The electric vehicle (EV) race is heating up on the global stage. Recent data shows Chinese automaker BYD has overtaken Tesla as the top selling EV maker in the fourth quarter of 2023. BYD sold over 525,000 battery electric vehicles from October to December, surpassing Tesla’s nearly 485,000 deliveries.
This shift signals China’s rising prominence as a major force in the EV industry. With enormous growth potential in the world’s largest auto market, Chinese companies like BYD are positioned to reshape the competitive landscape. Their success has wide-ranging implications for investors across the auto and battery supply chains.
BYD’s meteoric growth is fueled by China’s EV-friendly policies. The government has implemented aggressive targets, mandating that new energy vehicles comprise 20% of sales by 2025 and become mainstream by 2035. China is reaching these goals years ahead of schedule thanks to subsidies and infrastructure spending. New energy vehicle sales exceeded 30% of the market in the first 11 months of 2023.
Tesla still led BYD in total global EV sales for full-year 2023, delivering 1.8 million vehicles versus BYD’s 1.57 million. But BYD is closing the gap rapidly, with sales up 73% last year. The company aims to double its international dealer network in 2023 and boost overseas sales five-fold.
To accommodate this growth, BYD plans to construct its first passenger EV plant in Europe. The facility in Hungary will complement BYD’s existing European bus factory. This international expansion mirrors China’s broader effort to increase exports and take on traditional automakers like Volkswagen and Renault in their home markets.
The intense competition has sparked a price war in China, with Tesla and others slashing costs in 2022 to retain market share. While this boosted sales, it eroded industry profit margins. Surging raw material prices also squeezed margins across the supply chain. Battery-grade lithium carbonate rose over 280% last year.
Sourcing enough lithium and other battery metals remains a concern. According to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, demand growth for lithium-ion batteries will require global lithium supply to expand eight-fold by 2030. Companies are racing to secure upstream supplies and lithium producers’ stocks have benefited.
But the launch of new mines takes time. Geopolitical factors may also constrain near-term growth in critical mineral supply from key regions like South America. This supply/demand imbalance poses a risk to the pace of EV adoption worldwide.
Investors will closely watch how BYD navigates these headwinds. Vertically integrated automakers like BYD with control over more battery and mineral assets may have an advantage. But no company is immune from margin compression if prices remain elevated.
Regardless, China’s trajectory toward EV supremacy seems clear. The country boasts advantages in scale, cost, and the supply chain that will be difficult for rivals to replicate. Tesla’s position appears secure as the leading global luxury EV brand. But Chinese automakers are poised to dominate the larger mass-market segments.
For investors, this reshuffled landscape demands a reassessment of portfolio positioning. Companies tied to China’s booming EV ecosystem warrant consideration. However, risks around growth assumptions, valuation, and competitive dynamics in a rapidly evolving industry must be weighed. While the road ahead remains challenging, China has signaled plans to set the pace in the global EV race.
Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Feasibility study expected in the first quarter of 2024. Throughout 2023, Century Lithium has focused on pilot plant operations and completing the Clayton Valley Lithium Project feasibility study which is expected in the first quarter of 2024. Target production for the study will be consistent with the earlier preliminary feasibility study although the company is currently examining the benefits of a phased approach to full scale production.
By-product sales of sodium hydroxide. Clayton Valley uses locally sourced sodium chloride brine which is treated by electrolysis in a chlor-alkali plant to produce the leaching and neutralization reagents needed for the process on-site. In the chlor-alkali plant, sodium hydroxide is produced as a by-product. Pilot plant testing has generated a significant surplus of sodium hydroxide which may be sold as a by-product. The western United States is largely dependent on imports of sodium hydroxide for water treatment and other industrial uses. A market study, to be incorporated in the feasibility study, will reflect the potential for revenue from sodium hydroxide sales.
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*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
December 11, 2023 – Vancouver, Canada – Century Lithium Corp. (TSXV:LCE) (OTCQX: CYDVF) (Frankfurt: C1Z) (“Century Lithium” or “the Company”) is pleased to report progress and further developments at its Lithium Extraction Facility (“Pilot Plant”) in Amargosa Valley, Nevada.
Highlights
Further process improvements implemented at the Pilot Plant, resulting in lithium grades consistently exceeding 14 grams/liter in the intermediate solutions produced (up from 7.5 grams/liter reported in August 2023)
Pilot Plant tests ongoing completing 23 months of safe operation
Work with Koch Technology Solutions LLC (“KTS”) on direct lithium extraction (“DLE”) is ongoing; delivering repeatable results and exceeding expectations
KTS to complete commercial design of a DLE installation for the Project in January 2024
On August 9, 2023, the Company reported achieving an increase of lithium grades in the intermediate solutions produced at the Pilot Plant to the highest levels to date, with an average grade of 7.5 grams/liter lithium. This increase in concentration was attributed to the integration of Koch Technology Solutions Li-ProTM equipment into the DLE area. In mid-August, the Company added an osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (“OARO”) unit downstream of the DLE area. (Description of the process can be found at the Company’s technology partner Saltworks’ website: OARO—Saltworks Announces Osmotically Assisted RO Tech | Saltworks Technologies). With the OARO unit in operation at the Pilot Plant, Century has consistently achieved lithium grades exceeding 14 grams/liter in its intermediate solutions, accompanied by significantly reduced levels of impurities.
