PsyBio Therapeutics Announces Proposed Acquisition of Everest Pharma (Pty) Ltd., a Lesotho Company in Southern Africa, as Part of Its Ongoing Impact Investment Strategy

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PsyBio Therapeutics to Make Significant Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Commitment to Promote Mental and Neurological Health While Working to Develop State of the Art Technologies, Process Skills and Capabilities in Lesotho and Across Africa

OXFORD, Ohio and COCONUT CREEK, Fla., March 15, 2022 /CNW/ – PsyBio Therapeutics Corp. (TSXV: PSYB) (OTCQB: PSYBF) (“PsyBio” or the “Company“), an integrated and intellectual property driven biotechnology company developing novel, bespoke psychoactive medicinal candidates targeting the potential treatment of mental health challenges, neurological disorders and other human health conditions, today announces that it has entered into a definitive agreement (the “Agreement“) to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Everest Pharma (Pty) Ltd. (“Everest“), a Lesotho Company located in Southern Africa, as part of its ongoing Impact Investment Strategy (the “Acquisition“). The Acquisition will increase new research and development capabilities for PsyBio, while promoting the development of local knowledge and expertise in Lesotho. Everest is one of the select and limited companies with a psychedelic product license.

PsyBio is developing an advanced life science platform technology in the emerging psychedelic research industry. The filed intellectual property is based on producing and scaling drug candidates using genetically modified organisms. This Acquisition will add to PsyBio’s abilities which encompass fully translational capabilities in its current scientific laboratory and animal testing facilities. The PsyBio team has extensive experience in drug discovery and development based on synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, medicinal chemistry and clinical pharmacology, as well as clinical and regulatory expertise progressing drugs through human studies and governmental protocols. The team collectively has managed thousands of clinical trials and has achieved numerous regulatory approvals including therapeutics, diagnostics and devices and the Company has filed sixteen patent applications to date on its discovery accomplishments.

“Acquiring Everest is the next step of an important growth strategy for PsyBio, following the initial licensing of development technology of psychedelic compounds and their derivatives,” stated Michael Spigarelli, MD, PhD, MBA, PsyBio’s Chief Medical Officer. “The next step is for PsyBio to collaborate with Everest’s current leadership and management team to develop local scientific and manufacturing capabilities as part of our Impact Investment Strategy. This will allow for the production, licensing, sales and distribution of psycho-targeted therapeutics intended to potentially improve mental and neurological health to be undertaken not only in the United States and Europe, but also in Africa. It will also augment our research capabilities and contribute to the local health and economies of such jurisdictions.”

Upon completion of the Acquisition, PsyBio will acquire Everest’s active License to Trade covering a portfolio of: growing of spices, aromatics, drugs, and pharmaceutical crops; manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products; retail sale of pharmaceutical and medical goods, cosmetic and toilet articles in specialized stores, as well as other topics covered under its general business of growing, cultivating and exporting psilocybin mushrooms and resins.

“The opportunity to demonstrate our environmental, social, and governance commitments while we produce readily manufacturable psycho-targeted therapeutic candidates, furthers PsyBio’s role as one of the only biotechnology companies in the psychoactive therapeutic industry developing its own compounds,” stated Evan Levine, PsyBio’s Chief Executive Officer. “The ability to help committed and talented local individuals develop their skills and provide for their families and extended communities fits well within our impact investment objectives and we are extremely excited to see this type of expansion continue forward once the Acquisition closes.”

The aggregate consideration paid by the Company pursuant to the Agreement includes: (i) US$100,000; and (ii) 2,100,000 subordinate voting shares of the Company (the “SVS“), at a deemed issuance price of C$0.14 per SVS. In addition, PsyBio has agreed to pay the seller rent in the amount of US$30,000 per annum for rental of the facilities currently used by Everest, and US$30,000 per annum for consulting fees. Closing of the Acquisition is expected to occur on or about March 31, 2022, and is subject to certain conditions including, but not limited to, the approval of regulatory authorities, including the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSXV“).

About PsyBio Therapeutics Corp.

