| Key Points: – Administration aims to take mortgage giants public by year-end, potentially valuing them at $500B+. – Fannie and Freddie have been under federal conservatorship since the 2008 financial crisis. – Privatization could reshape the $12T U.S. housing finance system. |
President Donald Trump’s administration is pushing ahead with plans to take mortgage finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac public before the end of 2025, a move that could mark one of the largest and most closely watched privatizations in U.S. history.
According to people familiar with the matter, discussions are underway that could value the two government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) at a combined $500 billion or more. The share sales could raise roughly $30 billion, injecting fresh capital into companies that have been under federal control since the 2008 financial crisis.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play a central role in the U.S. housing market, buying mortgages from lenders, packaging them into mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and guaranteeing timely payment of principal and interest to investors. By recycling capital back to banks and mortgage companies, they help ensure a steady flow of financing for homebuyers, multifamily developers, and real estate investors.
Both companies were placed into conservatorship in September 2008 after the housing market collapse left them on the brink of insolvency. The U.S. Treasury provided a combined $191 billion in support, receiving preferred shares in return. Over the years, the companies have paid the government more than that amount in dividends, but attempts to return them to private ownership have repeatedly stalled amid political divisions and the complexity of reforming the $12 trillion mortgage market they underpin.
Trump has long signaled his desire to end federal conservatorship of the mortgage giants, including during his first term. His return to the White House has revived optimism among investors who have held shares in the companies for years in anticipation of privatization. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman, a prominent shareholder, has said he expects Trump to complete the process.
Still, the road to IPOs is unlikely to be straightforward. Fannie and Freddie guarantee or own about half of all U.S. home loans, meaning any shift in ownership must be carefully managed to avoid disrupting housing finance. The administration is expected to keep some form of oversight in place even after the companies are privatized, with Trump previously saying in May that he intends to retain a role for federal supervision.
Market reaction to the Wall Street Journal report on the IPO plan was swift. Shares of both companies, which trade over the counter, surged more than 21%, hitting their highest levels in over a month.
In recent days, Trump has met with the CEOs of major banks including Citigroup and Bank of America to discuss the potential privatization, according to earlier Reuters reporting. Financial institutions are expected to play a critical role in structuring the offerings and preparing the companies for life after conservatorship.
If successful, the IPOs of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac would represent a historic shift in the U.S. housing finance system—one that could reshape the secondary mortgage market, alter investor participation in MBS, and redefine the federal government’s role in backstopping the nation’s home loan market.