allow its cumulative 5 percentage points of rate increases since March 2022 to further soak into the economy and job market. Doing so risks propelling the United States into a recession as borrowing costs for mortgages, auto loans, credit cards and business investments remain severely elevated.

Underscoring the challenging economic crosswinds, the policy statement acknowledged that “risks to achieving the Fed’s employment and inflation goals have moved toward better balance over the past year.” In other words, the once-overheated labor market may be gradually cooling, while goods price inflation remains problematic.

The only minor adjustment announced was a further slowing of the Fed’s balance sheet reduction program beginning in June. The monthly caps on runoff will be lowered to $25 billion for Treasuries and $35 billion for mortgage-backed securities.

While seemingly a sideshow compared to the main event of interest rate policy, this technical adjustment could help alleviate some recent stresses and volatility in the Treasury market that threatened to drive up borrowing costs for consumers and businesses.

Overall, the Fed’s latest decision exemplifies its unyielding battle against inflation, even at the cost of potential economic pain and a recession. Having surged the policy rate higher at the fastest pace in decades, returning to a 2% inflation environment has proven far trickier than battling the disinflationary forces that characterized most of the post-1980s era.

For investors, the combination of extended high rates and economic uncertainty poses a challenging environment requiring deft navigation of both equity and fixed income markets. Staying nimble and diversified appears prudent as the ferocious inflation fight by the Fed rages on.

Powell Dashes Hopes for Rate Cuts, Citing Stubbornly High Inflation

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

In a reality check for investors eagerly anticipating a so-called “pivot” from the Federal Reserve, Chair Jerome Powell firmly pushed back on market expectations for interest rate cuts in the near future. Speaking at a policy forum on U.S.-Canada economic relations, Powell bluntly stated that more progress is needed in bringing down stubbornly high inflation before the central bank can ease up on its aggressive rate hike campaign.

“The recent data have clearly not given us greater confidence, and instead indicate that it’s likely to take longer than expected to achieve that confidence,” Powell said of getting inflation back down to the Fed’s 2% target goal. “That said, we think policy is well positioned to handle the risks that we face.”

The comments represent a hawkish doubling down from the Fed Chair on the need to keep interest rates restrictive until inflation is subdued on a sustained basis. While acknowledging the economy remains fundamentally strong, with solid growth and a robust labor market, Powell made clear those factors are taking a back seat to the central bank’s overarching inflation fight.

“We’ve said at the [Federal Open Market Committee] that we’ll need greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably towards 2% before [it will be] appropriate to ease policy,” Powell stated. “The recent data have clearly not given us greater confidence and instead indicate that it’s likely to take longer than expected to achieve that confidence.”

The remarks dash any near-term hopes for a rate cut “pivot” from the Fed. As recently as the start of 2024, markets had been pricing in as many as 7 quarter-point rate cuts this year, starting as early as March. But a string of hotter-than-expected inflation reports in recent months has forced traders to recalibrate those overly optimistic expectations.

Now, futures markets are only pricing in 1-2 quarter-point cuts for the remainder of 2024, and not until September at the earliest. Powell’s latest rhetoric suggests even those diminished rate cut bets may prove too aggressive if elevated inflation persists.

The Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate 11 consecutive times to a range of 5.25%-5.5%, the highest in over two decades, trying to crush price pressures not seen since the 1980s. But progress has been frustratingly slow.

Powell noted the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, clocked in at 2.8% in February and has been little changed over the last few months. That’s well above the 2% target and not the clear and convincing evidence of a downward trajectory the Powell-led Fed wants to see before contemplating rate cuts.

Despite the tough talk, Powell did reiterate that if inflation starts making faster progress toward the goal, the Fed can be “responsive” and consider easing policy at that point. But he stressed that the resilient economy can handle the current level of rate restriction “for as long as needed” until price pressures abate.

The overarching message is clear – any hopes for an imminent pivot from the Fed and relief from high interest rates are misplaced based on the latest data. Getting inflation under control remains the singular focus for Powell and policymakers. Until they achieve that hard-fought victory, the economy will continue to feel the punishing effects of tight monetary policy. For rate cut optimists, that could mean a longer wait than anticipated.

Mortgage Rates and Stocks Find Relief as Powell Reinforces Rate Cut Prospects

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

The housing and stock markets received a welcome boost this week as Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell reinforced expectations for interest rate cuts later this year. In his semi-annual monetary policy testimony to Congress, Powell acknowledged that recent data shows inflation is moderating, paving the way for potential rate reductions in 2024.

For homebuyers and prospective sellers who have grappled with soaring mortgage rates over the past year, Powell’s remarks offer a glimmer of hope. Mortgage rates, which are closely tied to the Fed’s benchmark rate, have retreated from their recent highs, dipping below 7% for the first time since mid-February.