PsyBio Therapeutics is fully integrated and intellectual property driven biotechnology company developing novel psychoactive medicinal candidates produced by genetically modified organisms targeting the potential treatment of mental health challenges, neurological disorders, and other human health conditions. The team has extensive experience in drug discovery based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering as well as clinical and regulatory expertise progressing drugs through human studies and regulatory protocols. Research and development activities are currently ongoing for naturally occurring psychoactive tryptamines originally discovered in different varieties of hallucinogenic mushrooms, other tryptamines and phenethylamines and combinations thereof. The Company utilizes a bio-medicinal chemistry approach to therapeutic development, in which psycho-targeted compounds can be utilized as a template upon which to develop precursors and analogs, both naturally and non-naturally occurring, specifically because they are already known to have an effect within the brain.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains statements that constitute “forward-looking information” (“forward-looking information“) within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking information and are based on expectations, estimates and projections as at the date of this news release. Any statement that discusses predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions, future events or performance (often but not always using phrases such as “expects”, or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “anticipates” or “does not anticipate”, “plans”, “budget”, “scheduled”, “forecasts”, “estimates”, “believes” or “intends” or variations of such words and phrases or stating that certain actions, events or results “may” or “could”, “would”, “might” or “will” be taken to occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking information. Forward looking-statements in this press release include statements regarding: the closing of the Acquisition; the timing of closing of the Acquisition; the anticipated benefits and implications of the Acquisition; the ability of PsyBio to increase its research and development capabilities while promoting the development of local knowledge and expertise in Lesotho; the ability of PsyBio to expand its operations beyond the United States; the ability of PsyBio to comply with local laws and regulations that may be applicable to Everest; the ability of PsyBio to develop novel formulations to potentially treat neurologic and psychologic conditions and other disorders; the ability of PsyBio to launch clinical trials; the ability of PsyBio to build its intellectual property portfolio of novel drug candidates; the ability of PsyBio to move target candidates into scaled commercial manufacturing and regulatory application; the ability to achieve cost competitive synthesis with reduced environmental impact over current production methods; and the ability of PsyBio to move target candidates into scaled commercial manufacturing and regulatory application.

In disclosing the forward-looking information contained in this press release, the Company has made certain assumptions, including that: PsyBio will be able to successfully integrate Everest as a subsidiary; PsyBio will benefit from the Acquisition; PsyBio will be successful in complying with local laws and regulations that may be applicable to Everest; PsyBio will be successful in protecting its intellectual property; PsyBio will be successful in discovering new valuable target molecules; PsyBio will be successful in obtaining Investigational New Drug Applications and will be able to obtain all necessary approvals for clinical trials; PsyBio will be successful in launching clinical trials; the results of preclinical safety and efficacy testing will be favorable; PsyBio’s technology will be safe and effective; a confirmed signal will be identified in PsyBio’s selected indications; and that drug development involves long lead times, is very expensive and involves many variables of uncertainty. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking information are reasonable, it can give no assurance that the expectations of any forward-looking information will prove to be correct. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors which may cause the actual results and future events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. Such factors include, but are not limited to: compliance with extensive government regulations; domestic and foreign laws and regulations adversely affecting PsyBio’s business and results of operations; decreases in the prevailing process for psilocybin and nutraceutical products in the markets in which PsyBio operates; the impact of COVID-19; and general business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking information contained in this press release. Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any intention and assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information to reflect actual results, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, changes in factors affecting such forward-looking information or otherwise.

PsyBio makes no medical, treatment or health benefit claims about PsyBio’s proposed products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA“) or other similar regulatory authorities have not evaluated claims regarding psilocybin and other next generation psychoactive compounds. The efficacy of such products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. There is no assurance that the use of psilocybin and other psychoactive compounds can diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or condition. Vigorous scientific research and clinical trials are needed. PsyBio has not conducted clinical trials for the use of its intellectual property. Any references to quality, consistency, efficacy and safety of potential products do not imply that PsyBio verified such in clinical trials or that PsyBio will complete such trials. If PsyBio cannot obtain the approvals or research necessary to commercialize its business, it may have a material adverse effect on the PsyBio’s performance and operations.

The TSXV has neither approved nor disapproved the contents of this news release. Neither the TSXV nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSXV) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

SOURCE PsyBio Therapeutics Corp.

PDS Biotech Announces Achievement of an Enrollment Objective in National Cancer Institute-Led Phase 2 Clinical Trial of PDS0101-Based Combination in Advanced HPV-Associated Cancers

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NCI achieves the enrollment objective of thirty patients in the checkpoint inhibitor refractory arm of the study

FLORHAM PARK, N.J., March 15, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — PDS Biotechnology Corporation (Nasdaq: PDSB), a clinical-stage immunotherapy company developing molecularly-targeted cancer therapies and infectious disease vaccines based on the Company’s proprietary Versamune^® and Infectimune™ T-cell activating technologies, today announced that the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has achieved the intended enrollment objective of 30 patients in the checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) refractory arm of the NCI-Led Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04287868) evaluating PDS0101 (Versamune^®+HPV16mix) in combination with two investigational immune-modulating agents in advanced HPV-associated cancers. Currently, the study has enrolled 45 patients and will continue to enroll both CPI refractory and CPI naïve patients until the total enrollment of 56 is achieved.