Century’s collaboration with KTS continued to produce exceptional results within the DLE area of the Pilot Plant. With nearly 3,000 operating cycles of the equipment completed since its installation in April 2023, results have exceeded target levels for both lithium extraction and rejection of impurities from leach solutions. With these positive results, the Company anticipates KTS completing its commercial design of a DLE installation for the Project in January 2024.
Century’s team continues to innovate and improve its process flowsheet for the Project through testing equipment, reagents, and alternate configurations of its flowsheet at the Pilot Plant. This work will continue into the coming year as the Pilot Plant generates data to support and further de-risk the Project and addresses recommendations identified during the Feasibility Study.
Qualified Person
Todd Fayram, MMSA-QP and Senior Vice President, Metallurgy of Century Lithium is the qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43-101 and has approved the technical information in this release.
About Century Lithium Corp.
Century Lithium Corp. (formerly Cypress Development Corp.) is an advanced stage lithium company, focused on developing its 100%-owned Clayton Valley Lithium Project in west-central Nevada, USA. Century Lithium is currently in the pilot stage of testing on material from its lithium-bearing claystone deposit at its Lithium Extraction Facility in Amargosa Valley, Nevada and progressing towards completing a Feasibility Study and permitting, with the goal of becoming a domestic producer of lithium for the growing electric vehicle and battery storage market.
ON BEHALF OF CENTURY LITHIUM CORP. WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY, PhD., PE President & Chief Executive Officer
NEITHER THE TSX VENTURE EXCHANGE NOR ITS REGULATION SERVICES PROVIDER ACCEPTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE CONTENT OF THIS NEWS RELEASE.
This release includes certain statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are identified by words such as “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “scheduled,” and other similar words. All statements in this release, other than statements of historical facts, that address events or developments that management of the Company expects, are forward-looking statements. Although management believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements if management’s beliefs, estimates or opinions, or other factors, should change. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, include market prices, exploration, and development successes, continued availability of capital and financing, and general economic, market or business conditions. Please see the public filings of the Company atwww.sedar.com for further information.
Calgary, Alberta. December 11, 2023 – LithiumBank Resources Corp. (TSX-V: LBNK) (OTCQX: LBNKF) (“LithiumBank” or the “Company”) is pleased to announce that the G2L Greenview Resources Inc. (“G2L”) Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) pilot plant is now in transit to LithiumBank’s Calgary facility. Once completed, the facility will have capacity to process up to 10,000 L/d of brine and yield up to 3 kg/d LCE. Commencing in early 2024, several piloting campaigns are planned as the Boardwalk Project advances into its feasibility studies phase of development. The Company also anticipates that the facility will accelerate the development of the Company’s Park Place, Estevan, South, and Kindersley properties.
The pilot plant has been constructed in Australia by Clean TeQ Water on the behalf of G2L and is based on G2L’s Continuous Direct Lithium Extraction (cDLE®) technology. As seen in recent testwork results (Reported Nov. 22, 2023), the cDLE® process utilizes an ion exchange material (sorbent) designed to selectively extract lithium from the brine while rejecting most contaminants. In the context of the Boardwalk Project, the configuration of the pilot adsorption and elution stages has been purposefully designed to maximize extraction of lithium from the brine. Similarly, the selectivity of the sorbent and elution chemistry allows strong rejection of typical impurities in the brine such as sodium, calcium and chloride. This results in a clean, lithium-rich concentrate suitable for further refining.
At the facility in Calgary, the cDLE® process will demonstrate the cost and process advantages of using common industrial reagents such as quicklime and sulfuric acid. The operating cost benefits of this change in reagent suite will be quantified in an updated Boardwalk Project Preliminary Economic Assessment. Senior process engineers from G2L will head up the installation of the pilot and the first 100 hours of processing. G2L will continue to lend support throughout the entire piloting program which is intended to last up to 18 months following the first 100 hours of operation.
With a processing capacity of up to 10,000 L/d of brine, the Calgary facility will represent one of the largest DLE pilot plants in North America. The pilot plant represents an approximate 1:5,000 scale to the future, commercial production modules which is consistent with scale-up factors used in other hydrometallurgical processes. Within the pilot plant, sufficiently large ion exchange equipment has been installed to permit direct scale-up of these process steps to the commercial plant, accelerating the Boardwalk Project development.
During operation, the pilot plant will be targeting one of the industry’s highest lithium recoveries. This is seen as achievable for the Boardwalk project given the project’s careful staging of adsorption and elution contactors, along with the characteristics of the sorbent. Specifically, experiences from industrial ion exchange processes used for the recovery of precious (gold) and energy (uranium) metals have been leveraged in formulating the Boardwalk DLE flowsheet. This formulation included a trade-off assessment of lithium recovery and capital cost which was undertaken for the purposes of the upcoming updated PEA. As a result, the pilot plant will assess the performance of five contactor stages with results to follow in the PEA.