According to Mortgage News Daily, the average rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage settled at 6.92% on Thursday, while Freddie Mac reported a weekly average of 6.88% for the same loan term. This marks the first contraction in over a month and a significant improvement from the peak of around 7.3% reached in late 2023.

The moderation in mortgage rates has already begun to revive homebuyer demand, as evidenced by a nearly 10% week-over-week increase in mortgage applications. The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) noted that the indicator measuring home purchase applications rose 11%, underscoring the sensitivity of first-time and entry-level homebuyers to even modest rate changes.

“Mortgage applications were up considerably relative to the prior week, which included the President’s Day holiday. Of note, purchase volume — particularly for FHA loans — was up strongly, again showing how sensitive the first-time homebuyer segment is to relatively small changes in the direction of rates,” said Mike Fratantoni, MBA’s chief economist.

This renewed interest from buyers coincides with a much-needed increase in housing inventory. According to Realtor.com, active home listings grew 14.8% year-over-year in February, the fourth consecutive month of annual gains. Crucially, the share of affordable homes priced between $200,000 and $350,000 increased by nearly 21% compared to last year, potentially opening doors for many previously priced-out buyers.

The stock market has also responded positively to Powell’s testimony, interpreting his comments as a reassurance that the central bank remains committed to taming inflation without derailing the economy. Despite a hotter-than-expected inflation report in January, Powell reiterated that rate cuts are likely at some point in 2024, provided that price pressures continue to subside.

Investors cheered this stance, propelling the S&P 500 to new record highs on Thursday. The benchmark index gained nearly 1%, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite surged 1.4%, underscoring the market’s preference for a more dovish monetary policy stance.

However, Powell cautioned that the timing and magnitude of rate cuts remain uncertain, as the Fed seeks to strike a delicate balance between containing inflation and supporting economic growth. “Pinpointing the optimal timing for such a shift has been a challenge,” said Jiayi Xu, Realtor.com’s economist. “Specifically, the risk of a dangerous inflation rebound is looming if rate cuts are made ‘too soon or too much.'”

This ambiguity has contributed to ongoing volatility in both the housing and stock markets, as market participants attempt to gauge the Fed’s next moves. While the prospect of rate cuts has provided relief, concerns remain that the central bank may need to maintain a more hawkish stance if inflationary pressures prove more stubborn than anticipated.

Nevertheless, Powell’s remarks have injected a sense of optimism into the markets, at least temporarily. For homebuyers, the potential for lower mortgage rates could translate to increased affordability and a more favorable environment for purchasing a home. Meanwhile, investors have embraced the possibility of a less aggressive monetary policy stance, driving stocks higher in anticipation of a potential economic soft landing.

As the data continues to unfold, both the housing and stock markets will closely monitor the Fed’s actions and rhetoric. While challenges persist, Powell’s testimony has offered a glimpse of light at the end of the tunnel, reigniting hopes for a more balanced and sustainable economic landscape in the months ahead.

Fed Holds Rates Steady, Cools Expectations for Imminent Cuts

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

The Federal Reserve left interest rates unchanged on Wednesday following its January policy meeting, keeping the federal funds rate target range at 5.25-5.50%, the highest level since 2007. The decision came as expected, but Fed Chair Jerome Powell pushed back on market bets of rate cuts potentially starting as soon as March.

In the post-meeting statement, the Fed removed language about needing additional policy tightening, signaling a likely prolonged pause in rate hikes as it assesses the impact of its aggressive actions over the past year. However, officials emphasized they do not foresee cuts on the horizon until inflation shows “greater progress” moving back to the 2% goal sustainably.

Powell Caution on Rate Cuts

During his press conference, Powell aimed to temper expectations that rate cuts could begin in just a couple months. He stated March is “probably not the most likely case” for the start of easing, rather the “base case” is the Fed holds rates steady for an extended period to confirm inflation is solidly on a downward trajectory.

Markets have been pricing in rate cuts in 2024 based on recent data showing inflation cooling from 40-year highs last year. But the Fed wants to avoid undoing its progress prematurely. Powell said the central bank would need more consistent evidence on inflation, not just a few months of decent data.

Still Room for Soft Landing

The tone indicates the Fed believes there is room for a soft landing where inflation declines closer to target without triggering a recession. Powell cited solid economic growth, a strong job market near 50-year low unemployment, and six straight months of easing price pressures.

While risks remain, the Fed views risks to its dual mandate as balancing out rather than tilted to the downside. As long as the labor market and consumer spending hold up, a hard landing with severe growth contraction may be avoided.

