Mark Reichman, Senior Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Mining companies trail the broader market. During the second quarter, mining companies (as measured by the XME) declined 4.4% compared to a gain of 8.3% for the S&P 500 index. The VanEck Vectors Gold Miners (GDX) and Junior Gold Miners (GDXJ) ETFs were down 6.9% and 9.7%, respectively. Gold, silver, copper, and zinc futures prices fell 2.0%, 5.6%, 8.2%, and 15.6%, respectively, while lead increased 1.2%. Year-to-date through June 30, gold futures prices were up 5.7%, while silver was down 5.1%. Copper, lead, and zinc prices declined 1.40%, 3.1%, and 19.9%, respectively.
Precious metals headwinds. While gold prices crossed $2,000 an ounce during the second quarter on the back of turmoil in the banking sector, concerns moderated, and the resiliency of the U.S. economy seemed to favor risk-on assets. Additionally, rising short-term interest rates have provided investors with an alternative haven for their funds. During the January, March, and May Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings, the Federal Reserve served up three 25 basis point rate increases and paused in June keeping the target federal funds rate in the range of 5.00% to 5.25%. Expectations are for additional increases in 2023. Precious metals may be challenged as real yields rise, along with the potential for a stronger U.S. dollar. While we expect precious metals prices to remain at levels that are economic for producers, we expect some weakness in pricing during the second half of 2023.
Outlook for industrial metals. While the long-term investment case for owning industrial metals mining companies remains favorable, it is still too early to offer a bullish call due to near-term concerns about economic growth in the U.S. and abroad. Longer-term secular trends, including electrification, remain supportive of supply and demand fundamentals for copper.
Putting it all together. While well-diversified portfolios should have exposure to precious metals, mining equities may offer a stronger current alternative to bullion. In our opinion, junior companies remain attractive based on valuation, and we expect industry consolidation to increase as senior producers seek to replenish reserves and resources. Longer-term, global central banks could increase gold reserves as they seek to move away from their reliance on the U.S. dollar as a reserve currency which could be supportive of gold prices. While the near-term outlook for industrial metals could be negatively impacted by near-term macroeconomic factors, an eventual return to economic growth could result in strong prices due to potential supply and demand imbalances.
GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Michael Kupinski, Director of Research, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Jacob Mutchler, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Overview: Key takeaways from the NAB. Media investors are unpacking the information from the National Association of Broadcaster’s (NAB) convention. While there are promising new technologies that are sure to create shiny new objects to catch investor’s attention, particularly AI, the chatter is about the current advertising environment. Looking for the key takeaways? Sign up here for the virtual conference on April 27th.
Digital Media & Technology:Head fake? Every one of Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices not only finished the quarter up, but significantly outperformed the S&P 500. The best performing index was Noble’s Social Media Index, which increased by 70% in the first quarter of 2023, followed by Noble’s Ad Tech Index (+31%), MarTech Index (+30%), and Digital Media Index (+18%).
Television Broadcasting: Weak current revenue trends.While auto advertising appears to be faring better, the weight of the economic challenges appear to be causing further moderation in advertising. Will auto and, potentially Political, carry the second half 2023 revenue performance?
Radio Broadcasting: All out of love.The industry is reeling from a Wall Street research downgrade to an underperform on iHeart Media, which sent all radio stocks tumbling. Some stocks performed better than others. What’s behind the downgrade and which stocks performed better?
Publishing:Advertising takes a hit. After a period of moderating revenue trends, Publishers reported a weakened advertising environment. The downturn was due to Print advertising which took a nose dive. As a result, publishing companies implemented another round of expense cuts to bolster cash flow. There is a bright spot as Digital continues to perform strongly.
Overview
The NAB Show Stopper
Media investors are unpacking all of the information from last week’s National Association of Broadcaster’s (NAB) convention. There is a lot to digest given that there were over 1,400 exhibits, 140 new exhibitors this year. Because of the overwhelming number of exhibitors, many that go to Vegas for this annual convention do not go to the convention floor. It is a shame. There was a lot to see and learn. As Noble’s Media & Entertainment Analyst I walked the convention floor, which covers 4.6 million square feet of exhibit halls and meeting rooms. I stopped by booths and taped presentations to explain the new technologies, the plan for implementation of new services, and the prospect for revenue monetization. One important demonstration focused on the new broadcast standard, ATSC 3.0, the hope for a bright future for the television industry. This new standard should allow the industry to become more contemporary in terms of how its audience consumes video and information. In addition, it offers the ability for the industry to participate in new revenue streams, including Datacasting, which may become bigger than Retransmission revenue in the future.
In addition to touring the floor, I attended NAB panel discussions and hosted meetings with media management teams in a fireside chat format to discuss current business trends, the new technologies (including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the new broadcast standard). In addition, these C-suite management teams provided their key takeaways from the NAB convention and offered why they participated in the conference this year. These discussions are available to you for free on Channelchek.com on April 27th in a virtual conference. In this upcoming Channelchek Takeaway Series on the NAB Show, I offer my key takeaways, including the current advertising outlook, my take on the monetization of the new technologies and what media investors should do now given the current economic and advertising environment. Your free registration to this informative event is available here.
This report highlights the performance of the media sectors over the past 12 months and past quarter. Overall, media stocks struggled in the past year, but there has been some improved quarterly performance, particularly in Digital Media and Broadcast Television, discussed later. All media stocks are struggling to offset losses over the course of the past year with trailing 12 months stocks down in the range of 5% on the low end to down 68% on the high end. The best performing sector in the past 12 months were Social Media stocks, down 5% versus the general market decline of 9% over the comparable period.
In the first quarter, stock performance was mixed. The best performers in the traditional media sectors were Broadcast Television stocks, up nearly 10% versus the general market which increased 7% in the comparable period. But, the individual TV stock performance reflected a different story, explained later in this report. The worse performer for the quarter were the radio stocks, driven by a Wall Street downgrade of one of the leading radio broadcasters. The Digital Media stocks had another good performance. We believe that stock performance will be a roller coaster for at least another quarter or two as the weight of the Fed rate increases begin to adversely affect the economy.
While National advertising has remained weak, we believe that Local advertising is now beginning to moderate as well. The Local advertising weakness appears to be in the smaller markets as well as the larger markets. This is somewhat different than the most recent economic cycles whereby the smaller markets were somewhat resilient. It seems that the smaller markets are feeling the adverse affects from inflation, rising employment costs and tightening bank credit. In our view, the disappointing advertising outlook likely will cause second quarter revenue estimates to come down, creating a difficult environment for media stocks. As such, we encourage investors to be opportunistic and take an accumulation approach to building positions for the prospective economic and advertising improvement. Our favorites have digital media exposure, given that we expect Digital Advertising (while softening as well) will be more resilient than traditional advertising mediums. Our favorites include Travelzoo (TZOO), Townsquare Media (TSQ), Harte Hanks (HHS), E.W. Scripps (SSP), and Direct Digital (DRCT).
Digital Media
Head fake?
Last quarter we wrote that the S&P 500 increased for the first time since the fourth quarter of 2021 and that we were beginning to see signs of life in Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices as well. Those signs of life continued to bear fruit throughout the first quarter, as every one of Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices not only finished the quarter up, but significantly outperformed the S&P 500. Figure #1 LTM Digital Media Performance highlights that many of the Digital Media sectors are now approaching year earlier levels given the most recent favorable performance. The best performing index was Noble’s Social Media Index, which increased by 70% in the first quarter of 2023, followed by Noble’s Ad Tech Index (+31%), MarTech Index (+30%), and Digital Media Index (+18%).
Figure #1 LTM Digital Media Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Noble’s Indices are market cap weighted, and we attribute the strength of the Social Media Index to its largest constituent, Meta Platforms (META; a.k.a. Facebook) whose shares increased by 76% in the first quarter. Figure #2 Q1 Digital Media Performancehighlights the first quarter performance for the digital stocks.Meta’s management stirred interest in the shares from its 4Q 2022 earnings call when they spent most of their time talking about “efficiency”, which investors interpreted to mean that Meta was newly focused on profitability. After a relatively disastrous 3Q 2022 earnings call, after which shares fell by 25%, the company demonstrated on its 4Q 2022 earnings call that it clearly had gotten the message: investors were not enamored about the company’s plans in October 2022 to spend billions of dollars to develop its Metaverse initiatives. Rather, on its fourth quarter call, management focused on driving its short form video initiative, Reels (i.e., becoming more TikTok like), reducing its headcount by reducing layers of management, lowering its operating expenses and reducing its capital expenditures. Investors applauded this newfound focus on profitability and shares rebounded from a low of $88.90 per share in early November to $211.94 at the March quarter-end.
The next best performing index was Noble’s Ad Tech Index which increased by 31% during 1Q 2023. Fourteen of the 23 stocks in the index were up in the first quarter. Standouts during the quarter were Integral Ad Science (IAS; +62%) and Perion Networks (PERI; +56%). Integral Ad Science exceeded expectations in its fourth quarter results and guided to better-than-expected results in 1Q 2023. The company continues to expand its product suite, scale its social media offerings (i.e., for TikTok) and is well positioned to continue to benefit from the shift from linear TV to connected TV (CTV). Perion shares continued their winning: Perion was the only ad tech stock whose shares were up in 2022. Perion’s 56% increase in 1Q 2023 reflected beat on both revenues (by 2%) and EBITDA (by 10%) as well as improved guidance for 1Q 2023. Perion’s profitability increased significantly in 2022, with EBITDA nearly doubling (+90%) from 2021 ($70M) to 2022 ($132M).
Noble’s MarTech Index increased by 30% with 14 of the 22 stocks in the index posting increases in 1Q 2023. The best performing stocks were Qualtrics (XM; +70%) Sprinklr (CXM; +59%), Salesforce (CRM; +51%), Hubspot (HUBS; +48%) and Yext (YEXT; +47%). Qualtrics agreed to be acquired for $12.5 billion by Silver Lake and the Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board, which came at a 73% premium to its 30-day volume weighted stock price. Sprinklr beat revenue expectations and significantly beat EBITDA expectations (doubling the Street expectations) and guided to a current year forecast that focuses more on efficiency and profitability.
MarTech stocks have been victims of their own success. Two years ago at this time the sector was trading at 11.3x forward revenue estimates, and a year ago the group was trading at 6.5x forward revenues. Today the group trades at 4x forward revenues and investors appear to be wading back into the sector. Figure #3 Marketing Tech Comparables highlights the compelling stock valuations.One of the laggards in the sector has been Harte Hanks (HHS), which declined 20% in the first quarter. We believe that the shares have not gained traction following the successful rebound toward profitability in 2022. The shares advanced a powerful 136% in 2022 from lows in May to highs achieved in August 2022. Since that time, investors appear to be taking chips off the table. In our view, the HHS shares appear to be oversold. Its business appears to be resilient. Given the recent weakness in the shares, the shares appear to be undervalued and offer a favorable risk reward relationship. As such, the HHS shares are among our favorites in the sector.
Another one of our current favorites is Direct Digital Holdings (DRCT). As Figure #4 Advertising Tech Comparables illustrates, the DRCT shares trade in line with the averages for the group at roughly 5.4 times 2024 adj. EBITDA. Notably, the company recently restated upward its 2022 full year revenue and adj. EBITDA results. Given the favorable operating momentum, we raised our full year 2023 and 2024 revenue and adj. EBITDA estimates, keeping our previous growth estimates. With the higher 2024 adj. EBITDA, we tweaked upward our price target from $5.50 to $6.00. Given a favorable fundamental outlook and compelling stock valuation, we view the shares as among our favorites.
Finally, Noble’s Digital Media Index, while lagging that of its digital peers at an 18% increase, significantly outperformed the S&P 500 (+7%), with a broad based recovery in which 9 of the sector’s 11 stocks increased during 1Q 2023. The best performing stock was Spotify (SPOT; +69%), whose revenues fell short of expectations by less than 1%, significantly beat consensus Street EBITDA expectations by $58M and more importantly pivoted towards demonstrating operating leverage. Spotify, which posted an EBITDA loss of nearly $500 billion in 2022, is expected to generate $650 billion in EBITDA in 2024, according to Street estimates. A deteriorating ad market in 2022 combined with higher interest rates likely prompted the company to shift its priorities to running a profitable company and doing it more quickly and with some urgency. The second best performing stock was Travelzoo (TZOO; +36%), as the company’s 4Q 2022 revenues and EBITDA increased by 31% and 328%, respectively. Notably, Travelzoo’s EBITDA came in 58% higher than Street consensus. The company appears to be benefiting from pent up travel demand for travel and management highlighted the opportunity for margin expansion in the coming quarters. Given the favorable outlook, we raised our price target to $10. Near current levels, the TZOO shares appear to offer above average returns and we reiterate our Outperform rating.
Figure #2 Q1 Digital Media Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #3 Marketing Tech Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings & Noble estimates
Figure #4 Advertising Tech Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings & Noble estimates
Traditional Media
As Figure #5 LTM Traditional Media Performance illustrates, these stocks have struggled to gain sea legs, trending lower over the course of the past year. All traditional media sectors have underperformed over the past year, with Radio the poorest performing group. As Figure #6 Q1 Traditional Media Performance illustrates, only the TV Broadcast stocks edged out the general market performance in the latest quarter.
Figure #5 LTM Traditional Media Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #6 Q1 Traditional Media Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Television Broadcast
Weak current revenue trends
As illustrated in the previous chart, the TV stocks outperformed the general market in the first quarter. This market cap weighted index masked the performance of many poor performing stocks in the quarter. Sinclair Broadcasting (SBGI; up 10%), Entravision (EVC; up a strong 26%), and Fox (FOX; up 12%) were among the best performing stocks and favorably influenced the TV index in the quarter. But, there were many poor performing stocks including E.W. Scripps (SSP; down 29%), Gray Television (GTN; down 22%) and Tegna (TGNA; down 20%). We believe that there was heightened interest in Entravision given its favorable Q1 results which was fueled by its fast growing Digital business. Figure #7 TV Q4 YoY Revenue Growth illustrates the Entravision’s Q4 revenue performance was among the best in the industry. While Entravision was among the best revenue performers, its margins are below that of its peer group as illustrated in Figure #8 TV Q4 EBITDA Margins. This is due to the accounting treatment of its Digital revenues given that it is an agency business. Given that Digital represents roughly 80% of the company’s total company revenue, we plan to put the EVC shares into the Digital Media sector to more accurately reflect its business. The poorer performing stocks are among the higher debt levered in the industry. As such, we believe the underperformance reflects concern of a slowing economy and investors flight to quality in the sector.
We do not believe that we are out of the woods with the TV stocks and the market is expected to be volatile. The advertising environment appears to be deteriorating given weakening economic conditions. There are bright spots which include some improvement in the Auto category. Dealerships appear to be stepping up advertising given higher inventory levels. In addition, broadcasters appear optimistic about Political advertising, which could begin in the third quarter 2023. There is a planned Republican presidential candidate debate scheduled in August. As such, there is some promise that candidates will advertise in advance of that debate and into the fourth quarter given the early primary season. We do not believe that Political and Auto will be enough to offset the weakness in National and in the weakening Local category. In our view, Q2 and full year 2023 estimates are likely to come down. Furthermore, we believe that broadcasters will be shy about predicting Political advertising even into 2024 given the past disappointments in management forecasts in the last Political cycle.
We encourage investors to take an accumulation approach to the sector. Notably, as Figure #9 TV Comparables highlights, nearly all of the stocks are trading near each other, with the exception of the larger media stocks. In our view, the valuations are near recession type valuations and appear to have limited downside risk. Our current favorite is E.W. Scripps (SSP). While the company is not immune to the current weak advertising environment, we believe that there is a favorable Retransmission revenue opportunity as 75% of its subscribers are due in the next 12 months. In addition, we believe that Retransmission margins will improve. Given the relatively small float for the shares, the SSP shares tend to underperform when the industry is out of favor, but then outperform when the industry is back in favor. In our view, the SSP shares offer a favorable risk/reward relationship and top our favorites in the sector.
