Monday, October 16, 2023
Michael Kupinski, Director of Research, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Jacob Mutchler, Research Associate, Noble Capital Markets, Inc.
Refer to the bottom of the report for important disclosures
Overview: A new small-cap cycle? Small cap stocks have underperformed the large cap stocks for the past several years. Notably, there is a sizable valuation disparity between the two classes, one of the largest in over 20 years. Some of the small cap stocks we follow trade at a modest 2 times Enterprise Value to EBITDA, compared with large cap valuations as high as 13 to 15 times. Are we on a cusp of a small cap cycle?
Digital Media & Technology: Stocks Outperform – But Don’t Get Too Excited. Each of Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices, which are market cap weighted, outperformed the S&P 500 in the third quarter, but the double-digit gains from the previous quarter moderated significantly. Despite these relatively positive results, the prevailing theme within each sector was that the largest cap stocks performed the best, while smaller cap stocks across a variety of sectors struggled.
Television Broadcasting: Advertising Stabilizing?As we look toward the third quarter, local advertising appears to be weakening as the economy appears to be slowing. But, national appears to be improving. In addition, while it was assumed that Political would increase in the fourth quarter due to the run-off of the Republican presidential candidates, we believe that President Biden has recently stepped-up advertising in the third quarter, particularly in Hispanic communities.
Radio Broadcasting: Shoring up balance sheets. As many radio companies face a challenged revenue environment and at the same time invested in faster growth digital revenue, some companies have been caught carrying a substantial amount of debt. In this report, we highlight one company that was able to shore up its balance sheet through asset sales.
Publishing:Stocks outperform. It may be hard to imagine for some investors, but the Publishing stocks outperformed in both the latest quarter and for the trailing 12 months the S&P 500! But, there is still a wide valuation gap between most of Publishers and the shares of The New York Times, with the NYT shares at 15 times cash flow and the rest near 5.
Overview
The case for small caps
Small cap investors have gone through a rough period. For the past several years, investors have anticipated an economic downturn. With these concerns, investors turned toward “safe haven” large cap stocks, which typically have the ability to weather the economic headwinds and have enough trading volume should investors need to exit the position. Since 2018, small cap stocks have underperformed the general stock market, with annualized returns of just 3.7% as measured by the S&P 600 Small Cap Index versus the general market of 10.2% as measured by the S&P 500 Index. Another small cap index, the Russell 2000, increased a more modest 2.9% annually over the comparable period. The S&P 500 is larger cap, with the minimum market cap of $14.6 billion. The S&P 600 is smaller cap, a range of $850 million to $3.7 billion, with the Russell 2000 median market cap $950 million. Some of the even smaller cap stocks, those between $100 million to $850 million, have significantly underperformed the S&P 600. This is the first time that small caps underperformed a bullish period for all stocks since the 1940s. Notably, there is a sizable valuation disparity between the two classes, large and small cap, one of the largest in over 20 years.
Some of the small cap stocks we follow trade at a modest 2 times Enterprise Value to EBITDA, compared with large cap valuations as high as 13 to 15 times. By another measure, small cap stocks may be the only class trading below historic 25 year average to the median Enterprise Value to EBIT. Why the large valuation disparity? We believe that there is higher risk in the small cap stocks, especially given that some companies may not be cash flow positive, have capital needs, or have limited share float. But, investors seem to have thrown the baby out with the bathwater. While those small cap stocks are on the more speculative end of the scale, many small cap stocks are growing revenues and cash flow, have capable balance sheets, and/or are cash flow positive. For attractive emerging growth companies, the trading activity will resolve itself over time. Some market strategists suggest that small cap stocks trade at the most undervalued in the market, as much as a 30% to 40% discount to fair value.
Are we on a cusp of a small cap cycle? Some fund managers think so. Such a cycle could last 10 years or longer. In this report, we highlight a few of our small cap favorites in the Media sector, those include companies that have attractive growth characteristics, some with or without an improving economy, capable balance sheets, and limited capital needs. Our current favorites based on growth opportunity and stock valuation include: Direct Digital (DRCT), Entravision (EVC), E.W. Scripps (SSP), Gray Television (GTN), and Townsquare Media (TSQ).