Markets Catching Up to Fed’s Thinking

Markets initially expected interest rate cuts to start in early 2024 after the Fed’s blistering pace of hikes over the past year. But officials have been consistent that they need to keep policy restrictive for some time to ensure inflation’s retreat is lasting.

After the latest guidance reiterating this view, traders adjusted expectations for the timing of cuts. Futures now show around a coin flip chance of a small 25 basis point rate cut at the March FOMC meeting, compared to up to a 70% chance priced in earlier.

Overall the Fed is making clear that investors are too optimistic on the imminence of policy easing. The bar to cutting rates remains high while the economy expands moderately and inflation readings continue improving.

Normalizing Policy Ahead

Looking beyond immediate rate moves, the Fed is focused on plotting a course back to more normal policy over time. This likely entails holding rates around the current elevated range for much of 2024 to solidify inflation’s descent.

Then later this year or early 2025, the beginnings of rate cuts could materialize if justified by the data. The dot plot forecast shows Fed officials pencil in taking rates down to 4.5-4.75% by year’s end.

But Powell was adamant that lowering rates is not yet on the table. The Fed will need a lengthy period of inflation at or very close to its 2% goal before definitively shifting to an easing cycle.

In the meantime, officials are content to pause after their historic tightening campaign while still keeping rates restrictive enough to maintain control over prices. As Powell made clear, investors anxiously awaiting rate cuts will likely need to keep waiting a bit longer.

Cooling Inflation Fuels Hope of Fed Rate Cuts Despite Economic Strength

Posted on by slightbourne@noblecapitalmarkets.com

The latest inflation reading is providing critical evidence that the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes through 2023 have begun to achieve their intended effect of cooling down excessively high inflation. However, the timing of future Fed rate cuts remains up in the air despite growing optimism among investors.

On Friday, the Commerce Department reported that the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index, rose 2.9% in December from a year earlier. This marked the first time since March 2021 that core PCE dipped below 3%, a major milestone in the fight against inflation.

Even more encouraging is that on a 3-month annualized basis, core PCE hit 1.5%, dropping below the Fed’s 2% target for the first time since 2020. The deceleration of price increases across categories like housing, goods, and services indicates that tighter monetary policy has started rebalancing demand and supply.

As inflation falls from 40-year highs, pressure on the Fed to maintain its restrictive stance also eases. Markets now see the central bank initiating rate cuts at some point in 2024 to stave off excess weakness in the economy.

However, policymakers have been pushing back on expectations of cuts as early as March, emphasizing the need for more consistent data before declaring victory over inflation. Several have suggested rate reductions may not occur until the second half of 2024.

This caution stems from the still-hot economy, with Q4 2023 GDP growth hitting a better-than-expected 3.3% annualized. If consumer spending, business activity, and the job market stay resilient, the Fed may keep rates elevated through the spring or summer.

Still, traders are currently pricing in around a 50/50 chance of a small 0.25% rate cut by the May Fed meeting. Just a month ago, markets were far more confident in a March cut.

While the inflation data provides breathing room for the Fed to relax its hawkish stance, the timing of actual rate cuts depends on the path of the economy. An imminent recession could force quicker action to shore up growth.

Meanwhile, stock markets cheered the evidence of peaking inflation, sending the S&P 500 up 1.9% on Friday. Lower inflation paves the way for the Fed to stop raising rates, eliminating a major headwind for markets and risk assets like equities.

However, some analysts caution that celebratory stock rallies may be premature. Inflation remains well above the Fed’s comfort zone despite the recent progress. Corporate earnings growth is also expected to slow in 2024, especially if the economy cools faster than expected.

Markets are betting that Fed rate cuts can spur a “soft landing” where growth moderates but avoids recession. Yet predicting the economy’s path is highly challenging, especially when it has proven more resilient than anticipated so far.

If upcoming data on jobs, consumer spending, manufacturing, and GDP point to persistent economic strength, markets may have to readjust their optimistic outlook for both growth and Fed policy. A pause in further Fed tightening could be the best-case scenario for 2024.

While lower inflation indicates the Fed’s policies are working, determining the appropriate pace of reversing course will require delicate judgment. Moving too fast risks re-igniting inflation later on.

The détente between inflation and the Fed sets the stage for a pivotal 2024. With core PCE finally moving decisively in the right direction, Fed Chair Jerome Powell has some latitude to nurse the economy toward a soft landing. But stability hinges on inflation continuing to cool amid resilient growth and spending.

For investors, caution and flexibility will be key in navigating potentially increased market volatility around Fed policy. While lower inflation is unambiguously good news, its impact on growth, corporate profits, and asset prices may remain murky until more economic tea leaves emerge through the year.