Figure #7 TV Q4 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon & Company filings
Figure #8 TV Q4 EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon & Company filings
Figure #9 TV Comparables
Source: Noble Estimates & Eikon
Radio Broadcasting
All out of love
The Radio stocks had another tough quarter, down 17% versus a 7% gain for the general market. Notably, there was a wide variance in the individual stock performance, with the largest stocks in the group having the worst performance in the quarter, including Audacy (AUD; down 40%), Cumulus Media (CMLS; down 41%) and iHeart Media (IHRT; down 36%). The first quarter stock performance did not appear to reflect the fourth quarter results. As Figure #10 Radio Industry Q4 YoY Revenue Growth illustrates, revenues were relatively okay, with some exceptions. Some of the larger Radio companies which have a large percentage of National advertising, underperformed relative to the more diversified Radio companies, especially those with a strong Digital segment presence. Figure #11 Radio Industry Q4 YoY EBITDA Margins illustrate that the margins for the industry remain relatively healthy.
The weakness in the Radio stocks was fueled in the quarter from a downgrade to under perform on the shares of iHeart by a Wall Street firm. Many radio stocks were down in sympathy. The analyst attributed the downgrade to the current macro environment and its heavy floating rate debt burden. The company is not expected to generate enough free cash flow to de-lever its balance sheet. We believe the downgrade as well as the excessive debt profile of Audacy, another industry leader which likely will need to restructure, sent all radio stocks tumbling. Some stocks performed better than others. While Cumulus Media’s debt profile is not as levered as iHeart or Audacy, the shares were caught in the net of a weak advertising outlook. Cumulus is among the most sensitive to National advertising, which currently continues to be weak.
Some of our favorite stocks which are diversified and have developing digital businesses performed better. Those stocks included Townsquare Media (TSQ; up 10%), and Salem Media (SALM; up 4%). Notably, while the shares of Beasley Broadcasting (BBGI) were down 10%, the shares performed better than the 17% decline for the industry in the quarter. Importantly, Beasley recently provided favorable updated Q1 guidance for the first quarter. Q1 revenues are expected to increase 1% to 2.5% and EBITDA growth is expected to be in the range of 40% to 50%, significantly better than our estimates. Furthermore, management provided a sanguine outlook for 2023 and 2024. Digital revenue is expected to reach 20% to 30% of total revenue with a goal of reaching 40% in 2024. By comparison, Digital revenue was 17% of total revenue in the fourth quarter 2022. Furthermore, the company is sitting on roughly $35 million in cash. It has opportunistically repurchased $10 million of its bonds at a significant discount. We believe that it is likely to maintain a strong cash position given the economic uncertainty.
We view Townsquare Media (TSQ), Salem Media (SALM) and Beasley Broadcast (BBGI) as among our favorites in the industry given the diverse revenue streams. While these companies are not immune to the economic headwinds, we believe that its Digital businesses should offer some ballast to its more sensitive Radio business. In the case of Salem, 30% of its revenues are relatively stable with block programming. As Figure #12 Broadcast Radio Comparables illustrates, the shares of Townsquare are among the cheapest in the industry, trading below peer group averages. Notably, the company instituted a hefty dividend. As a result, investors get paid while we await a favorable upturn in fundamentals. As such, the shares of TSQ tops our list of favorites.
Figure #10 Radio Industry Q4 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon & Company filings
Figure #11 Radio Industry Q4 YoY EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon & Company filings
Figure #12 Broadcast Radio Comparables
Source: Noble estimates & Eikon
Publishing
Advertising takes a hit
After a period of moderating revenue trends, Publishers reported a weakened advertising environment. As illustrated in Figure #13 Publishing Industry YOY Revenue Growth, illustrates that revenue trends deteriorated with Print advertising taking a nose dive. This trend was illustrative in the results from Lee Enterprises, one of our current favorites in the sector. After a fiscal fourth quarter flat revenue performance, the company reported a 8.5% decline in its fiscal first quarter. The Q1 revenue performance reflected an 18.5% decrease in Print advertising, an acceleration in the rate of the 11% decline in the previous quarter.
The surprisingly weak quarter hit the company’s adj. EBITDA margins. Traditionally, Lee maintained some of the best margins in the industry. As Figure #14 Q4 Publishing Industry EBITDA Margins illustrates, the company fell in ranking to among the lowest in the sector. Importantly, in spite of the revenue weakness, the company maintains its previous adj. EBITDA guidance of $94 million to $100 million. To achieve its cash flow target in light of the soft revenue outlook, Lee implemented a round of expense cuts to bolster cash flow. Cost reductions are expected to result in $40 million of savings in FY23, and $60 million in annualized savings going forward. While we are disappointed that the company’s Print business is not moderating as previously expected, the company’s Digital businesses remain favorably robust. In addition, its Digital business is turning toward contributing margins. As such, we remain sanguine about the company’s digital transition.
As Figure #15 Publishing Comparables highlights, there is a wide gap between the valuation of the New York Times (NYT) and the rest of the industry, including Lee. While the highly debt levered shares of Gannett appear cheaper, we believe that Lee has a more favorable debt profile with a fixed 9% annual rate, no fixed principal payments, no performance covenants and a 25 year maturity. With the shares trading at 5.3 times our 2024 adj. EBITDA estimate compared with 15.4 times at the New York Times, we believe that there is limited downside risk in the LEE shares. Furthermore, we believe that the company is well positioned as economic and advertising prospects improve. Given the company’s favorable outlook for its Digital transition, we believe that the shares should close the gap in valuations with the leadership stock in the group. Consequently, the shares of LEE are among our favorite play for an improving economic outlook.
Figure #13 Publishing Industry YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon & Company filings
Figure #14 Q4 Publishing Industry EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon & Company filings
Figure #15 Publishing Comparables
Source: Noble estimates & Eikon
For more information on companies mentioned in this report click on the following:
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Michael Heim, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
OPEC cut boosts oil prices and energy stocks, offsetting last quarter’s underperformance in one day. OPEC announced a 1 million bbls./day voluntary production cut causing oil prices to rise 6.3% to a level near $80/bbl. and the XLE Energy Index to rise 4.5% the day after the announcement.
If domestic producers had the ability to expand production, they would have already. In the past, domestic production has risen in response to higher oil prices. In recent years, however, rig count has not increase as much as one would expect given the rise in oil prices. We believe the low rig count reflects a decrease in the number of economically feasible drilling locations. We would note that producers are generally able to produce oil at a cost of $30-$40/bbl. well below oil prices. If producers had the ability to ramp up drilling, we would have thought they would have done so even at $60/bbl. prices.
Horizontal drilling and fracking have increased production decline curves putting companies on a treadmill just to maintain production. More than half of domestic production comes from wells drilled in the last 24 months. The implication is that domestic oil producers are hard pressed to drill enough wells to offset production declines, let alone increase overall production to counter production declines by OPEC. As a result, we believe oil prices could remain high for many years.
Small producers and companies with a large drilling portfolio are best positioned. Larger producers continue to be constrained from expanding oil operations given political and shareholder pressures to move away from carbon-based energy. Smaller producers face less pressure. Companies with ample acreage and drilling prospects are best positioned to take advantage of a prolonged oil price upcycle.
Look for an increased focus on returning capital to shareholders. After several years of high energy prices, many companies have paid down debt and invested in infrastructure. With drilling prospects limited, we believe management will increasing look to raise dividends or repurchase shares.
Energy Stocks
Energy stocks, as measured by the XLE Energy Index, declined 5.3% in the 2023 first quarter. The decline was a sharp contrast to the 7.0% increase in the S&P 500 Index. The decline comes after several years of strong performances for energy stocks and reflects a 5.7% decrease in oil prices and a 50.5% decrease in natural gas prices. Worthy of note, as we are writing this report on April 3rd, oil prices have risen 6.3% and the XLE Energy Index is up 4.5% in response to an announcement by OPEC+ to reduce production by more than 1 million barrels per day. Following the announcement, oil prices settled above $80/bbl. almost reaching the price at the end of 2022.
Figure #1
If the cuts are adhered to, it will represent a significant increase in the excess production capacity of OPEC+. The surplus has grown steadily since the pandemic surpassing 5 million bbls./day according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. That surplus had begun to decrease as the pandemic eased and global oil demand returned to normal levels. A reduction in production levels would return surplus capacity to pandemic levels.
Figure #2
With OPEC+ reducing production and oil prices rising, it will be interesting to see if producers in North America will respond by increasing production. In the past, when oil prices rose sharply, producers responded by drilling more wells. The advent of horizontal drilling and fracking over the last 15 years has greatly improved the economics of drilling in the basin by increasing the initial flow rates of oil and gas wells. As the chart below indicates, almost all wells drilled in North America are horizontal wells.
Figure #3
Unfortunately, one of the impacts of increased oil and gas flow is that production will decline at a higher rate after the initial production. That means more and more wells need to be drilled just to offset the drop in production. The chart below, while somewhat dated, shows Permian Basin oil production separated by the year wells came on-line. The chart shows that in 2022, more than half of all oil production came from wells drilled in 2021 or 2022. The implication is that domestic oil producers are hard pressed to drill enough wells to offset production declines, let alone increase overall production to counter production declines by OPEC+.
Figure #4
Source: Novi Labs
Without a rise in domestic production, it is likely that oil prices will remain at elevated levels. This is good news for producers who can produce oil at $30-$40 per barrel. The high netbacks (prices less royalties and operating costs) mean increased profits and cash flow for energy companies. And, if an energy company is fortunate enough to have a large acreage position with an abundance of potential drilling sites, growth rates will accelerate.
Natural Gas Prices
The outlook for natural gas, however, is not as rosy. Natural gas prices fell sharply this winter in response to warm weather and weak economic conditions.
Figure #5
Source: Natural Gas Intelligence
Storage levels, which were running below historical levels, are now at five-year highs for this time of year. With the winter heating season now coming to an end, storage levels are unlikely to reverse. As a result, natural gas prices could remain depressed until the fall heating season.
Figure #6
Outlook
A dismal quarter for the energy sector got a shot in the arm on the first day of the new quarter with a surprise OPEC+ production cut announcement. The announcement was welcomed news for producers that were already seeing profitable production margins and high returns on drilling investments. Cash flow levels are high and companies have been expanding operations and returning capital to shareholders. As investment opportunities become sparse and debt levels become low (or completely eliminated), we believe management will increase the focus on raising dividend levels and repurchasing shares. Share repurchases should support energy stock prices increases and an increased dividend yield should protect against any potential share price weakness.
We believe the case for smaller cap energy stocks is especially strong. Major oil companies are facing increasing pressure to focus on renewable energy instead of producing more carbon-based fuel. Smaller cap energy companies are less tethered and often able to acquire and exploit properties being ignored by the majors. If our belief that a world-wide recession is already factored into energy prices is correct, small cap energy companies will be in the best position to take advantage of any energy price increase resulting from OPEC+ production cuts.
GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Mark Reichman, Senior Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Gold shined during the first quarter. During the first quarter, mining companies (as measured by the XME) appreciated 6.7% compared to a gain of 7.0% for the S&P 500 index. The VanEck Vectors Gold Miners (GDX) and Junior Gold Miners (GDXJ) ETFs were up 12.9% and 10.8%, respectively. Gold, silver, and copper futures prices gained 7.8%, 0.5%, and 7.4%, respectively, while lead and zinc declined 3.6% and 4.3%, respectively. Despite continuing rate hikes by the Federal Reserve, turmoil in the banking sector, along with the market’s speculation of its potential impact on Federal Reserve monetary policy, enhanced gold’s appeal. Weakness in base metals, with the exception of copper, may be attributed to slowing economic growth and the potential for an economic downturn. In 2022, the price of copper declined 13.2% and so it was likely due for a rebound.
Further upside to the gold price? Assuming worries about the U.S. banking system abate, we think gold could give up some of its recent gains although we remain constructive on precious metals. After peaking in early March, the yield on the 10-year treasury note and the U.S. Dollar Index reversed course with the yield on the treasury ending at 3.49% compared to 3.88% at the end of 2022 and the U.S. dollar Index down 1% during the quarter. Most of this was the result of the recent banking turmoil. While we continue to believe interest rates could peak by mid-year, the big question is how long before they begin easing rates. This will obviously depend on economic conditions, the inflation rate, and employment.
Outlook for industrial metals. While the long-term investment case for owning industrial metals mining companies remains favorable, it may be too early to offer a bullish call due to near-term concerns about economic growth in the U.S. and abroad. During the recent Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) convention, key themes in the keynote presentations were electrification and growing demand for critical minerals and battery metals, including cobalt, copper, lithium, magnesium, and nickel, critical to securing a decarbonized future with broad applications in electric vehicles, charging infrastructure, solar power, and wind turbines.
Conclusion. We think precious metals mining companies, notably juniors, continue to offer attractive return potential. While the near-term outlook for industrial metals could be negatively impacted by near-term macroeconomic factors, an eventual return to economic growth could result in strong prices due to potential supply and demand imbalances.
GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Robert LeBoyer, Vice President, Research Analyst, Life Sciences , Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Webinar. BIO (Biotechnology Innovation Organization, an industry group) sponsored a webinar titled, “Long COVID: What Will It Take To Accelerate Therapeutic Progress?” Speakers included officials from government, academia, and drug development companies to discuss the scientific basis of the condition, its public health implications, and its potential treatments. Presenting companies included Axcella Health (AXLA) and Tonix Pharmaceuticals (TNXP).
Long COVID Symptoms and Prevalence. The program began with how Long COVID became recognized as a condition, its incidence, and its patient population. Scientific presentations showed the biological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on cells in the body, including the connection between Long COVID and other chronic conditions such as CFS/ME (chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis). Symptoms and their duration can vary widely, including inflammation, fatigue, organ dysfunction, and reactivation of latent viral reservoirs. The presenters agreed that the range of symptoms and their variability will require numerous drugs.
Axcella Health Presented AXA1125. Chief Scientific Officer at Axcella Health, Dr. Margaret Koziel, presented the scientific basis for the use of AXA1125 in Long COVID, including its effects on inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fatigue. Data from the Phase 2a trial was presented, showing improvements in function, and biomarkers that correlate with reductions in inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. The design of the Phase 2b/3 trial was also presented.
Tonix Pharmaceuticals Presented Data From TNX-102 SL. Tonix is currently enrolling patients in its Phase 2 PREVAIL trial testing TNX-102 SL, sublingual cyclobenzaprine, in Long COVID. This trial is based on common symptoms with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, such as pain, fatigue, and insomnia. Projected enrollment is about 470 patients with a primary endpoint of change in daily pain score from baseline over the 14-week treatment period.
Conclusion. The BIO webinar speakers agreed that the high variability and large population would require several drugs to adequately treat patients. For Axcella, we believe the presentation could raise awareness of AXA1125 and its “Phase 2b/3 Ready” status, allowing it obtain trial funding through partnerships, government funding, or from investors. Tonix was able to present how TNX-102 SL overlaps with other pain syndromes and how it could treat symptoms, as well as to highlight its clinical milestones in the coming year.
Summary. BIO (Biotechnology Innovation Organization, and industry group) sponsored a webinar titled, “Long COVID: What Will It Take To Accelerate Therapeutic Progress?” Speakers included officials from government, academia, and drug development companies to discuss the scientific basis of the condition, its public health implications, and its potential treatments. Presenting companies included Axcella Health (AXLS) and Tonix Pharmaceuticals (TNXP).
The program began with the history of Long COVID, how it became recognized as a condition, and its prevalence. Scientific presentations discussed the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and its effects on different organs, as well as the mechanisms of infection that lead to fatigue, cerebral effects (brain fog), and chronic pain. The speakers pointed out that the range and severity of symptoms can vary widely, making it likely that numerous drugs will be needed.
The overlap between Long COVID and other chronic conditions, such as CFS/ME (chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis), was also discussed. The common features in these conditions were cited in the “National Research Action Plan on Long COVID”, published by the Department of Health and Human Services in August 2022.