Figure 1: LithiumBank’s pilot plant as shown in G2L’s manufacturing facility in Melbourne, Australia, prior to shipment.
Furthermore, G2L’s experience in pilot testing of continuous ion exchange for recovery of other metals, including nickel and cobalt, at a similar scale in similar pilot equipment, provides confidence that recovery using counter-current adsorption contactors can be predicted from laboratory scale test work.
The cDLE® pilot plant in transit is a variation of a pilot plant that was designed and constructed by the Clean TeQ Water technical team to extract nickel and cobalt by ion exchange from acid leached lateritic ore in the Sunrise Energy Metals project. The plant was run over several campaigns and the data were subsequently used for a Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) on the production of battery-grade nickel and cobalt sulfates. The Boardwalk Project cDLE® plant uses the same basic configuration, with critical design changes incorporated to ensure maximum lithium extraction from the brine, and the production of a high purity eluate containing a high lithium concentration.
A video showing the cDLE® pilot plant prior to shipping to Calgary can be viewed below:
About LithiumBank Resources Corp.
LithiumBank Resources Corp. (TSX-V: LBNK) (OTCQX: LBNKF), is a publicly traded lithium company that is focused on developing its two flagship projects, Boardwalk and Park Place, in Western Canada. The Company holds 2,480,196 acres of brownfield & exploration lithium brine permits, across 3 districts in Alberta and Saskatchewan. In May 2023, LithiumBank completed an initial robust preliminary economic assessment of its Boardwalk project that targets a 31,350 TPA operation with a pre-tax USD $2.7B NPV and a 21.6% IRR with the potential for a number of near term enhancements. The Company will continue to de- risk its assets through detailed geological modelling and advanced engineering.
For more information see the Company’s Boardwalk Lithium Brine Project Preliminary Economic Assessment Technical report entitled “Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for LithiumBank Resources Boardwalk Lithium-Brine Project in West- Central Alberta, Canada” effectively dated June 16, 2023 filed on SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca) on June 23, 2023 and on the Company’s website (www.lithiumbank.ca).
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no guarantee that all or any part of the mineral resource will be converted into a mineral reserve. The estimate of mineral resources may be materially affected by geology, environment, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues. A preliminary economic assessment is preliminary in nature as it includes a portion of inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves, and there is no certainty that the preliminary economic assessment will be realized.
About G2L Greenview Resources Inc.
Go2Lithium Inc. was formed in early 2023 as a 50/50 joint venture with Computational Geosciences Inc (CGI), a subsidiary of the Robert Friedland-chaired Ivanhoe Electric Inc. (NYSE:IE) and Clean TeQ Water (ASX:CNQ). Please see Clean TeQ’s case studies for additional information on their suite of water treatment and metal extraction technologies.
The scientific and technical disclosure in this news release has been reviewed and approved by Mr. Kevin Piepgrass (Chief Operations Officer, LithiumBank Resources Corp.), who is a Member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA) and the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of British Columbia (APEGBC) and is a Qualified Person (QP) for the purposes of National Instrument 43-101. Mr. Piepgrass consents to the inclusion of the data in the form and context in which it appears.
Contact: LithiumBank Rob Shewchuk CEO & Director rob@lithiumbank.ca (778) 987-9767
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
This press release includes certain statements and information that may constitute forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws. All statements in this news release, other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding future estimates, plans, objectives, timing, assumptions or expectations of future performance, including without limitation, statements regarding the completion of the Offering and the timing thereof, and the anticipated use of proceeds of the Offering are forward-looking statements and contain forward-looking information. Generally, forward-looking statements and information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “intends” or “anticipates”, or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “should” or “would” or occur. Forward-looking statements are based on certain material assumptions and analyses made by the Company and the opinions and estimates of management as of the date of this press release, including, but not limited to, that the Company will complete the Offering on the terms disclosed, that the Company will receive all necessary regulatory approvals for the Offering, that the Company will use the proceeds of the Offering as currently anticipated; and assumptions relating to the state of the financial markets for the Company’s securities. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or forward-looking information. Important factors that may cause actual results to vary, include, without limitation, market volatility, unanticipated costs, changes in applicable regulations, and changes in the Company’s business plans. Although management of the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements or forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and forward-looking information. Readers are cautioned that reliance on such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, forward-looking information or financial out-look that are incorporated by reference herein, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.
Auxico Resources, a Canadian mining company, recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to acquire an 85% equity interest in the past-producing El Benton niobium and tantalum mine located in Bolivia. This strategic acquisition provides Auxico with a rich source of critical minerals essential for emerging technologies.
Under the MOU, Auxico will make initial payments totaling $140,000 to the current owner of El Benton. Auxico will then hold majority 85% control of the mine as part of a joint venture arrangement.
The El Benton mine and adjacent Monte Verde concessions cover over 700 hectares in a proven mineral-rich region of Bolivia. Historic samples show valuable concentrations of niobium, tantalum, lithium, and rare earth elements.