The trial is evaluating the novel triple combination in two groups of patients. Firstly, in second line treatment of recurrent or metastatic HPV-positive cancers including anal, cervical, head and neck, penile, vaginal and vulvar cancers in patients who have not been treated with CPIs (CPI naïve) and have failed at least one standard of care therapy. Secondly, in third-line treatment of the above-listed recurrent or metastatic HPV-positive cancers in patients who have failed at least two standard of care therapies including CPI treatment (CPI refractory).

The NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health, presented highly promising preliminary efficacy and safety data from the trial at the June 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Conference. The NCI plans to present an update in the near future. It was reported earlier this year that median survival of these patients now exceeds 12 months.

“We are pleased the NCI has achieved this important milestone as CPI refractory patients with various HPV-associated cancers have very few effective treatment options and the study data have shown the potential to extend the lives of these patients,” commented Dr. Lauren V. Wood, Chief Medical Officer of PDS Biotech. “All of us at PDS Biotech would like to thank the NCI for all of their efforts in the achievement of this enrollment objective.” 

For patients interested in enrolling in this clinical study, please call NCI’s toll-free number 1-800-4-Cancer (1-800-422-6237) (TTY: 1-800-332-8615), email NCIMO_Referrals@mail.nih.gov, and/or visit the website: https://trials.cancer.gov.

About PDS Biotechnology

PDS Biotech is a clinical-stage immunotherapy company developing a growing pipeline of molecularly targeted cancer and infectious disease immunotherapies based on the Company’s proprietary Versamune^® and Infectimune™ T-cell activating technology platforms.

Our Versamune^®-based molecularly targeted products have demonstrated the potential to overcome the limitations of current immunotherapy by inducing in vivo, large quantities of high-quality, highly potent polyfunctional tumor specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ killer T-cells. PDS Biotech has developed multiple therapies, based on combinations of Versamune^® and disease-specific antigens, designed to train the immune system to better recognize diseased cells and effectively attack and destroy them. The Company’s pipeline products address various cancers including HPV16-associated cancers (anal, cervical, head and neck, penile, vaginal, vulvar) and breast, colon, lung, prostate, and ovarian cancers. 

Our Infectimune™-based vaccines have demonstrated the potential to induce not only robust and durable neutralizing antibody responses, but also powerful T-cell responses including long-lasting memory T-cell responses. To learn more, please visit www.pdsbiotech.com or follow us on Twitter at @PDSBiotech.

Forward Looking Statements

This communication contains forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended) concerning PDS Biotechnology Corporation (the “Company”) and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, results of operations or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the Company’s management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally include statements that are predictive in nature and depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, and include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “likely,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “outlook” and other similar expressions among others. Forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement as a result of various factors, including, without limitation: the Company’s ability to protect its intellectual property rights; the Company’s anticipated capital requirements, including the Company’s anticipated cash runway and the Company’s current expectations regarding its plans for future equity financings; the Company’s dependence on additional financing to fund its operations and complete the development and commercialization of its product candidates, and the risks that raising such additional capital may restrict the Company’s operations or require the Company to relinquish rights to the Company’s technologies or product candidates; the Company’s limited operating history in the Company’s current line of business, which makes it difficult to evaluate the Company’s prospects, the Company’s business plan or the likelihood of the Company’s successful implementation of such business plan; the timing for the Company or its partners to initiate the planned clinical trials for PDS0101, PDS0203 and other Versamune^® based products; the future success of such trials; the successful implementation of the Company’s research and development programs and collaborations, including any collaboration studies concerning PDS0101, PDS0203 and other Versamune^® based products and the Company’s interpretation of the results and findings of such programs and collaborations and whether such results are sufficient to support the future success of the Company’s product candidates; the success, timing and cost of the Company’s ongoing clinical trials and anticipated clinical trials for the Company’s current product candidates, including statements regarding the timing of initiation, pace of enrollment and completion of the trials (including our ability to fully fund our disclosed clinical trials, which assumes no material changes to our currently projected expenses), futility analyses, presentations at conferences and data reported in an abstract, and receipt of interim results (including, without limitation, any preclinical results or data), which are not necessarily indicative of the final results of the Company’s ongoing clinical trials; any Company statements about its understanding of product candidates mechanisms of action and interpretation of preclinical and early clinical results from its clinical development programs and any collaboration studies; the acceptance by the market of the Company’s product candidates, if approved; the timing of and the Company’s ability to obtain and maintain U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other regulatory authority approval of, or other action with respect to, the Company’s product candidates; and other factors, including legislative, regulatory, political and economic developments not within the Company’s control, including unforeseen circumstances or other disruptions to normal business operations arising from or related to COVID-19. The foregoing review of important factors that could cause actual events to differ from expectations should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with statements that are included herein and elsewhere, including the risk factors included in the Company’s annual and periodic reports filed with the SEC. The forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this press release and, except as required by applicable law, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statement, or to make any other forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Investor Contact:
Rich Cockrell
CG Capital
Phone: +1 (404) 736-3838
pdsb@cg.capital