Source: Morningstar and Noble Capital Markets Estimates. For more information; https://www.morningstar.com/markets/fading-recession-fears-cheap-valuations-have-small-cap-stocks-looking-attractive
Digital Media & Technology
Stocks Outperform – But Don’t Get Too Excited
After increasing by 8% in the second quarter of 2023, the S&P 500 was unable to hold onto those gains in the third quarter. The S&P Index decreased by 3.6% in the third quarter, a decline which we attribute to the market revising its interest rate expectations to one in which rates would remain “higher for longer”. Large cap stocks that weighed on the broad market index included tech stocks such as Apple (AAPL: -12%), Microsoft (MSFT: -7%) and Tesla (TSLA: -4%). Despite this small step backwards, the S&P 500 Index increased by 20% through the first nine months of the year.
Each of Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices, which are market cap weighted, outperformed the S&P 500 in the third quarter, but the double-digit gains from the previous quarter (2Q 2023) moderated significantly. Digital Media 3-Month Performance Sectors that outperformed the S&P 500’s 4% decrease include Noble’s Digital Media Index (+6%), Social Media Index (+4%), Gaming Index (+3%), Ad Tech Index (+1%) and MarTech Index (-3%). Despite these relatively positive results, the prevailing theme within each sector was that the largest cap stocks performed the best while smaller cap stocks across a variety of sectors struggled.
Figure #1 Digital Media 3-Month Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Perhaps more importantly, each of Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices have outperformed the S&P 500 over the latest twelve months as illustrated in Figure #2 Digital Versus S&P 500 LTM. The S&P 500 Index has increased by 20% over the last year (through 9/30/2023), which trailed the performance of the each of Noble’s Internet and Digital Media Indices, as shown in Figure #3 Digital Media LTM Performance.
Figure #2 Digital Versus S&P 500 LTM
Figure #3 Digital Media LTM Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Alphabet Powers Digital Media Index Higher Despite Broader-Based Sector Weakness
The best performing index during the quarter was the Noble’s Digital Media Index, but the sector’s “strong” performance is deceiving. Shares of Alphabet (a.k.a. Google: GOOGL) increased by 9% during the quarter, and the company size relative to its peers helps explain the vast majority of the sector’s performance. Google’s market cap is 8x larger than its next largest “peer” in Netflix, and it is 160 times that of the average market cap of its Digital Media peers. Google beat expectations across all metrics (revenue, EBITDA, free cash flow) and guided to improved profitability as it streamlines workflows. The company is also increasingly perceived as a beneficiary of AI. While Alphabet shares performed well, they mask the fact that shares of only 2 of the sector’s 12 stocks were up during the third quarter. The other Digital Media stock that performed well in the quarter was FUBO (FUBO), whose shares increased by 29% in 3Q 2023. Of the 10 other digital content providers in the sector, 7 of them posted double-digit stock price declines in the third quarter.
Large Cap Meta Powers the Social Media Index Higher
Shares in Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook) rose for the third straight quarter. Shares increased by 5% and were up 150% through the first nine months of the year. Meta shares increased by 8% at the start of the third quarter due to excitement around the launch of Threads, Meta’s answer to Twitter. Over 100 million people signed up for Threads within the first five days of its rollout and positions the company well for continued revenue growth once it begins to monetize this new opportunity.
As with the Digital Media Index, the Social Media Index masked underlying weakness across several smaller cap stocks. Of the 6 stocks in the Social Media Index, only Meta shares increased during the quarter. Several social media companies performed poorly during the quarter including Spark Networks (LOVL.Y: -59%), which filed to delist its shares, Nextdoor Holdings (KIND: -44%), which has struggled to reach profitability, and Snap (SNAP: -25%), which guided to revenue declines in 3Q 2023.
“No Love” For Small Cap Stocks
As was the case in the Digital Media and Social Media sectors, the same trends held true in the other sectors: in general, large cap stocks outperformed small cap stocks. For example, Noble’s Video Gaming Index increased by 3% in the third quarter, driven by Activision Blizzard (ATVI: +11%), and to a lesser extent SciPlay Corp (SCP: +16%). However, 7 other stocks in the video gaming sector posted stock price declines in the third quarter. Larger cap names such as EA Sports (EA: -7%) and Take-Two Interactive (TTWO: -5%) posted mid-single digit stock price declines while every small cap video gaming stock posted double digit declines.