By securing rights to El Benton, Auxico aims to restart production of niobium and tantalum concentrates. The company also plans to define the lithium potential and recover other critical minerals using advanced ultrasound extraction methods.
Gaining access to El Benton’s strategic mineral deposits boosts Auxico’s role as a major supplier of scarce metals needed for electric vehicle batteries, renewable energy infrastructure, electronics, and defense applications.
Owning the majority interest allows Auxico to implement efficient, sustainable extraction techniques at El Benton. This includes removing radioactive elements from concentrates using the Company’s proprietary ultrasound technology.
In summary, the deal gives Auxico substantial equity control of a mine rich in critical and rare earth minerals. Restarting efficient production can provide crucial supply to high-tech industries while generating profits.
An enormous lithium deposit estimated to hold up to 40 million metric tons has recently been discovered in the United States underneath an ancient supervolcano straddling the Nevada-Oregon border. This lithium trove, the largest known supply in the world, could provide major opportunities for lithium companies and boost renewable energy efforts as demand for lithium batteries is projected to skyrocket.
Lithium, an extremely light metallic element, is an essential component of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, grid storage, smartphones, laptops and other key technologies. With electric vehicle adoption accelerating globally and increasing need for batteries to store solar and wind energy, lithium is becoming integral to a clean energy future.
For lithium companies, this huge deposit represents a potentially massive new source of supply to power growth. Lithium exploration and mining companies will likely ramp up operations in the region to benefit from burgeoning demand. Those able to cost-effectively extract lithium from the volcanic crater could be poised to reap sizable revenues.
Access to substantial lithium resources located within the US rather than relying heavily on imports could also help enhance energy security as the country moves away from fossil fuels. Domestic supply could additionally stabilize lithium prices and support US-based jobs.
The lithium deposit was uncovered within Oregon’s McDermitt Caldera, the remnants of an ancient supervolcano that exploded around 16 million years ago. With lithium demand expected to expand fivefold or more by 2030, this huge supply could be a game-changer, diversifying and elevating global lithium sources to meet increasing battery requirements.
For lithium companies and renewable energy companies alike, this deposit represents a monumental opportunity. Responsible extraction will be key to unlocking the full potential of this transformative mineral discovery.
Take moment to look at companies Lithium Bank and Century Lithium who are focused on exploration, development, and production of lithium.
Mark Reichman, Managing Director, Equity Research Analyst, Natural Resources, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the full report for the price target, fundamental analysis, and rating.
Pioneering innovation. Century Lithium has developed a proprietary system for lithium extraction that reflects innovations developed at its lithium extraction facility or pilot plant. Century Lithium received a provisional patent protecting the company’s system and methods for extracting lithium solids, including clay.
Extracting lithium from solids. The company’s patent pending system is based on the extraction of lithium from solids using products of a chlor-alkali process, including hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Exclusive of the direct lithium extraction (DLE) process where lithium is recovered, protected intellectual property includes the method of treating lithium-bearing solids with chloride solution and the handing of solutions, precipitates, and residues. DLE using Li-Pro is a component process proprietary to Koch Technology Solutions.
Equity Research is available at no cost to Registered users of Channelchek. Not a Member? Click ‘Join’ to join the Channelchek Community. There is no cost to register, and we never collect credit card information.
This Company Sponsored Research is provided by Noble Capital Markets, Inc., a FINRA and S.E.C. registered broker-dealer (B/D).
*Analyst certification and important disclosures included in the full report. NOTE: investment decisions should not be based upon the content of this research summary. Proper due diligence is required before making any investment decision.
September 7, 2023 – Vancouver, Canada – Century Lithium Corp. (TSXV:LCE) (OTCQX: CYDVF) (Frankfurt: C1Z) (Century Lithium or the Company) is pleased to report it has obtained a provisional patent with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Department of Commerce. The provisional patent is titled System and Method for Extracting Lithium from Clay and Other Materials in a Chloride Solution Using Individualized Pretreatments. The patent pending process encompasses the Company’s flowsheet, as developed at its Lithium Extraction Facility (“Pilot Plant”) in Amargosa Valley, Nevada, USA and protects the Company’s intellectual property (IP) pertaining to the handling of solutions derived from the treatment of solid materials including clays from the Company’s Clayton Valley Lithium Project (Project) in Nevada.
“Through the excellent work of Century Lithium’s team, we have developed a system for lithium extraction which is proprietary to the Company” said Bill Willoughby, President, and CEO of Century Lithium. “Our system incorporates innovations made during our team’s work at the Pilot Plant. The provisional patent provides protection of our system and its IP as we move forward with our Feasibility Study.”
The Company’s patent pending system is based on the extraction of lithium from solids using both products of a chlor-alkali process; hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Under the provisional patent, the Company’s protected IP includes the method of treating lithium-bearing solids with chloride solution and the handling of solutions, precipitates, and residues, exclusive of a lithium recovery stage (Direct Lithium Extraction) a component process proprietary to Koch Technology Solutions.