Axcella Health Spoke About AXA1125. Chief Scientific Officer at Axcella Health, Dr. Margaret Koziel, presented the scientific basis for the use of AXA1125 in Long COVID, including its effect on inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, epithelial dysfunction, and fatigue. Data from the Phase 2a trial was presented, showing improvements in physical and mental function. These data included biomarkers that correlate with improvements in inflammation and mitochondrial function. The design of the Phase 2b/3 trial was also presented.
Tonix Pharmaceuticals Presented Data From TNX-102 SL. Tonix is currently enrolling patients in its Phase 2 PREVAIL trial testing TNX-102 SL, sublingual cyclobenzaprine, in Long COVID. This trial is based on common symptoms with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, such as pain, fatigue, and insomnia. Projected enrollment is about 470 patients with a primary endpoint of change in daily pain score from baseline over the 14-week treatment period.
TNX-102 SL showed positive results in its Phase 3 RELIEF study in fibromyalgia, although the confirmatory Phase 3 RALLY missed its primary endpoint. After analyzing the RALLY trial, the Phase 3 RESILIENT trial began. An interim analysis from the RESILIENT trial is expected in 2Q23.
Conclusion. The BIO webinar gave different perspectives on Long COVID and discussed different approaches to treatment. For Axcella, we believe the presentation could raise awareness of AXA1125 data and its “Phase 2b/3” ready status, allowing it obtain trial funding through partnerships, government funding, or from investors. For Tonix, presentations on the common features of Long COVID and chronic pain syndromes support the use of Tonix’s TNX-102 SL, and show how its Phase 2 PREVAIL clinical trial design could become an effective treatment.
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Michael Kupinski, Director of Research, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Patrick McCann, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Jacob Mutchler, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Overview: Entertainment and Leisure stocks have had a good start to the New Year, but the better performance has not erased the disaster that was 2022. We believe that stocks appear to be baking in a mild economic downturn, a soft landing, so to speak. Given that we are skeptic of the conventional thought, we take a cautious stance regarding the recent lift in valuations and encourage investors to take an accumulation approach.
Entertainment:Bowlero on a roll. The Noble Entertainment Index performed well, up 1.5% in the last 12 months, compared with negative returns for the S&P 500 (-7.1%). Although there were broad economic challenges over the past year, entertainment companies benefited from the general public’s return to “normal” following the COVID pandemic. We believe that in-person experiential entertainment recovery is still in its early stage and should continue into 2024.
Gaming: Looking for value in the rubble.The Noble Gaming Index is down 53.1% in the past year, well below the S&P 500, down 7.1%. But, recently, the Noble Gaming Index increased 12.9% in the last quarter, outperforming the 3.2% increase in the general market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index. A reflex bounce? Short squeeze? Or, were the shares oversold? We encourage investors to play it safe.
Esports: Motorsport Games revs its engine. The company was full steam ahead in investing in its new product launches in 2023, but it was running out of cash. Fortunately, a couple of favorable moves to add liquidity set the stock soaring, up 1,600% in one day, creating further opportunities to raise cash. Now, flush with cash, investors look toward the product rollouts.
Leisure: Travel to new heights. The U.S. Travel Association updated its 2023 outlook, projecting a resilient domestic leisure travel market. Consumers appear eager to splurge on travel, in spite of the economic headwinds. We focus on one of our favorite internet media plays, Travelzoo. The company recently updated Fourth Quarter 2022 guidance with revenues expected to be roughly $18.5 million, a strong 31% increase year over year.
Overview
Have economic prospects improved?
The Entertainment & Leisure industries performed better since the beginning of the year, providing some relief to the downturn that investors suffered in 2022. As Figure #1 Entertainment 12 Month Trailing Stock Performance highlights, the Entertainment and Leisure Indices are still recovering and many have yet to offset the 2022 declines, except for the Entertainment stocks. The Entertainment stocks not only have performed well in the first quarter, but have beat the general market as measured by the S&P 500 Index over the past year. The Noble Entertainment Index is up a modest 1.5% in the past year, better than the general market’s 7.1% decline. It is important to note that the Noble Indices are market cap weighted. As such, not all stocks reflected the favorable relative performance.
What is driving the improved stock performance in the latest quarter? We believe that investors have become more positive about the economic outlook, with conventional wisdom now anticipating a soft economic landing or a mild economic recession. This is a shift toward an optimistic tone from one that anticipated a severe economic recession. The Federal Reserve caused the dire outlook. The Fed signaled that it will continue to raise interest rates until inflation is arrested, in spite of the adverse impact on the economy and jobs. But, since then, conventional wisdom on the economy has brightened as inflation seems to have subsided. The more favorable economic outlook is exemplified by a Wall Street firm that decreased the risk of an economic recession in 2023 by a sizable 25%.
We tend to be skeptics and conservative. As such, we tend not to buy into strength. Our view is that the stocks were oversold and reflected recessionary type valuations. But, have the economic prospects really improved that much? We encourage investors to take an accumulation approach, focusing on some of our favorite stocks highlighted in this report, including Bowlero, Codere Online Luxembourg, Engine Gaming and Media, and Travelzoo.
Figure #1 Entertainment 12 Month Trailing Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Entertainment
Bowlero on a roll
The Noble Entertainment Index performed well, up 1.5% in the last 12 months, compared with negative returns for the S&P 500 down 7.1%. Although there were broad economic challenges over the past year, entertainment companies benefited from the general public’s return to “normal” following the COVID pandemic. We believe that the trend toward social gathering and in-person activities are helping to offset broader macroeconomic headwinds. While some industries received a boost during late 2020 and 2021 when consumers were spending stimulus checks on online shopping, the recovery for in-person entertainment has been more recent. In our view, the recovery in experiential, in-person entertainment appears to be gaining traction and the recovery could continue into 2024.
As Figure #2 Entertainment Revenue Growth illustrates, virtually all of the experiential entertainment companies reported strong revenue growth in the latest reported quarter, (the calendar third quarter end September 2022). One of the examples of the in-person recovery is in bowling centers, in general, and Bowlero, specifically. The company recently announced that it eclipsed $1 billion in Trailing Twelve Month (TTM) revenue as of December 31, 2022, which included 48% same store sales growth over the prior year. Additionally, Bowlero added 40 bowling centers over the past 18 months as it continues to successfully execute on its roll-up strategy. As revenues have improved, so too have margins. As Figure #3 Entertainment EBITDA Marginsillustrates, Bowlero delivered industry leading margins in the latest reported quarter at 24.8%.
Bowlero is on a roll. With the BOWL shares up roughly 50% in the past 12 months, the shares have outperformed both the Noble Entertainment Index up 1.5%, as well as the broader market, as measured by the S&P 500, which decreased -7.1%. In spite of the favorable fundamental tailwind, the shares trade in line with its experiential entertainment peers. Figure #4 Entertainment Comparables illustrates that the BOWL shares trade at 9.7 times Enterprise Value to our estimated 2023 adj. EBITDA, below the peer average of 10.7 times, despite the company’s industry leading fundamentals. Given its favorable fundamental outlook, prospects for enhanced revenue and cash flow growth through acquisitions and favorable internal growth, and compelling stock valuation, the BOWL shares lead our list for favorites in the Entertainment industry.
Figure #2 Entertainment Revenue Growth
Source: Company 10Qs
Figure #3 Entertainment EBITDA Margins
Source: Company 10Qs
Figure #4 Entertainment Comparables
Source: Company filings and Noble estimates
Gaming
Looking for value in the rubble
The Noble Gaming Index is down 53.1% in the past year, well below the S&P 500, down 7.1%. In our view, the poor performance of Gaming stocks was the result of investors trying to take risk off the table. Many Gaming companies are still in developmental stages, with high marketing and customer acquisition costs. As such, many in the industry are unprofitable and rely on the balance sheets to fund operations. Before Covid, these companies benefited from the easy money policies and favorable capital markets, which many relied on for funding. But, with the recent sharp rise in interest rates and difficult general market conditions to raise capital, the music has stopped. Gaming stock valuations are now more scrutinized, in an environment of increasing cost of capital. As such, we believe industry players that are already profitable, and those with little to no debt and ample cash on the balance sheet are best positioned for to lead the industry.
Our focus is on the shares of Codere Online Luxembourg, CDRO. The CDRO shares are down 42.4% in the last year, underperforming the S&P 500’s -7.1% return. However, despite a tough 12-month period, the CDRO shares outperformed the Noble Gaming Index, which dropped 53.1%. We believe that the relative outperformance of the CDRO shares over the past year reflects its better financial position than most of its peers. Most recently, the Noble Gaming Index improved, as illustrated in Figure #5 Three Month Stock Performance. The Noble Gaming Index increased 12.9%, outperforming the 3.2% increase in the general market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index. A reflex bounce? Short squeeze? Or, were the shares oversold? It appears to be all the above for many of the stocks in the index. The largest gains were from companies that appeared to be struggling and had favorable news. We believe that investing in struggling companies with limited access to capital is a dangerous place to be.
In terms of Codere Online Luxembourg, the fundamentals of the company appear favorable. Codere Online’s cash burn has been within expectations and the company had a strong cash balance of €72 million and virtually no long-term debt as of September 30, 2022. As such, the company appears positioned to continue executing its growth strategy in Latin America, which for the time being consists of broadening its presence in key markets such as Mexico and Columbia, and aggressively expanding in Argentina.
The company’s growth could be bolstered if Brazil begins regulating sports betting in 2023. Importantly, Entain CEO Jette Nygaard-Anderson, recently stated that she expects Brazil to complete process of regulating sports betting in 2023, citing new administration of President Lula. In summary, Codere Online is distinguished from many of its peers, with an established foothold in key Latin American markets, flush with cash to penetrate existing markets and enter new ones. It has the ability to become the industry leader in many of its markets.
Near current levels, the iGaming industry peer group is trading at 5.0 times Enterprise Value to 2023 revenues, illustrated in Figure #6 Gaming Comparables. Codere Online Luxemburg (CDRO) is one of our favorite plays in the iGaming industry due to several factors. As mentioned above, the company has virtually no long-term debt and €72 million in cash, as of September 30, 2022. We believe that the company has a favorable runway to reach cash flow breakeven while continuing to fund its expansion in the meantime. Furthermore, in our view, given its ability to invest in its developing markets, the company appears to have the ability to become the preeminent online gambling leader in many Latin American markets. Finally, the CDRO shares appear compelling, trading near 2.6 times expected 2023 revenue, well below peers. As a result, we view the CDRO shares as among our favorite online gambling plays, with the shares rated Outperform with $9 price target.
Figure #5 Three Month Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #6 Gaming Comparables
Source: Company filings and Noble estimates
Esports
Motorsport revs its engine
The Noble Esports Index was down 53% over the past year, underperforming the broader market, which was down 7%, as as measured by the S&P 500 Index. Not unlike many other emerging industries, Esports has been battered by macroeconomic headwinds over the past year. Investors are placing more importance on companies that are generating positive cash flow, rather than speculating on future profitability, given recessionary concerns and elevated interest rates. While the Esports industry has shown favorable trends in the number of viewers and hours watched, many companies are still burning cash and may need to raise additional capital. Total hours watched of esports content was up 40% in Q3 of 2022, illustrated in Figure #7 Esports Viewership.
The best performing stock in the Esports index was HUYA, which only declined by 9.7% on a TTM basis. Huya is the largest Esports live streaming platform in China and recently expanded into a variety of real-time events. Huya benefits from the favorable growth trends of the Esports and live streaming industries, as it does not rely on the popularity of a single game or tournament. The worst performing stock in the Esports index is Esports Entertainment Group (GMBL), which declined 97.2% on a TTM basis. The company burned through its cash and had limited access to additional capital.
In the latest quarter, however, the Noble Esports Index rebounded, up a strong 47.9%, as depicted in the earlier in Figure #5 Three Month Stock Performance. The strength in the quarter was due to a relatively few number of stocks, including HUYA (up 135.8%) and two of our favorite plays, Motorsport Games (MSGM) and Engine Gaming and Media (GAME), which increased 68.9% and 149.8%, respectively. In fact, Motorsport Games increased a stunning 1,618.8% with a trading day following news of a debt for equity swap.
Motorsport Games revs its engine
Motorsport Games is a publisher of motorsport video games, with the rights to iconic racing franchises such as NASCAR and 24 Hour of LeMans. The company recently completed a debt for equity swap which led to a surprisingly strong increase in the stock valuation. This allowed the company to complete several direct offerings, eliminating all company debt and raising over $11 million in cash. The capital raise alleviated liquidity concerns, allowing the company to continue developing games. In our view, the launch of several games in 2023 should allow the company to swing toward cash flow break even. We have moved our rating to Market Perform given that the shares blew through our $9 price target. Our rating is under review as the company updates investors on its product rollout roadmap and the level of cash burn until it launches its upcoming products.
Engine Gaming & Media
Another one of our favorites is Engine Gaming & Media (GAME). Engine Gaming & Media is a multi-platform media company engaged in most aspects of the Esports industry. The company’s media division coordinates video access and advertising, data analytics, and connects advertisers to social influencers in the gaming industry. Figure #7 Esports Viewership and Figure #8 Esports Live Streaming are from Stream Hatchet, the company’s live streaming data and Esports analytics business.
The company reported its fiscal first quarter results on January 17, 2023, which beat our expectations. Notably, the company’s influencer and gaming analytics software as a service revenue, a key growth vehicle, grew revenue by a strong 34.6% on a year over year basis. In addition, the company plans to merge with GameSquare Esports, which it expects will provide scale and provide cost synergies. Management indicated that the combination should accelerate the new company’s path toward profitability. We plan to update our models as more details emerge regarding the upcoming merger.
Figure #9 Esports Comparables highlight the stock valuations in the Esports industry. The valuations of many of the stocks, including Motorsport Games and Engine Gaming and Media are in flux. As mentioned, Motorsport Games significantly improved its financial position with recent equity raises and debt for equity swaps. Engine Gaming and Media’s fundamentals likely will change with a planned merger. In our view, the latest quarter has been a watershed moment for these companies. We look forward toward reevaluating our models, ratings and price targets upon more details on the developments from the respective companies.
Figure #7 Esports Viewership
Source: Stream Hatchet
Figure #8 Esports Live Streaming
Source: Stream Hatchet
Figure #9 Esports Comparables
Source: Company filings and Noble estimates
Leisure
Travel to new heights
Once again, we focus on the travel industry in our Leisure section due to some favorable developments and outlook. Notably, the U.S. Travel Foundation forecasts an increase in travel spending in 2023 above both 2022 and 2019 levels. This would indicate that the travel industry has fully recovered from the depressed Covid impacted levels. Airline flights are full and there is high demand for hotels, even though pricing for those rooms are significantly higher. What is driving the demand and will it continue?
For the U.S., there are three factors influencing the relatively favorable outlook for the U.S. travel industry. The domestic leisure travel has been resilient in spite of higher gas prices, hotel rooms and airline tickets. A recent article from Forbes suggests that U.S. leisure travel is rebounding despite inflation as it is one area where people are willing to splurge. A second contributing factor to the favorable outlook is Business travel. Business travel is expected to be somewhat weaker in 2023 given the prospect of a mild economic recession in 2023. But, the business travel outlook is improved as a severe economic downturn appears less likely. The weak area has been international inbound travel to the U.S. We believe that this is a function of the strong U.S. dollar relative to other major currencies. On the flip side, international travel from the U.S. appears to be favorable given the U.S. dollar strength.
We believe that the inflationary trends, higher airline fares and hotel rates, as well as sluggish international travel, all have prompted travelers to seek travel deals. Consequently, one of our favorite plays on the travel industry, Travelzoo, has seen fundamental improvement. As an internet media company, its business is derived from its advertisers and travel partners to offer travel deals to its customers. This is different from travel suppliers and online travel agencies that rely on travel demand. Notably, Travelzoo recently updated its fourth quarter revenue guidance to be roughly $18.5 million, an increase of a strong 31% year over year, in line with our forecast.