Noble’s Ad Tech Index increased by 1% during the quarter driven by shares of AppLovin (APP: +55%), and Taboola (TBLA: +22%). However, just 7 of the sector’s 20 stocks were up for the quarter, and 10 stocks in the sector posted double digit declines. One of our favorites is an attractive growth, small cap company, Direct Digital. The DRCT shares declined 20% in the quarter, in spite of posting favorable Q2 revenue that beat expectations and raising full year revenue estimates. Direct Digital leads our list of favorites in the digital Ad Tech companies. As Figure #4 Ad Tech Comparables indicate, Direct Digital is among the cheapest in the industry trading at 4.7 Enterprise Value to our 2024 adj. EBITDA estimate, well below larger cap peers trading at multiples of 12, 13, or even much higher. Finally, Noble’s MarTech Index decreased by 3% (the only index that declined during the quarter), with the sector’s largest companies, Adobe (ADBE: +4%) and Shopify (SHOP: -16%) posting mixed results. Outside of these mega-cap stocks, the theme of underlying weakness prevailed: only 5 of the 20 stocks in the sector posted stock price increases, while one was flat and the other 14 were down. Eleven of the 20 stocks in the MarTech sector posted double digit stock price declines. One of our favorites in the sector, Harte Hanks performed well in the quarter up 18.8%. This was a welcomed bounce from the steep decline in the shares over the past 12 months, down 44%. The company stumbled on quarterly expectations. We believe that the sell-off was over done, providing a compelling opportunity for investors. As Figure #5 MarTech Comparables illustrates, the HHS shares trade at 3.8 times Enterprise Value to our 2024 adj. EBITDA estimate, a fraction of the multiples of many of its larger cap peers. We view the HHS shares as among our favorites in the sector.
Figure #4 Ad Tech Comparables
Source: Company filings & Eikon
Figure #5 MarTech Comparables
Source: Noble estimates & Company filings
Traditional Media
Virtually all traditional media stocks underperformed the general market in the past quarter and trailing 12 months, as illustrated in Figure #6 Traditional Media LTM Performance, save the Publishing group. In the latest quarter, Publishing stocks outperformed the general market, up 3.0% versus down 3.6% for the general market as measured by the S&P 500 Index. The average Publishing stock is up 6.9% over the past 12 months, with some of the larger cap publishing stocks up significantly more, over 20%. More details on the Publishing performance is in the Publishing section of this report. In the last quarter, the Radio stocks were the worse performing group, down on average 10.2%, As illustrated in Figure #7 Traditional Media 3-Month Performance. In addition, the Radio stocks were the worst performing group in the third quarter as well, down and average of 12.7% for the quarter.
Figure #6 Traditional Media LTM Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Figure #7 Traditional Media 3-Month Performance
Source: Capital IQ
Television Broadcasting
Have the TV stocks discounted too much?
We believe that the economic headwinds of rising interest rates and inflation have begun to hit local advertising. Local advertising had been relatively stable, favorably influenced by a resurgence of Auto advertising. Notably, local advertising fared much better than national advertising, which was down in the absence of Political advertising. As we look toward the fourth quarter, local advertising appears to be weakening. But, notably, national advertising appears to be doing much better, driven by an early influx of Political advertising. While it was assumed that Political would increase in the fourth quarter due to the run-off of the Republican presidential candidates, especially in early primary States, we believe that President Biden has recently stepped-up advertising, particularly to the Hispanic community. We have noticed Biden advertising even in Florida! So, what does this mean for media fundamentals?
It is difficult to predict where Political dollars will be spent and not all Political dollars will be spent evenly, geographically or by stations in a particular market. Furthermore, Political dollars may be pulled back in a market should a particular candidate pull ahead in the polls. Political dollars were anticipated to be spent in early primary States, specifically for the Republican candidates. But, the Biden money is a surprise. Biden appears to be spending early and in areas to solidify a key voting block, Hispanics. Of course, the Biden campaign may broaden its spending to other voting blocks as well. In our view, 2024 will be a banner year for Political advertising given the large amount of Political fundraising by the candidates and by Political Action Committees. The prospect of weak local advertising, however, may cast a pall over the current expected strong revenue growth in 2024. Many analysts, including myself, expected that economic prospects would improve in 2024, which would have provided a favorable tailwind for a significant improvement in total TV advertising in 2024. Certainly, it is likely that the Fed may lower interest rates in 2024, potentially providing a boost to local advertising prospects, but that improvement may come late in the year. But, overall, in spite of the weakening Local advertising environment, given the improving National advertising trends, overall TV advertising appears to have stabilized.