Key steps of the provisional patent include:
Conditioning solids prior to leaching; this step uses recycled process solution and sodium hydroxide, a by-product of the process, which acts as a dispersant and chemical reactant with clay-sized particles
Leaching slurried pulp in a hydrochloric acid solution; this step includes capture of carbon dioxide which is used for the precipitation of calcium and magnesium later in the process
Method of treating the post-leach slurry to remove iron and aluminum in a manner that allows pressure filtration of the solids and minimizes the use of flocculants and counter-current decantation
Treatment of post-DLE spent solution to provide feed stock of sodium chloride solution to a chlor-alkali plant and recycle solution to the conditioning step
Qualified Person
Todd Fayram, MMSA-QP is the qualified persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 and have approved the technical information in this release.
About Century Lithium Corp.
Century Lithium Corp. (formerly Cypress Development Corp.) is an advanced stage lithium company, focused on developing its 100%-owned Clayton Valley Lithium Project in west-central Nevada, USA. Century Lithium is currently in the pilot stage of testing on material from its lithium-bearing claystone deposit at its Lithium Extraction Facility in Amargosa Valley, Nevada and progressing towards completing a Feasibility Study and permitting, with the goal of becoming a domestic producer of lithium for the growing electric vehicle and battery storage market.
ON BEHALF OF CENTURY LITHIUM CORP. WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY, PhD., PE President & Chief Executive Officer
NEITHER THE TSX VENTURE EXCHANGE NOR ITS REGULATION SERVICES PROVIDER ACCEPTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE CONTENT OF THIS NEWS RELEASE.
This release includes certain statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are identified by words such as “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “scheduled,” and other similar words. All statements in this release, other than statements of historical facts, that address events or developments that management of the Company expects, are forward-looking statements. Although management believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements if management’s beliefs, estimates or opinions, or other factors, should change. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, include market prices, exploration, and development successes, continued availability of capital and financing, and general economic, market or business conditions. Please see the public filings of the Company atwww.sedar.com for further information.
Why Small Lithium Developers and Producers May Become Stars By Mid-Decade
Lithium demand isn’t going away; in fact, it is likely to skyrocket. While most people link future EV sales forecasts with Lithium-ion battery growth, the increased use of li-ion batteries goes well beyond electric vehicle production. Some highly regarded analysts are now predicting a difficult lithium deficit as early as 2025. If demand outstrips supply that quickly, prices of the mineral will be under extreme upward pressure. If the accelerating demand unfolds as expected, investors looking to get ahead of the curve may want to increase their exposure to lithium investments soon. Below is a background on current forecasts and ideas to explore.
Background
The Fitch subsidiary, Business Monitor International (BMI), is a research unit of the parent company best known for its rating service. BMI has a team of over 300 analysts who specialize in a variety of industries, including energy, mining, and technology. The company’s research is used by businesses to make informed decisions about their operations. BMI now estimates that China’s lithium demand for EVs will grow by an average of 20.4% each year between 2023 and 2032. However, current estimates for the country’s lithium output are only expected to grow by 6% over the same period. This means that China will need to import massive amounts of lithium just to meet its growth in EV production.
At the same time, the global demand for lithium is also expected to grow significantly. Some informed projections are that global demand for lithium will reach over 3 million metric tons (tonne) by 2030. As a comparison, this is up from 540,000 metric tons in 2021.
There are currently just 101 lithium mines in the world, and many of these mining operations are nearing the end of their lifespan. In addition, the permitting process for new lithium mines can be lengthy and complex. This is slowing the development of new lithium production facilities. Consequently, the growing demand for lithium, which is already seen as straining global supply, may become substantially more challenging over the next 18 months.
More demand relative to supply is the most basic recipe for higher prices. As a result of the supply constraints, lithium prices are expected to remain high in the coming years. Lithium carbonate prices surged to a record of almost 600,000 yuan per tonne in November 2022.
Source: Google Finance
The EV industry is working to address the lithium supply deficit, but it is the producers that are working to be more efficient and productive. Some companies are developing new ways to extract lithium from brines, which are salty water bodies that contain lithium. Other companies are working to recycle lithium-ion batteries. However, lithium is a finite resource, and an approaching supply deficit shows no signs of being fixed soon. In the meantime the EV industry and others will compete for what is what is being produced, which could drive up prices.
What This Means for Investors
Investors who are interested in the lithium market should take note of the projections for the growing supply/demand imbalance. Lithium mining companies, especially smaller pure-plays on the demand for lithium, may have the highest percentage benefit from higher prices. Three such companies are listed below with links to further information and data relevant to the company.
Century Lithium Corp. (LCE:CA) is a Canadian-based advanced-stage lithium Company, focused on developing its 100%-owned Clayton Valley Lithium Project in the U.S. (Nevada). Century Lithium is actively testing material from its lithium-bearing claystone deposit at its Lithium Extraction Facility while moving toward the completion of a Feasibility Study, with the goal to become a domestic producer of lithium for the growing electric vehicle and battery storage market.
Mark Reichamn, Noble Capital Markets senior research analyst for natural resources, published a research note explaining a collaboration between Century Lithium and Koch Technology Solutions (KTS) where lithium is being recovered from leach solution.