Travelzoo is one of our favorite plays for the recovering travel industry. The shares are down roughly 46% in the past year, which we believe could present an attractive entry point for investors. Since reaching lows in December near $4.11 per share, the TZOO shares have rallied, up roughly 25% since that time. In our view, the shares may have reacted to a recent merger involving its founder, Ralph Bartel. The merger brought with it an influx of cash, but increased Mr. Bartels ownership of the company from slightly over 50% to over 60%. We view the move favorably as it provides increase liquidity for the company. Given the prospect for a favorable environment for travel deals, we view Travelzoo as among our favored ways to play the travel industry and the subsequent improved advertising from its travel partners. We rate the shares Outperform with a $9 price target.
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Overview:Will It Be A Happy New Year? The full impact of the recent increase in interest rates likely have not been fully reflected in the economy. But, many media stocks seem to anticipate that the industry is in a downturn now. Notably, some stocks have recently performed better and the current fundamentals are not falling off of a cliff.
Digital Media: Coming Off Of Its Sugar High?While Google now plans to phase out cookies in the second half of 2024, it is likely that the plan will affect 2023 as marketers and publishers prepare for the deprecation of cookies.
Television Broadcasting: A Watershed Year For Streaming. Streaming has now eclipsed both broadcast TV and cable TV in terms of viewing based on Nielsen data. Recently, Netflix launched a new pricing plan on November 3 which offers a basic tier, with advertising, at a low price point of $6.99. What does this mean for the TV industry?
Radio Broadcasting:Digital Is Bolstering Performance. It has been a bloodbath for Radio stocks, but the fundamentals appear better than the stock performance might suggest. Radio broadcasters with significant digital businesses are anticipated to report favorable pacings in Q1.
Publishing: You Are Golden If You Have Digital. The trouble with the largest newspaper company, Gannett, has created a pall over the group as it struggles to cut expenses. But, companies with substantial digital operations have performed well. We highlight one of our current favorites Lee Enterprises (LEE).
Overview
Will It Be A Happy New Year?
2022 was one of the worse for media stock performance in recent memory, with stocks across traditional and digital media sectors down over 40% or more. Media stocks underperformed the general market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, which was down a more moderate 19.4% on a comparable basis for the full year 2022. It is typical for media stocks to underperform in a late-stage economic cycle or in the midst of an economic downturn. But, the significant stock declines are stunning. Macro-economic issues including inflation, rising interest rates, and the prospect of a looming economic downturn, all contributed to the poor performance.
The question is “will 2023 be better?” We believe so. There has been recent signs of life. The S&P 500 increased by 7% during the fourth quarter of 2022, marking the first time the Index had increased since fourth quarter of 2021. Notably, the Noble Publishing and Noble MarTech Indices outperformed the general market in the latest quarter. But, the full impact of the recent interest rate increase likely have not been reflected in the economy. Many media stocks seem to anticipate an economic downturn, but current fundamentals do not appear to be in a freefall and may be better than expected. If the economy further deteriorates from the recent or future rate hikes, it appears now that it may adversely affect the second half of 2023. Advertising pacings appear to be holding up well so far in the first half 2023. Notably, media stocks may begin to anticipate an improving economic outlook and overlook the weak fundamental environment in the second half.
Conventional thought anticipates that increasing concerns over an economic recession may prompt mortgage rates to trend lower in 2023. Furthermore, it is possible that the Fed may lower interest rates if inflation moderates, although the Fed is not currently anticipating rate decreases in 2023. Nonetheless, this paints a favorable picture for media stocks in 2023. Traditionally, the best time to buy media stocks is in the midst of an economic downturn. In addition, these consumer cyclical stocks tend to be among the first movers in an early-stage economic cycle and tend to perform well in a moderating interest rate environment. As mentioned earlier, the stocks may currently be oversold given the prospect that the current fundamental
environment is better anticipated.
What is the risk to this favorable outlook? We believe that the resurging Chinese economy may be disruptive. Within the last month, the China’s economy has been reopened from Covid lockdowns, which may put pressure on global energy prices. Such a prospect may make our fight on inflation more stubborn to combat, potentially throwing off our favorable outlook for moderating interest rates. In our view, we are closer to the light at the end of the tunnel than we were last year. Given the prospect that these stocks tend to outperform the market in an early stage economic recovery, we believe it is time for investors to accumulate positions in the media sectors. In this quarterly, we highlight some of our favorite plays in the Digital, Media & Technology space.
Digital Media & Technology
A Year To Forget
While there were signs of life in the fourth quarter of 2022 for the Internet and Digital Media sectors, 2022 was a year most investors in these sectors would like to forget. As Figure #1 LTM Internet & Digital Technology Performance illustrates, every one of these sectors substantially underperformed the S&P 500 last year. The S&P 500 Index finished the year down 19% which was substantially better than Noble’s Digital Media Index (-41%), MarTech Index (-52%), Social Media Index (-63%), and Ad Tech Index (-63%). Rather than focus on the stocks that significantly underperformed their respective Indices (and there are many), we would rather focus on the three stocks that finished 2022 up for the year.
The shares of one of our favorites, Harte Hanks (HHS)increased by 53% in 2022. The company continued its multi-year turnaround from a highly levered and unprofitable business (in 2019), to a double digit EBITDA margin business with a debt-free balance sheet. Furthermore, we believe that many of the company’s business lines have recession resilient qualities. The other stocks that performed well are Tencent (TME), whichincreased by 21%in 2022. Shares declined earlier in the year as China’s economy slowed as it maintained its Zero Covid-19 lockdowns, but surged in the fourth quarter as it appeared that the company would enjoy an increase in demand as China begins easing Covid restrictions. Finally, the shares of Perion Networks (PERI) increased by 5% in 2022 as Perion consistently beat expectation and raised its guidance throughout 2022. In the first week of 2023, the company once again pre-announced better than expected results for the fourth quarter, and shares are already up 14% since the start of the new year.
As Figure #2 Q4 Internet & Digital Technology Performancehighlights, there has been signs of life in Noble’s MarTech Index which increased 6%, roughly in-line with the market. In Noble’s MarTech Index, 11 of the 22 stocks in the index posted gains, led by Yext (YEXT; +46%), Shopify (SHOP; +29%), LiveRamp (RAMP; +29%) and Adobe (ADBE; +22%). This marks significant improvement from last quarter when only 4 of the sectors’ stocks finished the quarter in positive territory. MarTech stocks have suffered from a market reset to revenue multiples that began when the Fed began raising rates. MarTech share price declines in the first, second and third quarters of 2022 were mostly driven by multiple compression as investors rotated out of high-flying tech sectors where companies had chased growth at all costs (at the expense of profitability). Only 7 of the MarTech companies in the Index posted positive EBITDA in the latest quarter. Laggards during the fourth quarter were Noble’s Digital Media Index (-5%), Social Media Index (-7%) and Ad Tech Index (-20%).
Coming Off Of A Sugar High?
One of the largest issues affecting the Digital Media industry in 2023 will be the phase out of the use of third-party cookies. Cookies were used to track a user visits on internet sites and that data was used to model behavior. The industry has moved away from the use of cookies as governments and consumers have raised concerns over privacy issues and as consumers wanted more control over how their data is used. Governments have taken a more active role in protecting consumer privacy. California, Colorado, Connecticut, Utah, and Virginia have passed privacy laws. It is likely that there will be a federal privacy law at some point.
How will this affect the industry? We believe that there has been plenty of time to “work around” this issue. The implementation of the phase out of cookies has been delayed several times, originally announced by Google in 2020. Google now plans to phased out cookies in the second half of 2024, if it is not delayed again. As marketers and publishers prepare for the deprecation of cookies, digital advertising likely will be begin to affect 2023.
Digital Advertising Outlook for 2023
Last October eMarketer revised lower its 2023 U.S. digital advertising forecast by $5.5 billion, from $284.1 billion to $278.6 billion. While this sounds like a substantial drop in percentage terms, the 2023 guidance was lowered from 14% growth to 12% growth. Most of the global ad agencies expect digital to continue to grow by double digits driven with dollars migrating to such digital ad channels as retail media and connected TV. Both sectors continue to demonstrate impressive growth.
Retail Media – A retail media network is a retailer-owned advertising service that allows marketers to purchase advertising space across all digital assets owned by a retail business, using the retailer’s first-party data to connect with shoppers throughout the buying journey. eMarketer forecasts that retail media ad spending grew by 31% last year to $41 billion and will grow to $61 billion over the next two years, by which time it will equate to 20% of digital advertising. The leaders in retail media are Amazon, Walmart and Instacart.
Through a retail media network, partners (advertisers) get direct access to a retailer’s customers. The benefit to the partners/advertisers is that they get access to first party data. Retailers own and store this data and allow advertisers to access them through their retail media programs. The first party data is valuable because it is collected at the point of sale allowing brands to get better insights into purchase behavior. Traditional retailers are beginning to follow suit. Traditional retailers with the largest digital audiences (per comScore) are Walmart, Target, Home Depot, Lowes, CVS, Walgreens, Costco and Kohls.
On January 10th, Microsoft announced that it intended to create the industry’s most complete omnichannel retail media technology stack supported by its Promote IQ platform, a company Microsoft acquired in 2019. We expect companies that serve the retail media sector from an Ad Tech or Mar Tech standpoint are poised to benefit from secular trends in this sector.
Connected TV (CTV) – Last July, Nielsen announced that for the first time U.S. streaming TV viewership was larger than cable TV viewing. In July 2022, eMarketer forecast that CTV advertising would reach $18.9 billion in 2022. However, in October 2022, eMarketer raised its forecast for CTV advertising by $2.3 billion to $21.2 billion in 2022. In October, the forecaster also raised its 2023 CTV advertising forecast by $3 billion to $26.9 billion, up from $23.9 billion in the July 2022 forecast. The big increase is due primarily to Netflix and Disney+ announcing they were launching ad supported tiers to their streaming offerings. Ad Tech or Mar Tech companies that serve this market are also poised to benefit from secular viewing trends and the advertising dollars that are migrating to these platforms, discussed later in this report.
The ability to target specific audiences and measure specific outcomes tied to the ads that viewers watched, has made CTV a force to be reckoned with, particularly for those advertisers that are never quite sure which advertising mediums provide the highest returns. Historically, TV was a mass medium used by large brands that wanted massive reach. CTV has opened the door to a wider variety of advertisers that are looking to reach more targeted, even niche, audiences. According to MNTN, a connected TV performance marketing platform, many CTV advertisers are first-time TV advertisers. With new FAST (Free Ad-Supported Streaming TV) channels coming online every month, there is no shortage of supply coming to market. This is just one reason why eMarketer predicts CTV advertising to grow by $10+ billion over the next two years and reach nearly $32 billion in advertising revenue in 2024.
As we look toward 2023, our current favorites include Harte Hanks (HHS) and Direct Digital (DRCT). In terms of Harte Hanks, we believe that the company has recession resilient qualities and that the company’s balance sheet is in a sound position. Furthermore, given the recent rising interest rate environment, the company’s unfunded pension liabilities have dramatically improved. The company may have the opportunity to further mitigate its pension liabilities in 2023. Figure #3 Marketing Tech Comparables highlights, the shares of HHS are trading well below its peers. We believe that there is meaningful upside potential in the shares as it closes the valuation gap with its peers.
While the deprecation of cookies has created a pall over the sector, we believe that Direct Digital has worked with its Publishers to mitigate this issue. In addition, the company is a relatively small player in a very large marketplace. As such, we believe that the company has the ability to attractively grow in 2023. In our view, the shares appear to be oversold given the continuation of favorable advertising trends. Figure #4 Advertising Tech Comparables illustrates that the DRCT shares trade below the average valuation in its Advertising Marketing peer set. In our view, the valuation should be higher than the averages given that the company has leading industry revenue growth. Closing this valuation gap offers compelling stock appreciation potential.
Figure #1 LTM Internet & Digital Technology Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #2 Q4 Internet & Digital Technology Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Marketing Technology
Figure #3 Marketing Tech Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Noble estimates
Figure #4 Advertising Tech Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Noble estimates
Traditional Media
Another Quarter Of Moderating Stock Performance
Traditional media stocks underperformed the general market in 2022, with the Radio sector the hardest hit. As Figure #5 LTM Traditional Media Performance Chart illustrates, the Noble Radio Index declined 63.8% versus 19.4% for the general market, as measured by the S&P 500, in a comparable time period. Television and Publishing stocks were down 23.2% and 25.4%, respectively, more in line with the general market returns. But, there were notable company stock performance disparities within each sector, highlighted later in this report. Larger market capitalized companies performed better, which skewed the market cap weighted Indices.
The traditional media stocks seemed to have stabilized from the rapid declines earlier in the year. Possible signs of life in the traditional media sector as well? As Figure #6 Q4 Traditional Media Performance highlights, the Publishing sector once again outperformed the general market in the quarter. The Noble Television Index declined 3.2%, but this decline moderated from the 10.1% decline in the third quarter. The Radio industry still has not yet stabilized, with the Noble Radio Index down 15.4% in the latest quarter.
Figure #5 LTM Traditional Media Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #6 Q4 Traditional Media Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Television Broadcast
Will Netflix suck the air out of the room?
Netflix launched a new pricing plan on November 3 which offers a basic tier, with advertising, at a low price point of $6.99. This compares with its previous tiers of $9.99 and $19.99 for advertising free streaming. While reports indicate that the advertising platform is off to a slow start, we believe that the Netflix move could be disruptive to the Broadcast Television Network business as its lower price basic service gains traction. It is likely that there will be some cannibalization from its higher pricing tier, but we believe that the move will broaden its subscriber base. While Netflix has not considered offering live sports on its streaming platform given the cost of sports rights, we believe that the potential success of its subscription/advertising tier may provide a platform to upend that decision. There is a strong tailwind for viewership trends on streaming platforms, which now exceed that of broadcast television viewing. A decision to enter sports will be a big deal and disruptive to Network broadcasting.
Streaming viewership not only eclipsed television viewing in July 2022, but also that of cable viewing, 34.8% versus 34.4%. In addition, based on the latest Nielsen data from November 2022, streaming now accounts for 38.2% of total viewing with Broadcast at 25.7% and cable at 31.8%. Figure #7 Viewership illustrates the November viewership data. While TV viewership increased 7.8% in November, largely due to sports content, streaming usage year over year was up more than 41%.
Figure #7 Viewership
Source: Nielsen Media Insights
Scripps Plans To Expand Sports
The declining cable subscriptions and cable viewership, especially on regional sports networks, led E.W. Scripps to launch a new Scripps Sports division. This division plans to seek broadcast rights from teams and leagues and bring that programming to broadcast television. The company plans to obtain rights either in local TV markets where it can partner with the the teams or on a national basis, utilizing its distribution on its Ion Network. It is important to note that ION is unique from other networks. Ion’s distribution is nearly 100% of the US television market given that it has local licenses and local towers in every market, it is fully distributed on cable and satellite, and is offered over the air. As such, we believe that Scripps offers a unique proposition to sports teams interested in building its audiences.
Will ATSC 3.0 Stream The Tide?
Furthermore, the broadcast industry appears to be more aggressively ramping its own streaming capabilities with the rollout of its new broadcast standard, ATSC 3.0. ATSC 3.0 is built on the same Internet Protocol as other streaming platforms, and, as such, broadcast programming and internet content can be accessible in the car, on mobile devices, as well as in the home. Importantly, the new standard can handle signal shifting, like if you were moving in a car, and the signal is more robust so you may be able to pick up more stations in a local market. While there are many opportunities for the new standard, services and offerings are still being developed. But, it offers promising opportunities for broadcasters to compete with streaming services in the future. We expect that the industry will make more announcements about this promising technology at future events, including the upcoming NAB Show, April 16-19 in Las Vegas, NV.
Are We In A Recession?
In our view, the current fundamentals may be better than the stocks project. Advertising seems to be holding up, post political advertising. As Figure #8 TV Q3 YoY Revenue Growth highlights, most companies in the industry reported strong Q3 revenue growth, influenced by a large influx of Political advertising. Figure #9 TV Q3 EBITDA Margins illustrates that the largest broadcasters, particularly Nexstar, has the largest EBITDA margins. Notably, the two stocks with the highest revenue growth in the quarter, Entravision and E.W. Scripps, performed the best in the fourth quarter, discussed later.