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Financial Results and Operational Highlights

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Immunology and CNS Programs Entering the Clinic in 2022 for Organ Transplantation, Cocaine Intoxication, Fibromyalgia, PTSD, Migraine Headache and Binge Eating Disorder

Covid-19 Programs Include Upcoming Phase 2 Trial in Long Covid, Results of First-in-Human T Cell Immunity Skin Test and New Versions of Our Live Virus Covid-19 Vaccine That Express Spike Proteins From the Omicron and BA.2 Variants

Expansion of Internal Research and Development Capabilities Underway to Accelerate Infectious Disease Programs and Prepare for Future Pandemic Responses

Orphan-Drug Designation Granted for TNX-2900 (Intranasal Potentiated Oxytocin) for Prader-Willi Syndrome

Cash and Cash Equivalents Totaled Approximately $179 Million at December 31, 2021

CHATHAM, N.J., March 14, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (Nasdaq: TNXP) (Tonix or the Company), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2021, and provided an overview of recent operational highlights.

“2021 was an important year for Tonix as we delivered on several important milestones to advance our rich pipeline of immunology, central nervous system (CNS) and infectious disease product candidates,” said Seth Lederman, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Tonix. “Our diversified pipeline was built through internal research and development, business development and strategic collaborations. Already in 2022, we have shared results of animal studies of monoclonal antibody TNX-1500 in organ transplantation and announced FDA’s award of Orphan-Drug designation for TNX-2900 for Prader Willi syndrome. We look forward to pharmacogenomic analyses, in conjunction with topline data, for the Phase 3 RALLY study of TNX-102 SL in fibromyalgia in the first quarter of 2022.”

Dr. Lederman continued, “Through acquisitions and the continued buildout of in-house R&D capabilities, Tonix is strengthening its capabilities to develop a broad infectious disease portfolio of product candidates, led by TNX-801 which is a live virus vaccine for smallpox and monkeypox, that is based on horsepox, which is our recombinant pox virus platform (RPV). Also based on the RPV are next-generation vaccine candidates to prevent Covid-19, including TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 which are live virus vaccines designed to express the omicron and BA.2 variants of the spike protein. We look forward to starting a Phase 2 study of TNX-102 SL for Long Covid and reporting topline data from the ongoing first-in-human study of TNX-2100, a diagnostic skin test for T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2, in the first half of 2022.”

Gregory Sullivan, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Tonix said, “In 2022, we expect to initiate several clinical trials. We intend to start a Phase 1 study of TNX-1500, a humanized monoclonal antibody with several potential indications including the prevention of organ transplant rejection and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Within our CNS pipeline, we expect to start a Phase 2 study of FDA Breakthrough Therapy-designated product candidate TNX-1300 (recombinant cocaine esterase) for cocaine intoxication in the emergency room setting. We also expect to start three trials for TNX-102 SL (sublingual cyclobenzaprine) including: a confirmatory Phase 3 study for the management of fibromyalgia, a Phase 2 study for the treatment of PTSD, and a Phase 2 study for the treatment of Long Covid. Finally, in 2022 we intend to start a Phase 2 study of TNX-1900 for the treatment of migraine and an investigator-initiated Phase 2 study of TNX-1900 for binge eating disorder.”

Recent Highlights—Key Product Candidates*

Immunology Pipeline

TNX-1500 (anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody): third generation monoclonal antibody for prophylaxis of organ transplant rejection and treating autoimmune disorders.

• Tonix expects to start a Phase 1 study in the second half of 2022. Preliminary results from ongoing experiments in heart and kidney transplants in non-human primates at Massachusetts General Hospital indicate that TNX-1500 appears to have monotherapy efficacy in promoting rejection-free transplant organ acceptance and no evidence of thrombosis has been observed.
  