For now, we are cautiously optimistic about 2024, with the caveat that revenue growth may be somewhat tempered given the current weak local advertising trends. Nonetheless, we believe that we are nearing the trough for this economic cycle. Some companies, like E.W. Scripps, are in a favorable cycle for Retransmission renewals. Retransmission revenues now account for a hefty 50% of Scripps’ total broadcast revenue. In Scripps’ case, 75% of its subscribers are under renewal, which it recently announced was completed. As such, the company reaffirmed guidance that Retransmission revenue will increase 15% in 2024 and lead to a substantial increase in net Retransmission revenue. We remain constructive on TV stocks, as high margin Political advertising should boost balance sheets and improve stock valuations.
In the latest quarter, TV stocks underperformed the general market. As Figure #7 Traditional Media 3-Month Performanceillustrates, the Noble TV Index decreased 13.2%, underperforming the 3.6% decline in the general market as measured by the S&P 500. The poor performance of the latest quarter adversely affected the trailing 12 month performance, bringing the Noble TV Index to a 17.6% decline for the trailing 12 months. Individual stocks performed more poorly, with only the shares of Fox Corporation registering a modest gain for the trailing 12 months of 2.7%. The Noble TV Index is market cap weighted, and, as such, Fox with a $15 billion market cap, carried the index. Outside of the relatively strong performance of this large cap stock, all of the TV stocks were down and down big, between 18% to 59% over the past 12 months.
We believe that investors have shied away from cyclicals, smaller cap stocks, and from companies with higher debt levels. This accounts for the poor performance of Gray Television and E.W. Scripps, both of which have elevated debt leverage given recent acquisitions. Both were among the poorest performers for the latest quarter and for the trailing 12 months. The GTN shares were down 12% in the third quarter and 38% for the last 12 months; the SSP shares down 40% and 58%, respectively.
We believe that the sell-off has been overdone, especially as the industry is expected to cycle toward an improved fundamental environment in 2024. As Figure #8 TV Industry Comparables indicate, the Broadcast TV stocks trade at a modest 5.3 times Enterprise Value to our 2024 adj. EBITDA estimates, well below historic 20 year average trading multiples of 8 to 12 times. We believe that the depressed valuations largely discount the prospect of an economic downturn and do not reflect the revenue and cash flow upside as we cycle into a Political year. Given the steep valuation discount to historic levels, we believe that the stocks are 15% to 20% below levels where the stocks normally would be given a favorable Political cycle. Our favorites in the TV space include: Entravision (EVC), one of the beneficiaries of the influx of Political advertising to Hispanics; E.W. Scripps (SSP), a play on Political, with the favorable fundamental tailwind of strong Retransmission revenue growth; and, Gray Television (GTN), one of the leading Political advertising plays.
Figure #8 TV Industry Comparables
Source: Noble estimates & Eikon
Radio Broadcasting
Shoring up balance sheets.
The Radio industry has struggled in the first half as National advertising weakened throughout the year. On average National advertising was down roughly20% or more for many Radio broadcasters. Local held up relatively well, although down in the range of 3% to 5%. Fortunately, for many broadcasters, a push into Digital, which grew in the first half, helped to stabilize total company revenues. As we look to the fourth quarter, we believe that Local advertising is weakening, expected to be down in the range of 5% to 7%, or more in some of the larger markets. But, for some, National advertising is improving, driven by Political advertising. But, Political is not evenly spread. As such, we anticipate that there will be a cautious outlook for many in the industry for the second half of the year.
For some in the industry, the challenged revenue environment has put a strain on managing cash flows to maintain hefty debt loads. We believe that debt leverage is among the top concern for investors. Many of the poorest performing stocks in the quarter and for the trailing 12 months carry some of the highest debt leverage in the industry. The Noble Radio Index decreased a significant 13.7% in the latest quarter compared with a 3.7% decline for the general market. But, a look at the individual stock performance tells a more disappointing story. The shares of Salem Media declined 38% in the latest quarter, bringing 12 month performance to a 44% decline. The shares of iHeart Media decline 49% for the year.