Notably, Local advertising appears to be fairing better than National advertising. Based on our estimates, core local advertising is expected to be down in the range of 5% to 8%, with core National down as much as the double digits. We believe that some large advertising categories like Auto, Retail and Home Improvement will show improving trends. The first quarter 2023 appears to be consistent with the fourth quarter. Smaller market TV likely will perform at the lower end of the range, while larger market TV will be at the higher end (greater core revenue decline). Broadcast Network is another story, which we believe is weak. Network has potential heightened competition. Figure #8 TV Q3 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #9 TV Q3 EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon and Company filings
As mentioned earlier, the Noble Television Broadcast Index declined 3.2% in the latest quarter, underperforming the general market’s 7.2% advance. Importantly, the 3.2% decline in valuations was a moderation from the 10.1% decline in the third quarter. There were variances in the performance and some notable performers including two of our favorites: E.W. Scripps, which increased 5.8% and Entravision, which increase 5.3%. Both of these companies were among the strongest revenue performers in the third quarter. Among the poor performers was Gray Television, down a significant 33.7% and Sinclair Broadcasting, down 24.0%. With the TV stocks down a significant 23.2% for the year, have the stocks already assumed that the industry is in an economic downturn? We believe that the stock may be oversold based on the prospect that advertising is currently holding up in the first quarter.
Is There Room For Upside?
As Figure # 10 TV Industry Comparables highlight, most TV stocks are trading in a tight range of each other. The biggest variance in stock valuations is our current favorite Entravision, trading at 5.9 times EV to our 2023 EBITDA estimate, well below that of its industry peers which trade on average at 7.7 times. We believe that Entravision, which has migrated to become a leading Digital Media company which contributes roughly 80% of its total company revenues, should trade at a premium to its broadcast peers, rather than at a discount. Investors appear to be somewhat confused by the company’s relatively low EBITDA margins, which is a function of how revenues are accounted for in its Digital Media Division. We would also note that its financial profile is among the best in the industry, with a large cash position and modest net debt position of $86 million. As such, EVC leads our favorites in this sector.
Figure #10 TV Industry Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
Radio Broadcast
Digital Is Bolstering Performance
The radio industry index was the worst performing index in the traditional media segment, declining 15.4% in the quarter and 63.8% for the year. The radio industry is feeling the pressure that recessionary concerns place on the demand for advertising. In addition to increased competition for audiences from digital music providers and shifting advertising dollars from radio to a more targeted advertising medium, digital media.
Figure #11 Radio Industry Q3 YoY Revenue Growth chart illustrates the year over year change in revenue for the third quarter. Urban One and Townsquare Media top their peers with revenue growth of 8.9% and 8.4%, respectively. A common theme with companies at the top of the list are diversified revenue streams. Salem Media and Beasley Broadcast Group are in the middle of the pack and are both taking steps to further diversify revenue. Salem has diversified into content creation and digital media and Beasley is continuing to pursue digital agency model. The median Q3 revenue growth rate was 1.5%, and the average revenue growth was -1%. The Average growth rate of -1% is skewed due to the poor performance of Medico holdings. In previous quarters Medico benefited from Covid-19 vaccine advertising campaigns and ticket sales for an annual outdoor live event that took place in Q3 of 2021. Without Covid vaccine advertising and Medico’s concert being held in Q2 2022 instead of Q3 resulted in revenue declining 33.6% on a year over year basis.
Industry adj. EBITDA margins were healthy, as Figure #12 Radio Industry Q3 EBITDA margins illustrates, Urban one, Townsquare Media and Iheart Media top the list with adj. EBITDA margins of 30.6%, 25.6% and 25.5%, respectively.
After the 2022 calendar year ended, Moody’s downgraded Cumulus Media’s Corporate Family Rating to B3 from B2. Moody’s believes Cumulus Media will face a further decline in advertising demand as the economy weakens. Moody’s could upgrade its rating if leverage decreases to 5x as a result of positive performance and could downgrade its rating if leverage ratio increases to 7x as a result of poor performance. It should be noted that Cumulus has a large cash position of $118 million and could access an additional $100 million through an asset backed loan.
However, there are several companies in the Radio industry with improving leverage profiles. Moreover, we believe that radio companies are diversifying traditional revenue streams with digital revenue. In our view, companies that achieved a greater degree of digital transformation and are better shielded from macroeconomic headwinds. Figure #13 Radio Industry Comparables highlights, Townsquare Media, Cumulus Media, and Salem Media are among the cheapest in the group. For those companies with substantial digital media businesses that are growing rapidly, like Townsquare Media and Beasley, we believe that advertising pacings in the first quarter are likely to be positive. On the low end pacings are expected to be flat to plus 3% and may even be stronger, up 8% or more in the second quarter (although this is too early to bank). In our view, advertising for these companies do not appear to be falling off of a cliff as the stocks seem to project. As such, we believe that the Radio sector appears to be in an oversold position and should have some upside prospects in 2023. Our favorites include TSQ, SALM, BBGI, and CMLS.
Figure #11 Radio Industry Q3 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #12 Radio Industry Q3 EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #13 Radio Industry Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
Publishing
Illustrated above in Figure #6 Q4 Traditional Media Performance, the Publishing stocks had a pretty good quarter, up 17.9% as measured by the Noble Publishing Index versus the general market as measured by the S&P 500 Index up 7.1%. But the largest stocks in the index, New York Times and News Corp, were the only stocks that were up in the sector. Given that the Noble Publishing Index is market cap weighted, it was the reason that the Index was up in the quarter. Importantly, one of our favorites, Lee Enterprises was down a very modest 2.3% in the quarter. Again, the relatively favorable performance of the index was primarily due to its largest constituents, News Corp. and The New York Times, which rebounded from -29.7% and -39.1%, respectively in Q2, to -3% and +3%, respectively, in Q3 and then up 16.8% and 16.3%, respectively, in Q4.
We believe that Gannett, the nation’s largest newspaper company, continues to create a pall over the publishing group as it continues to struggle to manage cash flows with its heavy debt burden. In August, the company announced a round of lay offs of 400 employees and then announced another 200 in December. We believe that the company is trying to shore up its cash flow amidst a weak fundamental environment. Not surprisingly, the GCI shares were among the worse performers in the sector in the latest quarter, down 30%. To a large extent, the stock performance in the latest quarter reflected the various company results in Q3.
As Figure #14 Publishing Industry Q3 YoY Revenue Performance chart illustrates, Q3 publishing revenue declined on average 1.1%, which excludes the strong revenue growth of the Daily Journal. The company benefited from its Journal Technologies consulting fees which bolstered revenues in its fiscal Q4 results. In addition, during the year, the company sold marketable securities for roughly $80.6 million, realizing net gains of $14.2 million. As such, we have backed out the extraordinary results of the Daily Journal from our industry averages. Notably, Gannett had the weakest revenue performance in the latest quarter, down 10%.
The notable exceptions to the overall weak industry revenue performance was The New York Times, up 7.5% in Q3 revenues, which reflected a moderation in revenue growth from the prior quarter of an increase of 11.5%. News Corp, declined 1%, which was well below the 7.3% gain in the prior quarter. Importantly, Lee Enterprises fiscal quarter revenue was down a modest 0.2%, a sequential improvement from the modest 0.7% decrease in the prior fiscal quarter. We believe that Lee’s digital strategy continues to gain traction and that the company is very close to an inflection point toward revenue growth. We continue to note that Lee’s digital subscriptions currently lead the industry. The company has exceeded all of its peers in terms of digital subscription growth in the past 11 consecutive quarters. Furthermore, over 50% of its advertising is derived from digital. Currently, roughly 30% of the company total revenues are derived from Digital, still short of the 55% at The New York Times, but closing the gap.
Not only is Lee performing well on the Digital revenue front, it has industry leading margins. As Figure #15 Publishing Industry Q3 EBITDA Margins illustrates, Lee’s Q3 EBITDA margins were industry leading at 16.7%, again, excluding the extraordinary results at the Daily Journal which benefited from marketable securities trading. We believe that Lee’s margins are notable given that it demonstrates that the company is managing its margins in spite of the investments in its Digital Media businesses. Its margins place it on pare with its Digital Media focused peers, such as the New York Times.
As Figure #16 Publishing Industry Comparables chart illustrates, the LEE shares trade at an average industry multiple of 5.7 times Enterprise Value to our 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate. Notably, the company is closing the gap with its Digital Media revenue contribution to that of New York Times. The New York Times carries a significantly higher stock valuation, currently trading at an estimated 15.8 times EV to 2023 adj. EBITDA. We believe that the valuation gap with the New York Times should close. As such, we view the LEE shares as among our favorites in the industry.
Figure #14 Publishing Industry Q3 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #15 Publishing Industry Q3 EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #16 Publishing Industry Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates.
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All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Michael Heim, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Energy Stocks Were Strong. Energy stocks rose 21.5% in the fourth quarter far outpacing a 7.1% rise for the S&P 500 Index. For the year, energy stocks were up an impressive 57% versus a 20% decline in the overall market. The strength can largely be attributed to rising energy prices, although we would note that energy prices have largely leveled out after a strong first half of the year.
Oil prices are near $80. Near month oil future contracts are now almost $80 per barrel, below peak prices but significantly higher than historic prices. At $80 per barrel, most energy companies are very profitable and generating significant excess free cash flow. Despite the favorable economics, energy companies have been slow to drill new wells, and modest production increases have come mainly from improved efficiencies. In addition, there is a growing belief that OPEC’s spare capacity is declining questioning its ability to meet demand increases. As time passes, $80 oil is starting to feel like the new equilibrium level with $40-$60 oil prices a thing of the past.
Gas prices are rising even more than oil prices. Natural gas prices have risen steadily over the last two years even as production levels have been steady. Storage levels, which were running below historical levels, have improved in recent months.
Energy industry fundamentals remain strong. Oil and gas prices are near historical highs and above the levels assumed in our financial and valuation models. Energy company cash flow generation is high, and companies are facing the envious position of trying to decide what to do with the cash. Debt levels have been pared down and managements have been raising dividend levels and repurchasing shares. Drilling is increasing but at a controllable pace that doesn’t seem likely to put prices into a downcycle. We believe the case for smaller cap energy stocks is especially strong. If our belief that a world-wide recession is already factored into energy prices is correct, small cap energy companies will be in the best position to take advantage of any price increase.
Energy Stocks
Energy stocks, as measured by the XLE Energy Index, rose sharply in the most recent quarter after logging in a flat third quarter. In the fourth quarter, energy stocks rose 21.5% far outpacing a 7.1% rise for the S&P 500 Index. For the year, energy stocks were up an impressive 57% versus a 20% decline in the overall market. This year’s strong performance comes after last year’s 50% rise. The strength can largely be attributed to rising energy prices, although we would note that energy prices have largely leveled out after a strong first half of the year.
Oil Prices
Oil prices rose steadily over a two-year period beginning the spring of 2020. WTI prices peaked at $120 per barrel in the first week of June. Prices declined in the third quarter but seem to have leveled off in recent months. Near month oil future contracts are now almost $80 per barrel, below peak prices but significantly higher than historic prices. At $80 per barrel, most energy companies are very profitable and generating significant excess free cash flow. As time passes, $80 oil is starting to feel like the new equilibrium level with $40-$60 oil prices a thing of the past.
Figure #1
Despite the favorable economics, energy companies have been slow to drill new wells. U.S. rig count, as reported by Baker Hughes, crept up to 779 rigs by the end of the year. This compares to a peak level of 1,600 in 2014. The disparity between increased profitability and increased capital expenditures is shown in the chart below. Operating cash flow has soared over the last two years, but capital expenditures have barely increased. The result has been a large increase in dividend payments, share repurchases and debt reduction.
Figure #2
While capital expenditures have not increased in line with cash flow, it would be unfair to say that oil production has not increased. Indeed, current production levels are above that during peak drilling periods in 2014. The implication is that drilling has become more productive. While drilling advances such as the use of horizontal drill and fracking in shale deposits may be old hat, it is worth noting that drillers have been refining drilling techniques for individual drilling locations. Drillers continue to perfect the ideal number of fracking targets and the materials used to frack. In addition, as we discussed in our September quarter comments, there has been a sharp increase in the number of well recompletions, which are less expensive to complete but not a long-term solution.
Figure #3
Meanwhile, OPEC has been increasing production in recent years after making sharp reductions during the COVID years. However, there are growing concerns that OPEC’s overall capacity is declining and that its spare capacity has consequentially declined. If this is indeed true, OPEC’s ability to fulfill increased demand for oil may be limited. This would bode well, not only for oil prices, but for the role domestic producers will have in meeting demand.
Figure #4
Natural Gas Prices
The chart below shows natural gas prices against production levels. As the chart shows, natural gas prices have risen steadily over the last two years even as production levels have remained steady. To that extent, natural gas prices are acting like oil prices. Natural gas prices tend to track oil prices but with a few distinctions. Natural gas demand and supply is less global than oil. Imports (and now exports) of liquefied natural gas represent a small portion of domestic supply and demand. Secondly, natural gas is used primarily for space heating. That means demand is more seasonal. It also means demand can be affected by weather conditions. On the other hand, natural gas demand is less affected by general economic conditions than oil.
Figure #5
Storage levels, which were running below historical levels, have improved in recent months. We would note that the most recent storage numbers do not reflect the cold snap across the country during the last week of the year. Cold temperatures may send storage levels lower than is reflected in the chart below.
Figure #6
Outlook
Energy industry fundamentals remain strong. Oil and gas prices are near historical highs and above the levels assumed in our financial and valuation models. Energy company cash flow generation is high, and companies are facing the envious position of trying to decide what to do with the cash. Debt levels have been pared down and managements have been raising dividend levels and repurchasing shares. Drilling is increasing but at a controllable pace that doesn’t seem likely to put prices into a downcycle.
We believe the case for smaller cap energy stocks is strong. Major oil companies are facing increasing pressure to focus on renewable energy instead of producing more carbon-based fuel. Smaller cap energy companies are less tethered and often able to acquire and exploit properties being ignored by the majors. If our belief that a world-wide recession is already factored into energy prices is correct, small cap energy companies will be in the best position to take advantage of any price increase.
GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Mark Reichman, Senior Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Mining companies outperform the broader market. During the fourth quarter, mining companies (as measured by the XME) appreciated 17.2% compared to a gain of 7.1% for the S&P 500 index. The VanEck Vectors Gold Miners (GDX) and Junior Gold Miners (GDXJ) ETFs were up 18.8% and 21.0%, respectively. Gold, silver, copper, and lead futures prices gained 9.2%, 26.3%, 12.3%, and 6.1%, respectively, while zinc declined 1.1%. For the full year 2022, all indices outperformed the S&P 500 which declined 19.4%. Despite aggressive rate hikes by the Federal Reserve and U.S. dollar strength, gold performed as a store of value with the price ending just under where it began the year.
Will precious metals break out to the upside? The U.S. Dollar Index declined 7.7% during the fourth quarter, while the yield on the 10-year treasury note increased from 3.80% to 3.88%. While the Federal Reserve has signaled higher rates, an inflection point may have been reached as investors sought to preserve value amid deteriorating economic conditions, geopolitical uncertainty and market volatility. In our view, interest rates could peak by mid-year with the potential for easing depending on economic conditions. We think precious metals prices around current levels are sufficient for mining companies to be profitable and attract new investment. Our outlook is for range-bound pricing around current levels with a modest upward bias in the first half of 2023.
Less certain near-term outlook for industrial metals. While the price of copper declined 13.2% in 2022, the price rebounded in the fourth quarter. On a full year basis, zinc and lead prices were down 6.1% and up 1.2%, respectively. While the long-term investment case for owning industrial metals mining companies remains favorable, it may be too early to offer a bullish call due to near-term concerns about economic growth in the U.S. and abroad.
Putting it all together. In our view, precious metals mining companies, notably exploration companies, continue to offer attractive return potential. Should gold and silver prices hold recent gains, investors may begin to invest more confidently and aggressively. While the near-term outlook for industrial metals could be negatively impacted by near-term macroeconomic factors, an eventual return to economic growth could result in strong prices due to potential supply and demand imbalances.
GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Michael Kupinski, Director of Research, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Patrick McCann, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Jacob Mutchler, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Overview. Develop a shopping list.This report focuses on the looming economic recession and how investors should position portfolios for the prospect of an economic recovery. But, a more important theme of this report is for investors not to look for the past leaders in the industry as the best way to play a rebound. In this report, we look beyond a rebound play and focus on our favorite growth plays.
Digital Media: The smaller beat the goliaths.Two of our current favorites in the AdTech and MarTech industries performed better than most of its respective peers in the quarter. Can the momentum continue?
Television Broadcasting: Will political carry the quarter? With signs of weakening National advertising, broadcasters are looking forward toward Q4 Political as an offset. Political advertising, however, is not usually evenly spent across all markets. There may be winners and some losers.
Radio Broadcasting: Polishing its tarnished image.One of the epic fails of the radio industry has been Audacy, once one of the leadership companies of the industry. The AUD shares are down a staggering 95% from highs in March 2021. New industry leaders are emerging and they are not focused on radio. We highlight a few of our current favorites.
Publishing: Once a leader, now a loser.It is hard to believe that Gannett was once a $90 stock and held a record for one of the longest strings of quarterly earnings gains in the S&P 500 Index. The shares are down 80% from year earlier highs to near $1.37. We believe that investors should take a look at a company that has developed into an impressive Digital Media publisher.
Overview
Develop A Shopping List
The best time to buy stocks is typically in the midst of an economic recession. Investors begin to look beyond the economic weakness and begin positioning portfolios for an economic rebound. The hard part is determining when the economy is in the middle of the downturn. It appears by all standard definitions of an economic downturn that the U.S. is in an economic recession. But, how long will a downturn last? Should investors try to be cute to predict the midpoint of the downturn?
Many economic pundits paint the current state of the economy against the canvas of the 1970s, a period of high inflation and low economic growth. There are many similarities. The Federal Reserve in the early 70s was willing to provide cheap money to fuel the economy, without much concern about inflation. In the second half of the 70s, the economy was rocked by fuel supply shortages and high inflation. During the Covid pandemic, both fiscal and monetary policy was designed to provide liquidity and to make sure that people were able to pay their bills during the economic lockdowns. This had the affect of increasing personal income, even though GDP declined 31.4% in 2020. As the economy reopened, there was significant demand for goods and services, some of which were in short supply because of the previous and recurring economic lock downs. Simplistically, this fueled inflation, high demand with a consumer that had disposable income and limited supply.
As Figure #1 Early 1970s chart illustrates, the US economy grew 9.8%, as measured by real GDP, from January 1972 to September 1975. Notably, the stock market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, declined a significant 18.6%. This was a period marked by rising inflation due to government spending. The inflation rate, as measured by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, was a reasonable 3.3% in 1972, but increased to 11.1% in 1974 and then moderated slightly to 9.1% in 1975. The inflation rate remained above 5% for the following 3 years.
Figure #1 Early 1970s
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis and Yahoo Finance.
Given the current state of rising energy prices, many pundits paint the current US economic plight similar to the period of fuel shortages of the late 1970s. As Figure #2 Late 1970s illustrates, the US economy, as measured by real GDP, grew 13.5% from January 1977 to October 1981, an average of slightly more than 3% per year. Notably, inflation increased significantly, from 6.5% in 1977 to 11.3% in 1979, followed by 13.5% in 1980, and 10.3% in 1981. The stock market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, did not react well, up 9.3% from January 1977 to October 1981, an average of 2.3% growth.
Figure #2 Late 1970s
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis and Yahoo Finance.
So, where are we now? In the present, the Covid induced government spending and stimulus related fiscal policy, large spending on the Ukraine war, and a Fed unwilling to rein in early signs of inflation has put the US in a dire economic position. Certainly, supply chain shortages contributed to the current rise in inflation, as well. The Fed now appears to have religion on inflation and is aggressively raising interest rates. The Fed indicated that it is willing to create economic pain to arrest inflationary pressures. Most certainly this will cause additional economic weakness. The stock market in the near to intermediate term will need to digest the likelihood of weakening corporate profits, as well. Furthermore, as it relates to the equity markets, other investment classes, such as bonds, may become more appealing, taking demand from the stock market.
We believe that arresting inflation would set a favorable trajectory for the stock market, as investors position for the prospect of an economic recovery. To some degree, the 24.4% drop in the stock market, as measured by the S&P 500 index, from January 2022 to near current levels, anticipate some of the headwinds for investors described earlier in this report, including weakening corporate profits, the prospect of a further weakened US, and, even global economy, a move toward other investment classes, and stubborn inflation. What is different this time is that the Fed now appears to be aggressively tackling inflation. As such, the 47% drop in the stock market from highs in 1973 to the low in 1974 may not be a prelude to the current environment. It was a different Fed and it took different actions.
We encourage a different approach than trying to time the market. Our advice is for investors to develop a shopping list and begin accumulating. But, be selective.
We believe that the leadership companies of the past economic downturns are not likely to be the best positioned for the looming economic downturn or the recovery. Many of the larger cap names in each sector have fallen on hard times. This is discussed more fully in the following sector reports. Those that appear to be well positioned are companies that have diversified revenue streams, transitioned to faster growth digital businesses, and pared down debt. We encourage investors to focus on these companies given the prospect of faster revenue and cash flow growth coming out of the possible recession. Some of our current favorites include Entravision, Townsquare Media, Salem Media, Harte Hanks, Direct Digital, and Lee Enterprises. These companies are discussed in the following sector summaries.
Internet & Digital Media
Internet and Digital Media stocks declined for the fourth consecutive quarter in a row, as Figure #3 Internet & Digital Media Stock Performance illustrates. It wasn’t all bad, as Noble’s Ad Tech Index outperformed the general market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, up +7%. Comparatively, the S&P 500 Index decreased by 5%. Figure #4 Internet & Digital Media Q3 Performance reflects the outperformance of the AdTech sector. AdTech also materially outperformed Noble’s other Internet & Digital Media subsectors, including Noble’s Digital Media Index (-10%); Social Media Index (-15%) and MarTech Index (-16%). Notably, some of our closely followed companies significantly outperformed the respective peer group and outperformed the general market, discussed later in this report.
Figure #3 Internet & Digital Media LTM Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #4 Internet & Digital Media Q3 Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Marketing Technology
Harte Hanks shines in MarTech
The worst performing sector was the MarTech sector, which is also the least profitable sector. This likely explains the sector’s underperformance. Only 4 of the 24 companies we monitor in this sector generate positive EBITDA, and investors migrated away from unprofitable growth stocks towards more profitable companies or defensive sectors that might withstand a recession better. Investors would clearly like to see companies in this sector accelerate their path to profitability, and most companies in the sector are responding accordingly. To be fair, some of the companies that aren’t EBITDA positive do generate positive cash flow from operations, which is a quirk of SaaS software accounting. Of the two dozen companies in this sector, the only stock that was up during the quarter was Harte-Hanks (HHS), whose shares increased by 68%. HHS continues to generate improved operating results while lowering its debt and pension obligations.
MarTech stocks have also been victims of their own success. Earlier this year the group traded at average revenue and EBITDA multiples of 8.5x and 70.8x, respectively. Today the same group trades at average revenue and EBITDA multiples of 4.5x and 30.1x, respectively. Stocks like Shopify (SHOP), and Hubspot (HUBS) entered the year trading at 22.2x and 14.7x 2022E revenues, respectively, and now trade at 5.3x, and 7.7x, respectively. Some of this appears to be a Covid-related hangover: when Covid hit, retail companies needed to emphasize their online channels, and companies like Shopify benefited. As consumers return to stores, growth has moderated. Shopify aside, the broader message investors seem to be sending is that recurring revenues are great, but not if they are paired with EBITDA losses at a time when economy appears to be heading into a potential recession.
As Figure #5 Marketing Tech Comparables illustrate, the shares of Harte Hanks is among the cheapest in the sector, currently trading at 5.1 times Enterprise Value to our 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate. We believe that the modest stock valuation relative to peers, currently trading on average at 12.9 times, illustrates the head room for the stock in spite of the 68% move in the latest quarter. The shares of HHS continue to be among our favorites in the sector.
Figure #5 Marketing Tech Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
Advertising Technology
Direct Digital exceeds peers
Noble’s AdTech Index was the worst performing Index of the group in the second quarter when it was down 39%. As such, it was nice to see a better performance in the third quarter. In addition, Noble Indices are market cap weighted, and we attribute the relative strength of the Ad Tech Index to the performance of The Trade Desk (TTD), the Ad Tech sectors largest market cap company, whose shares were up 42% during the quarter. Other notable performers were Digital Media Solutions (DMS; +73%) which announced a deal to be taken private, and Zeta Global (ZETA; +46%), whose 2Q results significantly exceeded guidance. Despite the relative strength of the sector, returns were not broad-based: only 9 of the 23 stocks in the Ad Tech sector were up during the quarter.
One of our closely followed companies, Direct Digital (DRCT) had a strong performance, up 75% in the quarter. The company’s second quarter exceeded expectations and the company raised full year 2022 revenue and cash flow guidance by a significant 40%. The company appears to be bucking the downward trend in National advertising, which is reflected in its peer group quarterly performance.
As Figure #6 Advertising Tech Comparables illustrate, Direct Digital Holdings is trading near the averages in terms of Enterprise Value to the 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate. We would note that this valuation is low considering that the company is outperforming its peers. As such, we believe that there is a valuation gap and we continue to view DRCT shares as among our favorites.
Figure #6 Advertising Tech Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
Traditional Media
Downward trends, but some bright spots
The Traditional Media stocks have had tough sledding this year. As Figure #7 Traditional Media LTM Stock Performance illustrates, all of Noble’s Traditional Media Indices have declined over the past 12 months and each have underperformed the general market. The downward spiral seemed to have moderated somewhat in the third quarter.
Notably, during the third quarter, many of the stocks had a very nice bounce before resuming a downward trend, as Figure #8 Traditional Media Q3 Stock Performance illustrates. At one point in the latest quarter, stocks were up as high as 30% from the second quarter end. It is important to note that only the Publishing stocks outperformed the general market in the latest quarter. A description of the traditional media sectors follow with our favorite picks for the upcoming quarter and year.
Figure #7 Traditional Media LTM Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #8 Traditional Media Q3 Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Television Broadcasting
Noble’s TV Index dropped 10.1% in the third quarter, underperforming the broader market (-5.3%), illustrated in Figure #8 Traditional Media Q3 Stock Performance. As we indicated in our previous quarterly report, we believe that there would be a trading opportunity in the media stocks. The latest quarter stock performance indicated that. Many of the TV stocks had a strong performance from the end of the second quarter (June 30) to highs achieved in August. Many of the TV stocks increased a strong 25% on average. It is instructive to know that E.W. Scripps had the largest advance from June 30 lows, up 31% to highs achieved August 16. When the industry is in favor, the shares of E.W. Scripps tends to outperform its industry peers. The shares of Entravision (EVC) were the next best performing within the quarter, up 30%, before trading lower and ending down 12%.
The TV stocks were challenged by macro economic pressures such as inflation, rising cost of borrowing, and a Fed determined to curb inflation by slowing the economy. In the end, interest rate increases by the Fed curbed enthusiasm for TV stocks and the Noble TV Index ended the third quarter down.
As Figure #9 Q2 YOY Revenue Growth illustrates, the average television company reported 11.1% revenue growth in the latest quarter. Most broadcasters were very optimistic about Political advertising, with some raising forecasts to be near the levels of the Presidential election, a highwater mark. We would note that Entravision had the highest revenue performance in the quarter, up 24%, as the company continues to benefit from its transition toward faster growth Digital, which now accounts for over 80% of its total company revenues.
Industry adj. EBITDA margins were healthy, as Figure #10 Q2 EBITDA margins illustrate, with the average margin for the industry at 25.5%. It is notable to mention that Entravision margins appear to be significantly below that of the industry at 10.1%. Its Digital business is a rep business, and, as such, the company reports revenues on a net basis and not gross revenues. While a rep business tends to be a lower margin business, the reporting of rep revenues gives the appearance of very low margins. The company is in a strong cash flow and free cash flow position.
Most companies will be reporting third quarter financial results in the first two weeks in November. We believe that the third quarter will reflect an influx of Political advertising, even though the lion’s share of the Political advertising likely will fall in the fourth quarter. Consequently, we believe that the third quarter revenue growth will be better than the second quarter, showing some acceleration. With signs of weakening National advertising, and a likely weakening Local advertising environment in some larger markets, broadcasters are looking forward toward Q4 Political as an offset. Many broadcasters indicated that Political advertising may be at record levels in 2022, even higher than the Presidential election year of 2020. Political advertising, however, is not usually evenly spent across all markets. As such, there may be winners and some disappointment.
Investors are not encouraged to buy a Television broadcaster on the basis of the upcoming fourth quarter Political advertising influx. There are broader issues at play, like cord cutting, slowing Retransmission revenue growth, and the prospect for a weakening economy. We believe broadcasters with minimal emphasis on National advertising, a larger focus on small to medium size markets and local advertising, are best positioned to weather an economic downturn. We also like companies that do not have high debt leverage. In addition, we like diversified companies that can benefit from cord cutting, like E.W. Scripps, or have diversified revenue streams and large fast growing digital businesses, like Entravision. As Figure #11 TV Industry Comparables illustrate, the shares of Entravision are among the cheapest in the industry and the EVC shares leads our favorites in the industry.
Figure #9 TV Industry Q2 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #10 TV Industry Q2 EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #11 TV Industry Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
Radio Broadcasting
Polishing its tarnished image
One of the epic fails of the radio industry has been Audacy, once one of the leadership companies in the industry. The AUD shares are down a staggering 95% from highs in March 2021. The poor stock performance reflects the poor revenue and cash flow performance and high debt levels at the company. Recently, the company announced that it plans to sell some of its prized assets, including its podcasting business, Cadence 13, in an effort to more aggressively pare down debt. While Audacy struggles, there are emerging leaders in the industry, many that are not focused on its radio business, discussed later in this report.
As Figure #12 Radio Industry Q2 YoY Revenue Growth chart illustrates, the average radio revenue grew 8.9%. Companies that were at the top of the list of revenue growth had diversified revenue streams. Townsquare Media was the best performer, with Q2 revenue growth of 13.6%. We believe that Townsquare also benefits from significantly lower National advertising and concentration on less cyclical larger markets. Other diversified companies that performed better than the lower growth companies in the group were Salem Media and Beasley Broadcasting. Salem Media has diversified into content creation and digital media and Beasley recently accelerated its push into Digital Media. Separately, Beasley recently announced a station swap with Audacy, which will enhance its position with its four existing stations in Las Vegas.
On the margin front, Townsquare Media also was among the leaders in the industry. Notably, Townsquare Media’s digital business carries margins similar to its Radio businesses, near 30%. As such, its investments in Digital Media are not depressing its total company margins. As Figure #13 Q2 Radio Industry EBITDA Margins illustrate, Townsquare’s Q2 adj. EBITDA margins were 26.6%, well above that of the larger industry peers like iHeart (24.9%), Cumulus Media (19.2%), and Audacy (12.0%).
In looking forward toward the upcoming third quarter results, which will be released in coming weeks, we believe that the effects of rising inflation and weakening economy will start to show. Many of the larger broadcasters which focus on larger markets, have national network business, may disappoint. In addition, we believe that there will be spotty Political advertising performances. In our view, the resulting potential weakness in the stocks may create an opportunity to more aggressively accumulate or establish positions.
Radio stocks largely mirrored the performance of the TV industry, falling 9% in the third quarter, illustrated above, in Figure #8 Traditional Media Q3 Stock Performance. Last quarter we pointed out that large industry players such as Audacy and iHeart had an outsized negative impact on the market cap-weighted index. This was due to the stocks being downgraded by a Wal Street firm on the basis of high leverage in a time of recession.