TNX-1700 (stabilized recombinant trefoil factor 2, or rTFF2): biologic for gastric and colorectal cancers

• In December 2021, Tonix announced a research collaboration with Columbia University focused on advancing TNX-1700 in the treatment of gastric and colorectal cancers. Tonix optioned worldwide rights to develop and commercialize products related to Columbia’s rTFF2 technology, and key patent claims have recently been issued in the U.S. The new project, “Development of rTFF2-Based Therapy to Enhance Immuno-Oncology Treatments,” is the first sponsored research project of this collaboration. The agreement with Columbia University gives Tonix the option to exclusively license new therapeutic candidates and other technologies that arise from the research collaboration for further development. TNX-1700 is in the preclinical stage of development.
  

Central Nervous System (CNS) Pipeline

TNX-1300 (recombinant double mutant cocaine esterase): biologic for life-threatening cocaine intoxication

• Tonix expects to initiate a Phase 2 open-label safety study of TNX-1300 in an emergency room setting in the first half of 2022. TNX-1300 was licensed from Columbia University and a positive Phase 2a study of volunteer cocaine users in a controlled laboratory setting has been completed. TNX-1300 has been granted Breakthrough Therapy designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  

TNX-102 SL (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets): small molecule for the management of fibromyalgia (FM)

• Tonix expects to report topline data from its second Phase 3 study, RALLY, in the first quarter of 2022. Tonix reported interim analysis of RALLY in July 2021 in which the independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping the study for futility. The Company therefore stopped enrollment of new participants while continuing those participating at that time to completion. Tonix plans to employ pharmacogenomic (PGx) techniques to compare the RALLY and RELIEF study populations, which may provide a path to precision medicine-based companion diagnostics for TNX-102 SL in FM.
  
  
• Tonix expects to initiate a new Phase 3 study of TNX-102 SL in FM in the first half of 2022. The Company will use the results of RALLY, including the PGx data, to potentially improve the design of this study.
  
  
• Tonix reported positive results from the Phase 3 RELIEF study for the management of fibromyalgia in December 2020.
  

TNX-102 SL for the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Tonix has completed a meeting with the FDA to discuss potential new endpoints for the treatment of PTSD and expects to begin enrolling a Phase 2 study of TNX-102 SL in police in Kenya in the first half of 2022. The new PTSD study will use one month look-back CAPS-5 as the primary endpoint rather than one week look-back.
  

TNX-102 SL for the treatment of Long Covid, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

• The Company intends to initiate a Phase 2 study in patients with Long Covid in the first half of 2022, pending clearance of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. The Phase 2 study will focus on a subset of Long Covid patients whose symptoms overlap with those of fibromyalgia.
  

TNX-1900 (intranasal potentiated oxytocin): small peptide for migraine, craniofacial pain, insulin resistance and related disorders, and binge eating disorder

• In November 2021, Tonix announced it received IND clearance from the FDA to support the initiation of a Phase 2 study of TNX-1900 for the prevention of migraine headache in chronic migraineurs. The 505(b)(2) pathway for FDA approval is expected to be acceptable for this program, which is available to new formulations of an approved drug. The Company expects to begin enrollment in the second half of 2022.
  
  
• In March 2022, Tonix announced an agreement with Massachusetts General Hospital to evaluate TNX-1900 in an investigator-initiated Phase 2 clinical trial as a potential treatment for patients with binge eating disorder. The Phase 2 clinical trial is expected to start in the second half of 2022.
  
  
• Tonix’s potentiated formulation includes magnesium (Mg), which has been reported to potentiate the binding of oxytocin to the oxytocin receptor. Further evidence for the role of Mg in potentiating the effects of oxytocin at the oxytocin receptor were published by a third party¹.
  

TNX-2900 (intranasal potentiated oxytocin): small peptide for the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)

• In March 2022, the FDA granted the Company Orphan-Drug designation for TNX-2900 for the treatment of PWS.
• In February 2022, Tonix entered into a sponsored research agreement with Inserm (the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) and Aix-Marseille Université to study oxytocin in the genetically engineered mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that causes distinct, but related pathological eating disorders in adults and newborns. In adults, PWS causes hyperphagia, or pathological over-eating, which leads to obesity and other complications associated with significant mortality. In newborns, PWS causes a deficiency in suckling, which can lead to low muscle tone and failure to thrive, and has been shown to be normalized by oxytocin treatment.

TNX-601 CR (tianeptine oxalate and naloxone controlled-release tablets): small molecule for the treatment of major depressive disorder, PTSD and neurocognitive dysfunction associated with corticosteroid use.