Noble rates the shares of Century Lithium Corp. as outperform.
LithiumBank Resources Corp. (LBNKF) is an exploration and development company focused on lithium-enriched brine projects in Western Canada where low-carbon-impact, rapid DLE technology is used. LithiumBank currently holds over 3.77 million acres of mineral titles, 3.44M acres in Alberta and 326K acres in Saskatchewan. LithiumBank is advancing and de-risking several projects in parallel of the Boardwalk Lithium Brine Project.
Mark Reichman, of Noble Capital Markets put out a research note this month explaining LithiumBank’s reasons for selling three of its projects.
Noble rates the shares of Century Lithium Corp. as outperform.
Piedmont Lithium Inc, (PLL) is a lithium-based company focused on the development of its Piedmont Lithium Project located within the Carolina TinSpodumene Belt (”TSB”) and along trend to the Hallman Beam and Kings Mountain mines.
Piedmont has been in the news recently for having received a partial prepayment of $31.6 million for the sale of 15,000 dry metric tonnes of lithium concentrate under its offtake deal with North American Lithium (NAL). According to news reported by Reuters, its CEO Keith Phillips expects sales from Piedmont shipments to help fund strategic initiatives while reducing the company’s need to raise capital in the equity markets. Piedmont said the prepayment increased its cash position to about $100 million.
A video discussion with Piedmont’s CEO Keith Phillips taken in March 2023 as part of Channelchek’s Takeaway Series is a great way to become familiar with the projects and strategies this “Made in the USA” lithium developer is involved with.
Take Away
A lithium supply deficit is expected to emerge as early as 2025, according to analysts at BMI. The deficit is being driven by the growing demand for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Investors who are looking to understand the plans of small lithium developers and producers should visit the Company Data / Quotes tab on Channelchek and use the search bars to begin exploring.
May 25, 2023 – Vancouver, Canada – Century Lithium Corp. (TSXV:LCE) (OTCQX: CYDVF) (Frankfurt: C1Z) (Century Lithium or the Company) is pleased to report it has repeated the production of a high-purity lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) grading 99.87% with lithium-bearing claystone from the Company’s 100%-owned Clayton Valley Lithium Project (Project) in Nevada, USA. Several kilograms of the high purity Li2CO3were made from the intermediate lithium solutions generated in January at the Company’s Lithium Extraction Facility (Pilot Plant) in Amargosa Valley, Nevada. Following leaching and direct lithium extraction (DLE) at the Pilot Plant, solutions were shipped to Saltworks Technologies Inc. (Saltworks) where the final processing was completed.
“These results are in line with those we reported in September 2022, when we achieved a significant milestone in making lithium carbonate grading 99.94%” stated Bill Willoughby, President and CEO of Century Lithium. “The latest results confirm our ability to obtain a high purity lithium product with a low level of impurities from our claystone process.”
Century Lithium has now successfully repeated steps from test mining through to the manufacture of battery-grade Li2CO3. The table below is a comparison of the latest results with those from September 2022. Also shown, are the constituent levels for battery grade lithium carbonate as published by two major producers. The results for the Company’s lithium carbonate material assays were finalized by Saltworks and SGS Canada Inc.
Century Li2CO3May 2023
Century Li2CO3September 2022
ReferenceSource 1
ReferenceSource 2
Li2CO3
wt%
99.875
99.94
>99.5
>99.5
H2O
wt%
0.03
0.01
<0.2
<0.5
Na
wt%
0.047
0.02
<0.03
<0.05
Ca
wt%
0.009
0.02
<0.01
<0.04
Fe
Wppm
3
15
10
<5
Al
Wppm
<2
6
10
<10
Cu
Wppm
<4
<4
10
<5
Ni
Wppm
<5
<5
10
<6
Cl
wt%
0.008%
0.008%
<0.01%
<0.01%
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Notes: wt% (weight percent), wppm (weight parts per million), calculated Li2CO3 purity based on sum of impurities measured above detection limit Source 1 & 2: public company’s published composition of battery grade Li2CO3 ,
Feasibility Study Update
A Feasibility Study on the Project (Study) began in February 2022, with the engagement of Wood PLC as independent lead author. The Study has progressed well, with contributions from Global Resource Engineers, WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc., and thyssenkrupp nucera, and with the support of Century Lithium’s personnel and consultants.
Major areas of the Study are completed and estimates for capital and operating cost estimates received, including those for the chlor-alkali plant portion of the Project. Wood is in the process of consolidating the estimates and reviewing them with Century, along with evaluating further optimization and opportunities for cost reductions. This optimization work will extend beyond the previously estimated mid-year completion date for the Study. The Company continues to focus on the Study and will provide updates in due course.
At the Pilot Plant, the collaboration of Century Lithium and Koch Technology Solutions (KTS) is underway testing the KTS Li-Pro™ process for DLE. Century Lithium personnel are working closely with KTS in the testing program, which has now completed its third 7-day cycle of operation. Thus far, the KTS process equipment has operated exceptionally well, using feed solution from the Pilot Plant, and the Company is very pleased with its performance.