However, there are several broadcasters in the Radio industry with improving leverage profiles. Furthermore, we believe that in a time when traditional radio companies are making a transition to more digitally based revenue sources, investors would do well to differentiate among them on that basis as well. In our view, certain companies are ahead of peers in the digital transformation and are better shielded from certain fundamental headwinds that have traditionally plagued radio broadcasters in prior recessions. We encourage investors to focus on Townsquare Media (TSQ), Salem Media (SALM), and Beasley Broadcasting (BBGI). As Figure #14 Radio Industry Comparables highlights, Townsquare Media, Cumulus Media, and Salem Media are among the cheapest in the group.
Figure #12 Radio Industry Q2 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #13 Q2 Radio Industry EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #14 Radio Industry Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
Publishing
Once a leader, now a loser
It is hard to believe that Gannett was once a $90 stock and held a record for one of the longest strings of quarterly earnings gains in the S&P 500 Index. The shares are down 80% from year earlier highs to near $1.37. For some anti newspaper investors, this is a “told you so” moment. But, this view missed notable exceptions, like the New York Times, which seemed to transition more quickly toward Digital revenues. There are publishers that are set apart from the weak trends at Gannett and are on a favorable trajectory toward a Digital future. As such, we believe that investors should not throw the baby out with the bathwater or avoid the industry. There are gems here, which is discussed later in this report.
There were sizable differences in the financial performance of the companies in the publishing group. As Figure #15 Publishing Industry Q2 YoY Revenue Performance chart illustrates, Q2 publishing revenue declined on average 1.5%. The notable exceptions to this performance was The New York Times, up 11.5%, News Corp, up 7.3%, and Lee Enterprises, down a modest 0.7%. The improved performance into the ranks of the leaders in the industry is quite notable. Lee’s digital subscriptions currently lead the industry. The company has exceeded all of its peers in terms of digital subscription growth in the past 11 consecutive quarters. Furthermore, over 50% of its advertising is derived from digital. Currently, roughly 30% of the company total revenues are derived from Digital, still short of the 55% at The New York Times, but closing the gap.
Not only is Lee performing well on the Digital revenue front, it has industry leading margins. As Figure #16 Q2 Publishing Industry EBITDA Margins illustrates, Lee’s Q2 EBITDA margins were 11.8%, in line with News Corp and second only to the New York Times at 17.4%. We believe that margins should improve over time as the company continues to migrate toward a higher digital margin business model.
Illustrated above in Figure #8 Traditional Media Q3 Stock Performance is Noble’s Publishing Index, which decreased a modest 2.4% in the quarter, outperforming the S&P (-5.3%). The relatively favorable performance of the index was primarily due to its largest constituents, News Corp. and The New York Times, which rebounded from -29.7% and -39.1%, respectively in Q2, to -3% and +3%, respectively, in Q3. The average percentage change of the stocks in the industry was -16.2%, more in line with Traditional Media as a whole. One of the poor performing stocks in the index for the quarter was Gannett (GCI) which declined 47%. It was recently reported that the company implemented austerity measures included unpaid leave and voluntary layoffs. In the case of Lee Enterprises, the shares were down a much more modest 7%, more in line with the general market. In our view, the company is expected to report favorable third quarter results and the shares are undervalued.
As Figure #17 Publishing Industry Comparables chart illustrates, the LEE shares trade at an average industry multiple of 5.8 times Enterprise Value to our 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate. Notably, the company is closing the gap with its Digital Media revenue contribution to that of New York Times, which is currently trading at an estimated 14.5 times EV to 2023 adj. EBITDA. We believe that the valuation gap with the New York Times should close as well. In recent Lee Enterprise news, a buyout specialist investor filed a 13D and indicated interest in taking the company private.While financial players continue to circle the wagons for Lee, we believe that investors should take note. In our view, the LEE shares are compelling and offer a favorable risk/reward relationship.
Figure #15 Publishing Industry Q2 YoY Revenue Growth
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #16 Q2 Publishing Industry EBITDA Margins
Source: Eikon and Company filings
Figure #17 Publishing Industry Comparables
Source: Eikon, Company filings and Nobles estimates
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Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Overview: Developing A Shopping List. With the U.S. economy in the midst of a recession, we believe investors should be on the lookout for stocks on the “discount rack.” In our view, companies that possess ample funding and favorable growth characteristics could be well positioned to survive the downturn and be on the forefront of the subsequent economic recovery. This report highlights some of our favorite picks in the Entertainment & Leisure industries.
Entertainment: Bowlero Bowls Over Its Peers. Bowlero’s most recent fiscal quarter illustrated a continuation of the entertainment industry’s COVID rebound. Bowlero’s Group Event revenue grew 140% from the prior year period while total revenue was up 68%. With cash flow margins above 30% and cash on the balance sheet of $132 million, the company is poised to continue making accretive acquisitions in the fragmented bowling industry.
Gaming: Placing A Bet On Codere. The CDRO shares have been punished year-to-date (-58%) despite the company executing on its growth strategy as planned and maintaining pace to meet full-year guidance. Given a combination of robust growth in key Latin American markets and a balance sheet that boasts €84 million in cash and no LT debt, we believe the shares offer a favorable risk/reward relationship.
Esports: Motorsport Games Gets Funding. After a difficult second quarter a transformative restructuring plan has been implemented, which is estimated by the company to reduce overhead costs by 20% and save $4 million by the end of 2023. Additionally, Motorsport has secured $3 million from an existing credit line. These promising changes allow for more dollars to be spent on key revenue drivers.
Leisure. Travelzoo Readies A New Journey. Although Travelzoo (TZOO) is a digital media company, it is one of our favorite ways to play the recovering travel industry.
Investment Overview
Developing A Shopping List
The best time to buy stocks is typically in the midst of an economic recession. Investors begin to look beyond the economic weakness and begin positioning portfolios for an economic rebound. The hard part is determining when the economy is in the middle of the downturn. It appears by all standard definitions of an economic downturn that the U.S. is in an economic recession. But, how long will a downturn last? Should investors try to be cute to predict the midpoint of the downturn?
Many economic pundits paint the current state of the economy against the canvass of the 1970s, a period of high inflation and low economic growth. There are many similarities. The Federal Reserve in the early 70s was willing to provide cheap money to fuel the economy, without much concern about inflation. In the second half of the 70s, the economy was rocked by fuel supply shortages and high inflation. During the Covid pandemic, both fiscal and monetary policy was designed to provide liquidity and to make sure that people were able to pay their bills during the economic lockdowns. This had the affect of increasing personal income, even though GDP declined 31.4% in 2020. As the economy reopened, there was significant demand for goods and services, some of which were in short supply because of the previous and recurring economic lock downs. Simplistically, this fueled inflation, high demand with a consumer that had disposable income and limited supply.
As Figure #1 Early 1970s chart illustrates, the US economy grew 9.8%, as measured by real GDP, from January 1972 to September 1975. Notably, the stock market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, declined a significant 18.6%. This was a period marked by rising inflation due to government spending. The inflation rate, as measured by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, was a reasonable 3.3% in 1972, but increased to 11.1% in 1974 and then moderated slightly to 9.1% in 1975. The inflation rate remained above 5% for the following 3 years.
Figure #1 Early 1970s
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis and Yahoo Finance.
Given the current state of rising energy prices, many pundits paint the current US economic plight similar to the period of fuel shortages of the late 1970s. As Figure #2 Late 1970s illustrates, the US economy, as measured by real GDP, grew 13.5% from January 1977 to October 1981, an average of slightly more than 3% per year. Notably, inflation increased significantly, from 6.5% in 1977 to 11.3% in 1979, followed by 13.5% in 1980, and 10.3% in 1981. The stock market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, did not react well, up 9.3% from January 1977 to October 1981, an average of 2.3% growth.
Figure #2 Late 1970s
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis and Yahoo Finance.
So, where are we now? In the present, the Covid induced government spending and stimulus related fiscal policy, large spending on the Ukraine war, and a Fed unwilling to reign in early signs of inflation has put the US in a dire economic position. Certainly, supply chain shortages contributed to the current rise in inflation, as well. The Fed now appears to have religion on inflation and is aggressively raising interest rates. The Fed indicated that it is willing to create economic pain to arrest inflationary pressures. Most certainly this will cause additional economic weakness. The stock market in the near to intermediate term will need to digest the likelihood of weakening corporate profits, as well. Furthermore, as it relates to the equity markets, other investment classes, such as bonds, may become more appealing, taking demand from the stock market.
We believe that arresting inflation would set a favorable trajectory for the stock market, as investors position for the prospect of an economic recovery. To some degree, the 24.4% drop in the stock market, as measured by the S&P 500 index, from January 2022 to near current levels, anticipate some of the headwinds for investors described earlier in this report, including weakening corporate profits, the prospect of a further weakened US, and, even global economy, a move toward other investment classes, and stubborn inflation. What is different this time is that the Fed now appears to be aggressively tackling inflation. As such, the 47% drop in the stock market from highs in 1973 to the low in 1974 may not be a prelude to the current environment. It was a different Fed and it took different actions.
We encourage a different approach than trying to time the market. Our advice is for investors to develop a shopping list and begin accumulating. But, be selective. We focus on companies with favorable balance sheets, or are well funded, have compelling growth characteristics, and attractive free cash flow. In other words, we look for companies that appear well positioned to come out on the other side of the recession and will benefit from an economic recovery.
In this, our inaugural issue of the Entertainment and Leisure Industry Quarterly, we look at several companies that have favorable investment attributes for investors to consider. As Figure #3 Entertainment 12 Month Trailing Stock Performance Chart illustrates, the Entertainment Group performed poorly over the past 12 months. The Noble Entertainment index performed the best among our three Entertainment & Leisure sectors, down 16.1%, slightly outperforming the general market as measured by the S&P 500 Index, which decreased 16.8% in the comparable period. The Noble iGaming Index decreased 53.6% and the Noble eSports Index decreased 82.5% as these developmental industries were adversely affected by the closing of the capital markets to fund expansion. Given the weakness in these sectors, we look for the hidden gems. Some of our favorites highlighted in this report include: Bowlero (BOWL), Motorsport Games (MSGM), Travelzoo (TZOO) and Codere Online Luxemburg (CDRO)
Figure #3 Entertainment 12 Month Trailing Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Entertainment Industry
Bowlero Bowls Over Its Peers
While the entertainment industry is broadly defined, we take a look at the Experiential Entertainment industry, in general, and at Bowlero (BOWL), specifically. In the latest quarter, the Noble Entertainment Index outperformed the general market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, up 0.7% versus the general market decline of 5.3%. One of the contributors to the outperformance of the Entertainment group was Bowlero, up 16.2% in the comparable period.
The Bowlero shares reacted well to the company’s fiscal fourth quarter earnings release on September 15th. Q4 revenue of $267.7 million increased a strong 68% from year earlier levels and an impressive 42% above our estimate of $188.3 million. The strong revenue was attributed to favorable “walk-in” revenue, driven in part by a continuation of the Covid recovery. Adj. EBITDA was well above our estimate at $82.4 million, 45% higher than our forecast of $56.8 million.
How did Bowlero perform relative to its peers? As Figures #4 and #5 Entertainment Q2 Performance illustrates, Bowlero’s revenue growth for the comparable company peer second quarter outperformed its peers, save Live Nation. Live Nation’s revenue growth was 670%, reflecting the year earlier absence of events. Outside of Live Nation, Bowlero’s revenue growth of 68% compared favorably with the rest of its experiential entertainment peers, including Dave & Buster’s Entertainment’s, up 24%, and Vail Resorts, up roughly 31%.
Notably, management indicated that first quarter revenues are pacing 23% higher than year earlier results. As such, we raised our fiscal Q1 revenue forecast from $193.5 million to $222.5 million and raised our Q1 Adj. EBITDA estimate from $61.4 million to $72.0 million. Given strong operating momentum, we raised our fiscal full year 2023 revenue estimate to $983.5 million from $899.3 million and our Adj. EBITDA estimate to $322.2 million from $301.3 million. While we anticipate Bowlero’s revenue growth will slow as it faces more difficult comps due to the post Covid recovery and potential economic weakness, we believe that the company is well positioned. Furthermore, we expect that the company will grow revenues faster than most of its peers post Covid recovery due to the growth potential of its industry.
Figure #4 Entertainment Q2 Performance
Source: Company 10Qs
Figure #5 Entertainment Q2 Performance
Source: Company 10Qs
As of July 3, the company had $132.2 million in cash and $865.1 million in long-term debt. Debt is a comfortable 2.6 times our calendar year 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate, with net debt a conservative 2.1 times. With a large cash balance and strong cash flow generation (32% adj. EBITDA margin), we believe the company is well positioned to repurchase stock, upgrade its facilities, and/or acquire new facilities. The company has a large $200 million share repurchase authorization, of which it repurchased 3.3 million shares at an average share price of $10.07. There is a large repurchase authorization remaining. Furthermore, we believe that the company will seek acquisition fueled growth, possibly in other experiential center based facilities other than bowling.
Notably, the BOWL shares trade at 8.6 times our revised calendar full year 2023 adj. EBITDA forecast, below peers which currently trade near 9.5 times. Figure #6 Entertainment Comparables highlight the stock valuations in the experiential entertainment group. Given its favorable growth profile, (the company has grown faster than its peers), a healthy balance sheet, compelling stock valuation, and prospects for acquisition fueled growth, we view the Bowlero shares as among our favorites in the sector and one to put on a shopping list for a recovery play.
Figure #6 Entertainment Comparables
Source: Capital IQ and Noble estimates.
iGaming Industry
Placing A Bet On Codere
The past year has been tough on the iGaming industry. The Noble iGaming Index is down nearly 54% versus a negative 17% for the general market, as measured by the S&P 500 Index. In the latest quarter, the iGaming stocks seemed to have stabilized, up 1.6% versus a continued general market decline, down 5.3% for the general market. Interestingly, as Figure #7 Third Quarter Stock Performance chart illustrates, the iGaming sector was the best performing sector among the Entertainment and Esports sectors, which were up a modest 0.7% and down 38.1%, respectively.
The shares of Codere Online Luxembourg could not fight the headwinds of the industry wide selling pressure. The CDRO shares dropped 70% from its post de-SPACing in December 2021 to near current levels. The weakness in the shares has been in spite of the company executing on its growth strategy as planned and maintaining its fundamental pace to meet full-year guidance. In the latest quarter, the shares drifted 3.9% versus the industry which increased 1.6%.
Figure #7 Third Quarter Stock Performance
Source: Capital IQ
We believe that the CDRO shares are a victim of throwing the baby out with the bath water. The poor performance of the iGaming industry in many respects is due to the developmental nature of the industry. Many of the companies included in the Noble iGaming index do not generate positive cash flow. As such, balance sheets have been supporting growth investment. Certainly, there will be a shake-out of players in the industry that do not have the financial capability to invest for growth. We believe that Codere Online is one of the survivors.
First, the company has been executing on its development plans to expand its operations in Latin America, as evidenced by favorable quarterly results. The latest second quarter net gaming revenue grew 41% to $29.2 million, accelerating from the 24% year-over-year growth in Q1. At $11.9 million, Mexico accounted for nearly 41% of the revenue, growing 85% over the prior year period. Operations in Columbia contributed $2.2 million, with 56% growth. Even revenue in Spain grew 12%, despite restrictions on marketing in the country.
Given a combination of robust growth in key Latin American markets and a balance sheet that boasts €84 million in cash and no LT debt, we believe the shares offer a favorable risk/reward relationship. We believe the company is off to a good start since the completion of the SPAC merger, with strong execution of its growth strategy in Latin America. Management is continuing expansion with plans to add to the company’s presence in Argentina. In August, the company completed its application for an online gambling license in Cordoba, Argentina’s second-most populous province. If the company is granted a license, which would likely happen before year-end, it would begin operations shortly after the issuance. Notably, Cordoba will issue up to 10 licenses and Codere Online is one of just 10 applicants. Management believes there is an opportunity for the company to be a market leader in Argentina. To that end, the company expanded its partnership with Argentine soccer club River Plate, during the quarter becoming the club’s primary sponsor. The Codere logo is now on the front of the club’s jersey, which will increase the company’s visibility in the country.