• Based on official minutes from a pre-IND meeting with the FDA, the Company expects to initiate a Phase 2 study for the treatment of major depressive disorder (depression) in the first quarter of 2023. Tonix plans to initiate a pharmacokinetic study in the third quarter of 2022. Tonix previously completed a Phase 1 trial for formulation development outside of the U.S.
  

Infectious Disease Pipeline

TNX-801 (live horsepox virus vaccine for percutaneous administration): smallpox and monkeypox vaccine designed as a single-administration vaccine to elicit T cell immunity

• Tonix previously reported protection of non-human primates from a monkeypox challenge². TNX-801 is less virulent than traditional vaccinia vaccines in mice.³
  

TNX-1840 /-1850 (live virus vaccines based on Tonix’s recombinant pox virus vector): COVID-19 vaccines designed as a single-administration vaccine to elicit T cell immunity

• Because the omicron variant has out-competed the ancestral Wuhan strain, Tonix is now planning new versions of the TNX-1800 vaccine: TNX-1840 and TNX-1850, that are designed to express spike protein from the omicron and BA.2 variants, respectively. TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 are next-generation COVID-19 vaccines using live virus technology, which is known to primarily elicit a T cell response believed to result in longer durability and the blocking of forward transmission.
  

TNX-3500 (sangivamycin): antiviral inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 for the treatment of COVID-19 and potential other viral disorders

• In November 2021, Tonix announced the publication of “Sangivamycin is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and has favorable drug properties,” in JCI Insight. The paper includes in vitro studies conducted by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases that show sangivamycin, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in TNX-3500, is a potent antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, and suppresses viral replication in tissue culture with greater potency than remdesivir, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Gilead Sciences, Inc.’s Veklury®. When tested in combination with remdesivir, both drugs had additive rather than competitive effect against SARS-CoV-2.
  
  
• Tonix plans to conduct further nonclinical animal studies of TNX-3500.
  

TNX-3600: COVID-19 therapeutic; fully human monoclonal antibody platform

• In September 2021, Tonix expanded its research collaboration with Columbia University focused on studying immune responses to COVID-19 in healthy volunteers who have recovered from COVID-19 or were asymptomatic, as well as studying in vitro T cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The research is designed to fill in important gaps in comprehensive understanding of immune responses to COVID-19, and to provide a foundation for tailoring vaccines and therapeutics to appropriate individuals with precision medicine. Specifically, the researchers will study T cell and antibody responses in a variety of ways, including at the cellular level by stimulating T cells in vitro with CoV-2 antigens and by generating fully human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Tonix believes that this research has the potential to lead to the isolation, characterization and cloning of therapeutically relevant fully human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
  

TNX-3700: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine candidate using a zinc nanoparticle (ZNP) formulation

• In January 2022, Tonix announced an exclusive option and research collaboration with Kansas State University (K-State) to develop ZNP mRNA vaccines that replace the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology in current COVID-19 vaccines. The new ZNP technology has the potential to confer increased stability to mRNA vaccines over a wide range of temperatures, addressing limits to rapid global deployment. Under the research agreement, K-State will advance preclinical development of a new ZNP mRNA vaccine to protect against COVID-19 based on the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2.
  

TNX-2100 (diagnostic skin test): SARS-CoV-2 epitope peptide mixtures for intradermal administration to measure the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to SARS-CoV-2

• Tonix initiated enrollment in a first-in-human, dose-finding clinical study for TNX-2100, which is designed to measure functional in vivo T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2, with results expected in the first half of 2022.
• TNX-2100 comprises three different mixtures of synthetic peptides (TNX-2110, -2120 and -2130), which has the potential to serve as: 1) a biomarker for T cell protective immunity and durability of vaccine protection; 2) a personalized approach for vaccine boosters; 3) a method to stratify participants in COVID-19 vaccine trials with a more complete picture of immune status; 4) an endpoint in COVID-19 vaccine trials for vaccines that elicit T cell immunity, and 5) public health surveillance.

*All of Tonix’s product candidates are investigational new drugs or biologics and have not been approved for any indication.

2021 Highlights—Facilities and Corporate

• In December 2021, Tonix was added to the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index as part of Nasdaq’s annual reconstitution process.
  
  
• In June 2021, Tonix was added to the broad-market Russell 3000® index and the small-cap Russell 2000® Index as part of the annual reconstitution of the Russell stock indexes.
  