Notably, Salem Media assuaged much of its liquidity concerns with recent asset sales. Such sales will bring in roughly $30 million, allowing it to fully pay off its $22 million revolver and have some flexibility with remaining cash on its balance sheet. We do not believe that investors have fully credited the significance of the recent asset sales.
One bright spot in the group has been the shares of Townsquare Media. While the TSQ shares gave back a significant 27% in the third quarter, the shares are still up 20% over the past 12 months, among one of the best performance in the industry. We believe that the company’s initiation of a substantial dividend resonated with investors.
While the industry faces fundamental headwinds given the current economic challenges, we believe that most companies have made a shift toward faster growth, digital business models. In addition, we believe that Radio will see a lift from Political advertising in 2024, although not to the extent that the TV industry will see. Nonetheless, we look for an improving advertising scenario in 2024. As such, we are constructive on the industry. One of our current favorites leads the industry in its Digital transition, Townsquare Media. As Figure #9 Radio Industry Comparables indicates, the TSQ shares are among the cheapest in the industry, trading at 5.1 times EV to our 2024 adj. EBITDA estimate, well below the average of 7.1 times for the industry. In addition, we like Saga Communications, one of the cheapest stocks in the industry, trading near 4 times EV to 2024 adj. EBITDA.
Figure #9 Radio Industry Comparables
Source: Noble estimates & Eikon
Publishing
Further cost cutting will cut deep.
Publishers are not likely to be spared from the weakening local advertising business. But, publishers have a play book on areas to cut expenses to manage cash flows. Certainly, we believe that its Digital businesses should help offset some of the anticipated revenue declines on its print legacy business. We believe that publishers are eliminating print days. Such a move likely will indicate further pressure on print revenues, but would not proportionately decrease cash flow. Some print days have very little advertising and/or advertisers may shift some spending to other print days. Lee Enterprises indicated in its last call that it will go down to 3 print days in 44 of its smaller markets. We believe that the move has been a success. While revenues may have decreased slightly more than expected given the current weak advertising environment, we believe that cost savings have been more than anticipated.
While many publishers would like to have a long runway for its cash flowing print business, such possible moves would necessarily increase the digital transition. Notably, with just some stabilization of revenues on the print side, many publishers have the potential to show total company revenue growth given benefit from digital revenue. With the prospect of strategies that may cut print days and the current weak local advertising environment, we believe that total revenue growth may be pushed out to 2025.
Many of the Publishing stocks were written off long ago. But, surprisingly, the Publishing stocks have been among the best stock performers in the latest quarter and for the trailing 12 months. The Noble Publishing Index increased a solid 36% in the trailing 12 months, outperforming the general market (as measured by the S&P 500) of 19% in the comparable time frame. In the third quarter, Publishing stocks increased 3.5%, outperforming the S&P 500, which declined 3.7%. All of the publishers increased, with the exception of Lee Enterprises. The Lee shares increased substantially a year earlier on takeover rumors. Since then the shares have come back down to earth, while the rest of the industry moved higher. The stronger performers in the industry, however, were the larger cap companies, such as News Corp and The New York Times. In the latest quarter, the shares of The New York Times increased roughly 5% and the shares are up 27% for the trailing 12 months. The shares of Gannett increased a solid 9% in the latest quarter, as well.
As Figure #10 Publishing Industry Comparables illustrate, there is a disparity among some of the larger, more diversified companies, like The New York Times and News Corporation. The NYT shares trade at a hefty 15.7 times EV to 2024 adj. EBITDA estimates, well above much of the pack currently trading in the 5 multiple range. We believe that this valuation gap should narrow, especially as many of the companies, like Lee and Gannett, have a burgeoning Digital business. While the industry faces secular challenges of its Print business and there are economic headwinds in the very near term, we believe that companies like Lee Enterprises have the ability to manage cash flows and grow its Digital businesses. Given the compelling stock valuation disparity, the shares of Lee Enterprises lead our list of favorites in the sector.
Figure #10 Publishing Industry Comparables
Source: Noble estimates & Eikon
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Senior Equity Analyst focusing on Basic Materials & Mining. 20 years of experience in equity research. BA in Business Administration from Westminster College. MBA with a Finance concentration from the University of Missouri. MA in International Affairs from Washington University in St. Louis.
Named WSJ ‘Best on the Street’ Analyst and Forbes/StarMine’s “Best Brokerage Analyst.”
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