Why Growth Companies May Take a Backseat for a While
Most everything runs in cycles; this is especially true for investment trends, investment styles, and investment performance or results. It looks like value investing has been making its long-awaited return to favor. This could be good news for investors that are frightened of the dizzying heights reached by tech’s top performers (the bigger they are, the harder they could fall) and provide an opportunity for those that know stock market history and expect it to repeat its time-tested performance attributes.
Value Versus Growth
It makes sense to quickly define value stocks and growth stocks as there are big differences, even though to the untrained, it may sound like we are talking about the same thing.
Growth stocks are stocks that are expected to outpace the overall market. These stocks are typically priced higher, using metrics we’ll discuss later, than value stocks because investors are willing to pay a premium for the expected future earnings growth. The definition can include large-cap companies still on a high growth trajectory like Apple (AAPL) or Tesla (TSLA), and small-cap companies such as AI company Soundhound (SOUN) or microcap companies like last quarter’s digital mining favorite Bit Digital (BTBT).
Value stocks are those trading for less than their intrinsic value. This means that for any one of a number of reasons, including momentum traders being distracted from value, the stock is priced below what the investor believes it should be worth. Put simply; value investors believe that they can identify stocks that are undervalued because they are not current “favorites” in the market. Large-cap examples could include well-established consumer goods company Proctor and Gamble (PG) as it is stable and growing, but not with great speed, or small-cap digital, television, and audio provider Entravision (EVC). Microcap companies may also be considered value stocks, take for example dry-bulk shipping company, Eurodry (EDRY). While the company has earnings and pays an above-average dividend, the nature of the business does not place its earnings expectations to become a multiple of its current business five or ten years from now.
The Important History
Going back more than 40 years to the decade of the 1980s value stocks outperformed; the 1990s were led by growth opportunities. Then, in 2000, value investing beat growth for seven consecutive years. From there growth companies dominated through 2021. These are long cycles. In 2020, the year of ample stimulus money and Robinhood trading, growth seemed to have reached a crescendo and may have concluded its outperformance cycle with the strongest leg, beating value by more than 30 percentage points – the widest margin since at least 1927. Then, in 2021 value became the more dominant provider of performance. While trends are best seen in the rearview mirror, it appears that value investing has made and is continuing to make a comeback.
Last year, 2022, value beat growth by almost 25%, that is, using as a benchmark the S&P 500 Growth ETF (IVW) relative to the S&P 500 Value ETF (IVE). Both were down, but growth fell by 29.5% while value dipped by 5.4%.
Those that missed the growth stock go-go part of the cycle can only wish they could turn back time. Instead they must play the cards that are in their hands now. You can’t invest on yesterday’s circumstances. The question now is, has there been an ongoing shift to value, and how far can it go? Will it make up for the many underperforming years?
Are We in a Period of Value Outperformance?
One point already made is that markets and segments of the financial markets run in cycles. That actually lacks a clear definition. Surmising that over a long enough time period, the two will take turns outperforming with value more often, providing higher returns to investors lacks definition and traditional factors for one to outperform.
Over the last decade, low interest rates brought a lot of investors into the stock market. Most of those years investors were highly rewarded. Those with a greater risk tolerance did best which increased the risk appetite across the board. Growth, especially on the technology front, was rapid, during the pandemic. The demand for technology reached a peak and was met with investor cash as factors like stimulus checks, no commission trades, smartphone trading apps, and free time all converged at once. No wonder 2021 was so strong.
Consider this: The Price Earnings Ratio (P/E) of the Nasdaq 100 is 30.25, that is to say the average stock is priced at over 30 times annual earnings. The growth ETF IVW is at 23.5 times earnings. Meanwhile, the P/E of the value ETF IVE is only 20.6 times earnings. If earnings of past high flyers discontinue their growth trajectory either by increased costs such as interest rates or decreased sales partly prompted by the Fed injecting cash into the system, their growth may stall for some time. Investors will have to look for opportunity elsewhere, in other words, find value. The cheaper stocks (lower P/E) are where they have turned in the past, which keeps the two running in cycles.
Take Away
Value had a much better year than growth last year and seems to be in a position to make up for over a decade of lost ground to the riskier growth stocks. A portion of yesterday’s demand may have been met and likely borrowed from today’s demand for products involving communication and technology. For instance, Apple is expected to sell far fewer smartphones this year.
The year 2022 was a wake up call for those involved that became accustomed to making money each time they chased and bought an already expensive stock. These stocks now are competing with certificates of deposit rates at the local bank, and the idea that there is too wide of a gap between growth and value. For those that are long-term investors, they may look at history and decide that stocks, not fixed income, will provide the most return. Using a similar comparison, they may also expect that for growth and value to approach their normal relationship to each other, value will need a few years of significant outperformance or many years of mild outperformance. Either way, value investing is now the easier argument to make.
Paul Hoffman
Managing Editor, Channelchek
Sources
https://www.barrons.com/articles/apple-stock-price-buy-iphone-15-94f742a2?mod=Searchresults
https://am.jpmorgan.com/gb/en/asset-management/adv/insights/value-vs-growth-investing/