Although the company is not yet cash flow positive, its operations in Spain generated its highest quarterly cash flow since Q2 2020. Adj. EBITDA in Spain was $3.6 million, enough to offset 87% of the $4.1 million adj. EBITDA loss from the company’s operations in Mexico. Interestingly, the marketing restrictions in the country came with a silver lining of lower competition. This is because the restrictions make it harder for newer operators to establish their brands in the country. Additionally, the lower marketing costs contributed to the strong cash flow generation. Notably, management expects similar cash flow generation going forward for the Spanish operations. We view the situation in Spain favorably as the consistent cash flow profile will help fund the expansion in Latin America and have a mitigating impact on the company’s cash burn.
Figure #8 iGaming Comparables highlight the stock valuations in the iGaming industry and the valuation gap between the industry and Codere. Near current levels, the CDRO shares trade at 0.2 times enterprise value to 2023 expected revenue. Like other companies that have negative cash flow, the CDRO shares have suffered in recent months. However, Codere Online does not appear to be in need of funding to execute on its growth strategy. As such, we believe that investors have not differentiated it from its peers. Our price target of $9 reflects a target EV/2023 revenue multiple of 2 times, more in line with peers of 4 times, but with additional headroom for upside. The shares are rated Outperform.
Figure #8 iGaming Comparables
Source: Capital IQ and Noble estimates.
Esports Industry
The Esports industry had a difficult year and a difficult quarter in terms of stock performance. The horrible stock performance does not reflect the overall industry trends. Video gaming is still on the rise. It is estimated that there are 2.7 billion gamers worldwide, expected to achieve an estimated 3.0 billion gamers in 2023, based on Newzoo’s numbers. The video game market is expected to reach $159.3 billion this year and grow to $200.0 billion in 2023. So, what about the Esports industry? Esports viewership was elevated during the Covid lockdowns, with viewership significantly higher. As Figure #9 Esports Viewership Outlook illustrates, viewership trends are expected to increase even from the elevated 2020 levels to over 640 million viewers in 2025.
In spite of the compelling industry fundamental trends, the individual esports companies in the space are struggling. Many of the companies were developmental, and, as such, were caught without investment spend as the capital markets closed. We find some gems in the rubble of the esports industry. The stock that we would like to highlight in this report is Motorsport Games (MSGM). Motorsport Games is a publisher of motorsport video games, with the rights to iconic racing games such as NASCAR and 24 Hour of LeMans. After a high of $15.50 in October 2021, the shares are currently trading at $0.78 per share.
Recently, the company announced several moves to shore up its financing until it releases a set of new motorsport games in 2023. At that time, the company is expected to significantly improve its financial capability to invest in future updates to its expanding game portfolio. First, the company announced that it will decrease overhead by an annualized $4 million. Secondly, the company will receive a $3 million cash advance from its majority shareholder, Motorsport Network. This agreement is under the same terms as its previous $12 million line of credit, which had been paid off. Finally, the company plans to have a 1 for 10 reverse stock split. This move is to maintain NASDAQ listing requirements.
Near current levels, the MSGM shares trade at an enterprise value below cash value, well below peers as Figure #10 Esports Comparables illustrate. We view the shares as an option on the company’s ability to fund its operations long enough to launch its new titles and cash in on its world class licensing agreements. We view the shares as a high risk/high reward opportunity, suitable only for speculative investors. We rate the shares Outperform with a price target of $2.50. Notably, our price target, which represents significant upside, implies a conservative target enterprise value of just 0.7 times 2023 revenue. Please read the attached report for important disclosures.
Figure #9 Esports Viewership Outlook
Source: Newzoo/Statista
Figure #10 Esports Comparables
Source: Capital IQ and Noble estimates.
Leisure Industry
The Leisure industry is a very broad industry. In this report, we highlight a company that is in the Travel Leisure industry, but is really an advertising/media company. But, because its business is closely aligned with the travel industry, we have included it in this Leisure report. The company is Travelzoo. Much like the travel industry, there has been fits and starts with the recovery post Covid. Many countries are now open, travel restrictions are gone, and, even Covid/mask policies have relaxed. But, the industry, in general, and Travelzoo, in particular, are dealing with the weakening global economies.
In the recent second quarter, the favorable revenue momentum from the first quarter fizzled. Total company revenues declined 7.3% year over year and were down roughly 4% from the first quarter. Some seasonality appears to be at play here. The question will be whether the softness in the quarter was related to general macro economic trends and if those trends appear to be evident heading into the third quarter. We believe that the weak quarter is related to choppiness in revenue due to the company’s transition toward advertising rather than “getaway” voucher sales. As such, we do not believe that there is an unraveling of the fundamental underpinning of the company.
The company sold travel “getaway” vouchers during the Covid pandemic. Those voucher sales accounted for as much as 60% of total company revenues. Now that the travel industry is coming back, the company has pivoted toward its traditional advertising focused model. We estimate that “getaway” voucher sales were between 15% to 20% of total revenues in the latest quarter. Given that advertising represents a higher margin business, gross margins were higher than expected in the quarter (87.8% versus our 85.4% estimate). But, advertising was not as strong as what we had hoped. Management believes that travel demand increased beyond the capability of the travel industry. While prices increased for airline tickets, the industry was not able to deal with the demand given staffing shortages. Similarly, hotels faced the same issue. As a result, airlines have cutback on flights. More recently, given a waning consumer demand and softening US economy, airline prices are coming back down. We believe that the company is entering a more favorable environment given softening demand. In other words, the travel industry will need to provide favorable deals to lure consumers to travel. That is the sweet spot for Travelzoo.
Notably, the company has a flexible and improving balance sheet. As of June 30, the company had $26.6 million in cash and restricted cash and no long term debt. The company had $47.9 million in merchant liabilities (which reflects the amount of un-redeemed voucher sales). The amount of cash would be expected to be reduced as vouchers are redeemed. There are roughly $14 million in receivables. Management indicated that credit card receivables collection should significantly enhance its cash position in 2023. Given that the company will be generating positive cash flow, it is possible that the company will begin share repurchases. The company has a 1 million share repurchase authorization. The company did not repurchase shares in the latest quarter.
Near current levels, the shares trade at just 4.6 times enterprise value to our 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate, using a fully-diluted share count of 14.9 million. Our price target of $10, reflects a target multiple of 8.3 times enterprise value to our 2023 adj. EBITDA estimate. We believe over the next quarter or two revenue growth acceleration could serve as a catalyst to drive the share price higher. The shares are rated Outperform. Please see the report for important disclosures and information.
The latest report on the companies mentioned in this report may be downloaded by clicking on the respective company name:
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Michael Heim, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Energy stocks, as measured by the XLE Energy Index, were essentially flat during the third quarter rising 0.1%. The performance was impressive given overall market weakness. The S&P Composite Index declined 5.0% during the quarter. What makes the performance even more impressive is the fact that spot oil prices declined 25% during the quarter. We believe energy stocks remain an attractive investment and are an important part of a diversified investment portfolio.
WTI prices peaked at $120 per barrel in the first week of June. Since then, prices have declined in response to signs of a global economic slowdown. Near month oil future contracts are now below $80 per barrel. We believe recent weakness largely reflects demand concerns and foreign currency changes but is not a condition of oversupply. The domestic rig count remains at less than half peak levels. What’s more, rig count has leveled off in recent months in response to the decline in oil prices.
Production has risen to 90% of peak, but it has been done by harvesting the low-hanging fruit. When oil prices began falling early in 2020, there was an increase in Drilled Uncompleted (DUC) wells. When prices rose, drillers focused on completing DUCs. With the number of DUCs having fallen in half, future supply increases will be more difficult. If demand does not decrease in reaction to a slowing economy, domestic production may be hard pressed to meet demand. If worries about a recession are overblown and demand increases, there’s a good chance oil prices will be back at a price of $120 or even higher.
Energy industry fundamentals remain strong. The recent drop in oil prices does not concern us as long-term prices are still above the levels assumed in our financial and valuation models. Energy company cash flow generation is high, and companies are facing the envious position of trying to decide what to do with the cash. Debt levels have been pared down and managements are reluctant to initiate/raise dividends in case the industry goes into a down cycle forcing them to reverse course. Share repurchase remains a viable option especially if energy stocks continue to be weak alongside the overall market.
Energy Stocks
Energy stocks, as measured by the XLE Energy Index, were essentially flat during the third quarter rising 0.1%. The performance was impressive given overall market weakness. The S&P Composite Index declined 5.0% during the quarter. What makes the performance even more impressive is the fact that spot oil prices declined 25% during the quarter. We believe energy stocks remain an attractive investment and are an important part of a diversified investment portfolio.
Oil Prices
Oil prices rose steadily over a two-year period beginning the spring of 2020. WTI prices peaked at $120 per barrel in the first week of June. Since then, prices have declined in response to signs of a global economic slowdown as governments raise interest rates to fight inflation. Near month oil future contracts are now below $80 per barrel.
Figure #1
We believe recent weakness largely reflects demand concerns and foreign currency changes but is not a condition of oversupply. Historically, oil prices are lower when the dollar is stronger. This is because most oil suppliers, including international suppliers, demand payments in dollars.
The domestic rig count remains at less than half peak levels. According to Baker Hughes, there were 764 active rigs as of September 23, 2022, as compared to 1600 in 2015. What’s more, rig count has leveled off in recent months in response to the decline in oil prices.
Figure #2
Rig count is one way to forecast future supply. While only half the peak number of rigs are active, that does not mean that production is half of peak levels. In fact, as the chart below shows, domestic daily production surpassed 2015 peak rig production levels in 2018. Production declined sharply when oil prices fell in 2020 but have recovered to a point where production has reached 90% of peak production. The increased production demonstrates an improved productivity per well as drillers better tailor drilling techniques to individual formations.
Figure #3
But before we chalk up increased production to improved technology, let’s look at one more chart. The chart below shows the number of drilled but uncompleted (DUC) wells against active rigs. The chart shows that the number of uncompleted wells has declined sharply the last two years as the active rig count has grown. When oil prices began falling early in 2020, drillers continued drilling but often did not complete the wells. This led to a large increase in the number of DUC wells. When prices started rising in the summer of 2020, drilling returned. However, drilling was largely focused on completing or reworking wells.
Figure #4
The implication of a declining DUC count is that the industry is running out of low hanging fruit. Future drilling will need to focus on wells that are likely to have a lower production rate per rig than what we have witnessed recently. Declining production could exasperate already low inventory levels (see chart below). Thus, if demand does not decrease in reaction to a slowing economy, domestic production may be hard pressed to meet demand. If worries about a recession are overblown and demand increases, there’s a good chance oil prices will be back at a price of $120 or even higher.
Figure #5
Natural Gas Prices
Natural gas prices tend to track oil prices but with a few distinctions. Natural gas demand and supply is less global than oil. Imports (and now exports) of liquefied natural gas represent a small portion of domestic supply and demand. Secondly, natural gas is used primarily for space heating. That means demand is more seasonal. It also means demand can be affected by weather conditions. On the other hand, natural gas demand is less affected by general economic conditions than oil. As the chart below shows, natural gas prices do not seem to be affected by recession concerns as compared to oil prices.—-
Figure #6
Source: Natural Gas Intelligence
Summer is usually a quiet time for natural gas prices. Wells are producing more gas than is demanded, and gas is put in inventory. As is the case with oil, inventory levels are running below historical averages as we approach the point of withdrawing from inventory. This bodes well for natural gas prices remaining at current historical high levels and perhaps even rising higher.———- page break ———-
Figure #7
Outlook
Energy industry fundamentals remain strong. The recent drop in oil prices does not concern us as long-term prices are still above the levels assumed in our financial and valuation models. Energy company cash flow generation is high, and companies are facing the envious position of trying to decide what to do with the cash. Debt levels have been pared down and managements are reluctant to initiate/raise dividends in case the industry goes into a down cycle forcing them to reverse course. Share repurchase remains a viable option especially if energy stocks continue to be weak alongside the overall market.
We also believe the case for smaller cap energy stocks is strong. Major oil companies are facing increasing pressure to focus on renewable energy. While the majors are increasing drilling, they are doing so in a controlled manner as they also invest in green energy. Smaller cap energy companies are less tethered and often able to acquire and exploit properties being ignored by the majors. If our belief that a world-wide recession is already factored into energy prices is correct, small cap energy companies will be in the best position to take advantage of any price increase.
GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words “we”, “us”, or “our” are solely the responsibility of Noble Capital Markets, Inc.(“Noble”) and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.
This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Noble accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to Noble. This report is not to be relied upon as a substitute for the exercising of independent judgement. Noble may have published, and may in the future publish, other research reports that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information provided in this report. Noble is under no obligation to bring to the attention of any recipient of this report, any past or future reports. Investors should only consider this report as single factor in making an investment decision.
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
This publication is confidential for the information of the addressee only and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, copies circulated, or discussed to another party, without the written consent of Noble Capital Markets, Inc. (“Noble”). Noble seeks to update its research as appropriate, but may be unable to do so based upon various regulatory constraints. Research reports are not published at regular intervals; publication times and dates are based upon the analyst’s judgement. Noble professionals including traders, salespeople and investment bankers may provide written or oral market commentary, or discuss trading strategies to Noble clients and the Noble proprietary trading desk that reflect opinions that are contrary to the opinions expressed in this research report. The majority of companies that Noble follows are emerging growth companies. Securities in these companies involve a higher degree of risk and more volatility than the securities of more established companies. The securities discussed in Noble research reports may not be suitable for some investors and as such, investors must take extra care and make their own determination of the appropriateness of an investment based upon risk tolerance, investment objectives and financial status.
Company Specific Disclosures
The following disclosures relate to relationships between Noble and the company (the “Company”) covered by the Noble Research Division and referred to in this research report. Noble is not a market maker in any of the companies mentioned in this report. Noble intends to seek compensation for investment banking services and non-investment banking services (securities and non-securities related) with any or all of the companies mentioned in this report within the next 3 months
ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
WARNING
This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to Noble Capital Markets, Inc. by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by Noble Capital Markets, Inc.. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by Noble Capital Markets, Inc..
RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION
Independence Of View All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.
Receipt of Compensation No part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to any specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance and/or research report.
Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report.
Mark Reichman, Senior Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Mining companies outperform broader market. During the third quarter, mining companies (as measured by the XME) declined 2.1% compared to a loss of 5.3% for the S&P 500 index. The VanEck Vectors Gold Miners (GDX) and Junior Gold Miners (GDXJ) ETFs were down 11.9% and 7.9%, respectively. Gold, silver, copper, zinc, and lead futures prices fell 6.8%, 6.2%, 8.5%, 8.8%, and 0.4%, respectively. The commodity price declines reflect expected impacts of Federal Reserve monetary policy on interest rates, U.S. dollar strength, and the economic environment.
Outlook for precious metals. The U.S. Dollar Index rose 7.1% during the third quarter, while the yield on a 10-year treasury note increased from 3.0% to 3.8% as of September 30. While higher rates and a strong U.S. dollar pose significant headwinds for gold, an inflection point may be reached as investors seek to preserve value amid deteriorating economic conditions, increasing geopolitical uncertainty, and market volatility. While down 7.9% year-to-date through September 30, the price of gold has remained relatively resilient this year despite challenging headwinds. Not being able to benefit from strengthening gold prices, investors have focused more on silver’s industrial applications which make it more sensitive to economic expectations.
Industrial metals demand expected to remain challenged. The decline in industrial metals prices reflect concerns about economic growth in the U.S. and abroad. While the long-term investment case for owning industrial metals mining companies remains favorable, industrial metals prices may remain challenged into 2023.
Putting it all together. Precious metals prices may strengthen in advance of industrial metals. Therefore, investors may desire to lean into precious metals mining names to benefit from a positive shift in investor sentiment. While it may take longer for industrial metals to recover, an eventual return to economic growth could result in strong prices due to potential supply and demand imbalances.
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ANALYST CREDENTIALS, PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS, AND EXPERIENCE
Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis. Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.” FINRA licenses 7, 24, 63, 87
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