Qualified Person
Todd Fayram, MMSA-QP and Daniel Kalmbach, CPG, are the qualified persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 and have approved the technical information in this release.
About Century Lithium Corp.
Century Lithium Corp. (formerly Cypress Development Corp.) is an advanced stage lithium company, focused on developing its 100%-owned Clayton Valley Lithium Project in west-central Nevada, USA. Century Lithium is currently in the pilot stage of testing on material from its lithium-bearing claystone deposit at its Lithium Extraction Facility in Amargosa Valley, Nevada and progressing towards completing a Feasibility Study and permitting, with the goal of becoming a domestic producer of lithium for the growing electric vehicle and battery storage market.
ON BEHALF OF CENTURY LITHIUM CORP. WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY, PhD., PE President & Chief Executive Officer
NEITHER THE TSX VENTURE EXCHANGE NOR ITS REGULATION SERVICES PROVIDER ACCEPTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE CONTENT OF THIS NEWS RELEASE.
This release includes certain statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are identified by words such as “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “scheduled,” and other similar words. All statements in this release, other than statements of historical facts, that address events or developments that management of the Company expects, are forward-looking statements. Although management believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements if management’s beliefs, estimates or opinions, or other factors, should change. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, include market prices, exploration, and development successes, continued availability of capital and financing, and general economic, market or business conditions. Please see the public filings of the Company atwww.sedar.com for further information.
The building wave of M&A deals in at least two of the mining sectors, is difficult to ignore. This week, lithium miner Albemarle (ALB) disclosed it had submitted a proposal to acquire Liontown Resources (LTR.Australia). Last month Newmont Mining’s proposed acquisition of Newcrest Mining, highlighted the rising interest in M&A in the gold sector. To date, both proposals have been shunned, but as companies look to increase production, inflation increases producers capital outlays, plus long permitting processes, a case could be made that growth by acquisition, friendly or not, is becoming more appealing in the sector.
Typically growing demand to buy smaller companies in a sector puts upward pressure on valuations.
The gold and lithium sectors have mostly lead over the past six months in terms of deal-making. For gold, the largest driver is these miners remain undervalued by historical levels. The trend for lithium producers in the years ahead, as battery production ramps up to meet surging demand for electric storage and green technology, is expected to continue to accelerate.
The Price of lithium, key to batteries found in most EVs, over the years has risen. This created a situation where car manufacturers themselves have realized that the best way to ensure a key ingredient to their product is to own all or part of a large enough producer. Lithium producers are looking for ways to increase yield and own more production facilities. These factors could unfold into a situation where the stock prices of companies producing either of these two metals, and even other mined minerals with growing demand, could outperform other sectors.
Five Reasons to Explore Small Mining Companies
While the real heat is on producers of minerals used to make batteries and gold miners, the below supply/demand concepts may apply to an increased need for other miners to involve themselves in M&A as well.
New List of Acquirers – The big car companies, energy companies, and other additional industrial consumers are in need of reliable supply.
Cheaper to Buy than Find – M&A is a solution to the increased costs of growing organically. It also helps circumvent what could be permitting delays and supply chain problems that prevent headway.
Scale – Gold companies normally try to extract synergies when seeking to size up, while lithium producers seek pure scale.
Big Picture Economics – The economic environment favors miners if inflation remains elevated; the companies’ production is more likely to sell for more. The cost of money, on an opportunity cost basis, especially net of inflation (real interest) favors mining.
Finding Value – Informed stock selection is key to discover and invest in companies best positioned to benefit from swelling M&A in the sector.
The fifth on this list is less of a reason to explore mining companies and more a common sense reminder. Last week the Channelchek Take Away Series brought to viewers a live in-depth presentation of 12 mining companies that were just coming off the huge PDAC mining conference in Canada. These presentations are being replayed and may be just the place to begin to hear from company executives, and a highly respected senior natural resources analyst. Audience questions and answers follow.
The information on these on-demand replay videos is current, and as you’ll see by clicking here, the list of video presentations includes a diversified mix of producers and explorers.
Will Tesla Investors be Inspired or Disappointed on March 1 (Investor Day)?
Tesla’s Investor Day is March 1st. The lead-up to these events is usually filled with speculation of how the founder, Elon Musk, may surprise EV fans and the investment community. Tesla’s (TSLA) innovations and unique marketing and distribution have made it the most valuable car company in the world. Part of that marketing is the mystique and confidence Musk brings whenever he has an audience. The company is also inspiring as it is less than 20 years in the making and is leading a revolution in how automobiles are built, driven, and fueled.
As plans are kept under wraps, most of the rumors as to what to expect fall in the category of speculation. Below are some of the most likely ideas from past announcements from Tesla and across the internet since the meeting date was announced.
Battery Production
Sourcing raw materials for batteries to make certain new EVs have all the needed components is becoming a concern among car manufacturers.
News has leaked of a proposed $3.6 billion Giga factory to produce up to 100 Gwh of batteries. The factory is expected to be in Nevada and eventually be used to assemble the Tesla semi when production eventually starts.
Tesla is expected to build a processing facility to make lithium hydroxide from spodumene concentrate in Corpus Christie, Texas. The location is good for shipping, and it is close to sources of sulfuric acid from the oil industry. This would be the first lithium hydroxide production facility in the U.S. If true, it would help Tesla fulfill the raw material sourcing requirements of the Inflation Reduction Act to qualify its cars for the $7,500 federal tax credit.
Those deals are at market prices; Tesla would reap the profits from processing the spodumene concentrate into hydroxide, but the bulk of the profit from the material supply accrues to the mining company. Tesla has hinted previously of plans to enter the lithium mining business.
The $25,000 EV
First mentioned in 2020, Tesla’s proposed $25,000 car earned the nickname “fluffy pillow” after Musk showed a picture of an object covered by a blanket that many thought resembled a large pillow. The project was put on hold in early 2022 when Musk said Tesla had too much on its plate.
Tesla’s existing best sellers, the Model 3 and Model Y, have been around for a while, a new model, whether it is the truck or an affordable entry level car would freshen up the line-up.
New Factory
Tesla’s production goals put it at or near capacity. The current factory capacity is listed as 1.9 million vehicles per year. The current goal is six million cars a year by 2026. This would require the expansion of existing plants and then some. A new factory takes three years to design, construct, and get rolling. So planning would have to start now. Musk is more likely to build a new plant than change his production goals.
Thoughts from across the internet suggest this could be in Indonesia or Mexico. Cars built in Mexico could qualify for the $7500 tax credit to purchasers.
Capital Raise
To accomplish the above requires money. Currently, there is construction in progress building out Tesla’s German and Texas factories. Billions more would be needed to implement other plans.
There is as of recent reporting, $22 billion in cash on Tesla’s balance sheet. This is a snapshot of quarter-end and not an accurate representation of the company’s finances. Offsetting this large number is $15 billion in trade payables and $7 billion in accrued payables, much of which is due soon.
Tesla may have to go to the market to raise cash for projects that will be presented on March 1st.
About Tesla Day
The investor event will be live-streamed from Tesla’s Gigafactory in Texas, with some of the company’s institutional and retail investors attending in person. According to Tesla’s press release, investors will be able to see its most advanced production line as well as discuss long-term expansion plans, the generation 3 platform, and capital allocation.
Image: Silver Peak Lithium Mine, Nevada – Ken Lund (Flickr)
The Lithium Dip May Be Worth Exploring
Lithium (Li) was once synonymous with treating depression. Today the mineral is more often discussed as part of the subject of sustainable energy storage, specifically batteries. So it’s ironic that the recent stock price movement of a number of companies tied to lithium may have depressed some investors, as February has seen a sudden depression in values. The primary reason for the decline in lithium stocks may actually be a net plus for miners and others tied to production. This thinking is outlined below.
Many companies involved in Li exploration and/or production were up on the year along with the overall market. Late last week and carrying over to today, many of these stocks have fallen dramatically. The reason for the sudden decline coincided with the largest EV battery manufacturer, Contemporary Amperex Technology’s (CATL) announcement that it will cut the price it charges for Li-ion batteries.
As seen in the chart below, Shares of the larger lithium miners Albemarle ALB (ALB), SQM (SQM), Livent (LTHM), Piedmont Lithium (PLL), and Lithium Americas (LAC) are down between 7% and 14% with much of that drop coming in the past few trading days. Smaller lithium mining operations like LithiumBank Resources Corp. (LBNKF), and Century Lithium Corp. (CYDVF) fared much better, outperforming the more established larger companies.
CATL seems to have aimed to maintain or grow its market share as a battery manufacturer. Any price war they may have started is likely to have a direct impact on competitors. Even car manufacturers that are involved in battery sales may shed some profitability, but is it necessarily a negative for companies involved in mining or refining?
CATL plans on pricing its batteries on a lithium-price-linked calculation. With this, 50% of each battery will benchmark to lithium carbonate, which would largely embed the price of lithium in its Li-ion product. The rest of the batteries will key off of the spot market for lithium carbonate.
Spot prices for lithium carbonate are up about ninefold over the past few years as the growth in EV demand and other battery-operated products has stressed the global lithium supply chain. So while CATL has decided to discount batteries, the production costs are unlikely to fall. The move may instead place greater demand on lithium carbonate. If production doesn’t keep up with, what should spark greater demand for Li-ion batteries, miners may benefit. If correct, this could suggest the declines in mining stock prices related to CATL’s new pricing policy, may be considered as an entry point for investors that had been looking for a price dip.
As for battery makers, this may have more permanently drained value. CATL is about 68% of the mainland Chinese EV battery manufacturing industry. Other battery producers may have to similarly adjust their pricing models to compete. This group includes Panasonic, LG Energy, Samsung, and SK Innovations that also tumbled this month.
Take Away
Mining analysts discuss supply and demand, or deficit and surplus, when adjusting forecasts. If demand grows as a result of the large battery manufacturer CATL discounting prices, and this discounting causes others to follow, the result could be a larger lithium deficit that could raise the price of the mineral per USD/metric-ton. Time will tell.