  
• R&D Center (RDC): In October 2021, Tonix completed the acquisition of its 48,000 square foot research and development center (RDC) in Frederick, Md. The facility is operational and will focus on the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against COVID-19, its variants, and other infectious diseases. The RDC facility is currently biosafety level 2 (BSL-2), but Tonix plans to make appropriate upgrades and seek certification for BSL-3 so that research may be conducted on live SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
  
  
• Advanced Development Center (ADC): In August 2021, Tonix commenced construction on the ADC for the development and manufacturing of Good Manufacturing Practice, or GMP, live-virus vaccines to support Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. The facility, located in the New Bedford Business Park in Dartmouth, Mass., is planned to be BSL-2 and expected to be partially operational in the first half of 2022.
  
  
• Commercial Manufacturing Center (CMC): Tonix plans to build the CMC in Hamilton, Mont. where it purchased approximately 44 acres of land. The CMC will focus on developing and manufacturing commercial scale live-virus vaccines and is also intended to be BSL-2. Site enabling work is expected to be initiated for the CMC in 2022.

¹Meyerowitz, J.G., Robertson, M.J., Barros-Álvarez, X. et al. The oxytocin signaling complex reveals a molecular switch for cation dependence. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-022-00728-4
²Noyce, RS, et al. Synthetic Chimeric Horsepox Virus (scHPXV) Vaccination Protects Macaques from Monkeypox* Presented as a poster at the American Society of Microbiology BioThreats Conference – January 29, 2020, Arlington, VA. (https://content.equisolve.net/tonixpharma/media/10929ac27f4fb5f5204f5cf41d59a121.pdf )
³Noyce RS, et al. Construction of an infectious horsepox virus vaccine from chemically synthesized DNA fragments. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 19;13(1): e0188453.

Recent Highlights–Financial

As of December 30, 2021, Tonix had $178.7 million of cash and cash equivalents, compared to $77.1 million as of December 31, 2020. Subsequent to December 31, 2021, the Company sold 15.6 million shares of common stock in at-the-market offerings (ATM) sales under a Sales Agreement with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, for net proceeds of approximately $4.3 million. Additionally, the Company sold 22.0 million shares of common stock under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park for net proceeds of approximately $4.5 million.

Cash used in operations was approximately $75.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $48.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in primarily due to an increase in research and development (R&D) and general and administrative (G&A) activities, described below.

Fourth Quarter 2021 Financial Results

R&D expenses for the fourth quarter of 2021 were $22.3 million, compared to $12.1 million for the same period in 2020. This increase is predominately due to increased clinical expenses of $1.9 million, increased manufacturing expenses of $2.1 million, non-clinical expenses of $2.4 million, employee-related expenses of $2.3 million and regulatory/legal expenses of $0.6 million. We expect R&D expenses to increase during 2022 as we move our clinical development programs forward and continue to invest in our development pipeline.

G&A expenses for the fourth quarter of 2021 were $7.3 million, compared to $4.9 million for the same period in 2020. The increase is primarily due to employee-related expenses of $1.8 million.

Net loss available to common stockholders was $29.6 million, or $0.07 per share, basic and diluted, for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to net loss of $17.0 million, or $0.10 per share, basic and diluted, for the fourth quarter of 2020. The basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the fourth quarter of 2021 was 451,209,777, compared to 163,873,489 shares for the fourth quarter of 2020.

Full Year 2021 Financial Results

R&D expenses for full year 2021 were $68.8 million, compared to $36.2 million for the same period in 2020. This increase is predominately due to increased non-clinical expenses of $14.0 million, manufacturing expenses of $10.9 million, employee-related expenses of $5.3 million and regulatory/legal expenses of $1.9 million. We expect R&D expenses to increase during 2022 as we move our clinical development programs forward and continue to invest in our development pipeline.

G&A expenses for full year 2021 were $23.5 million, compared to $14.4 million for the same period in 2020. The increase is primarily due to employee-related expenses of $4.9 million, an increase in legal fees of $0.7 million due to increased patent prosecution costs, an increase in investor relations/public relations expenses of $0.6 million, an increase in financial reporting expenses of $1.2 million, and an increase in insurance premiums of $0.4 million.

Net loss available to common stockholders was $92.3 million, or $0.26 per share, basic and diluted, for full year 2021, compared to net loss of $52.2 million, or $0.55 per share, basic and diluted, for full year 2020. The basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for full year 2021 was 360,215,323, compared to 94,591,715 shares for full year 2020.

About Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

Tonix is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, licensing, acquiring and developing therapeutics and diagnostics to treat and prevent human disease and alleviate suffering. Tonix’s portfolio is composed of immunology, central nervous system (CNS) and infectious disease product candidates. Tonix’s immunology portfolio includes biologics to address organ transplant rejection, autoimmunity and cancer, including Tonix’s lead immunology candidate, TNX-1500¹, is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD40 ligand being developed for the prevention of allograft rejection and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A Phase 1 study of TNX-1500 is expected to start in the second half of 2022. The Company’s CNS portfolio includes both small molecules and biologics to treat pain, neurologic, psychiatric and addiction conditions. Tonix’s lead CNS candidate, TNX-102 SL², (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets), is a small molecule drug in mid-Phase 3 development for the management of fibromyalgia, with a new Phase 3 study expected to start in the first half of 2022. TNX-102 SL is also being developed to treat Long COVID, a chronic post-COVID-19 condition. Tonix expects to initiate a Phase 2 study in Long COVID in the first half of 2022. TNX-1300³ is a biologic designed to treat cocaine intoxication that is expected to start a Phase 2 trial in the first half of 2022. Tonix’s infectious disease pipeline includes a vaccine in development to prevent smallpox, next-generation vaccines to prevent COVID-19 and an antiviral to treat COVID-19. Tonix’s lead vaccine program is TNX-801 (live horsepox virus for percutaneous administration) for preventing smallpox and monkeypox⁴. Horsepox is also the basis for Tonix’s recombinant pox vaccine (RPV) platform. Tonix’s lead vaccine candidates for COVID-19, TNX-1840 and TNX-1850⁵, are live virus vaccines in development based on the RPV platform. Finally, TNX-3500⁶ (sangivamycin, i.v. solution) is a small molecule antiviral drug to treat acute COVID-19 and is in the pre-IND stage of development.

¹TNX-1500 is an investigational new biologic at the pre-IND stage of development and has not been approved for any indication.

²TNX-102 SL is an investigational new drug and has not been approved for any indication.

³TNX-1300 is an investigational new biologic and has not been approved for any indication.

⁴TNX-801 is an investigational new biologic at the pre-IND stage of development and has not been approved for any indication.

⁵TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 are investigational new biologics at the pre-IND stage of development and have not been approved for any indication. TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 are designed to express the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from omicron and BA.2 variants, respectively, based on the experience from TNX-1800, which expresses the spike protein from the ancestral Wuhan strain.

⁶TNX-3500 is an investigational new drug at the pre-IND stage of development and has not been approved for any indication.

This press release and further information about Tonix can be found at www.tonixpharma.com.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “expect,” and “intend,” among others. These forward-looking statements are based on Tonix’s current expectations and actual results could differ materially. There are a number of factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, the risks related to the failure to obtain FDA clearances or approvals and noncompliance with FDA regulations; delays and uncertainties caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic; risks related to the timing and progress of clinical development of our product candidates; our need for additional financing; uncertainties of patent protection and litigation; uncertainties of government or third party payor reimbursement; limited research and development efforts and dependence upon third parties; and substantial competition. As with any pharmaceutical under development, there are significant risks in the development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of new products. Tonix does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement. Investors should read the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and periodic reports filed with the SEC. All Tonix’s forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by all such risk factors and other cautionary statements. The information set forth herein speaks only as of the date thereof.

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited, In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

			Full Year Ended								Three Months Ended
			December 31,								December 31,
			2021				2020				2021				2020
Costs and expenses
Research and development		$	68,838			$	36,157			$	22,296			$	12,097
General and administrative			23,474				14,354				7,264				4,926
Total costs and expenses			92,312				50,511				29,560				17,023
Operating loss			(92,312	)			(50,511	)			(29,560	)			(17,023	)
Interest income, net			25				48				7				2
Net loss		$	(92,287	)		$	(50,463	)		$	(29,553	)		$	(17,021	)
Warrant deemed dividend			—				(451	)			—				—
Preferred stock deemed dividend			—				(1,260	)			—				—
Net loss available to common stockholders		$	(92,287	)		$	(52,174	)		$	(29,553	)		$	(17,021	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted		$	(0.26	)		$	(0.55	)		$	(0.07	)		$	(0.10	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted			360,215,323				94,591,715				451,209,777				163,873,489

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2021 AND 2020
(In Thousands)

	December 31, 20211			December 31, 20201
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	178,660		$	77,068
Prepaid expenses and other		10,389			10,921
Total current assets		189,049			87,989
Other non-current assets		51 ,851			10,194
Total assets	$	240,900		$	98,183
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities	$	22,183		$	10,535
Stockholders’ equity		218,717			87,648
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	240,900		$	98,183

¹ The condensed consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 have been derived from the audited financial statements but do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

Jessica Morris (corporate)
Tonix Pharmaceuticals
investor.relations@tonixpharma.com
(862) 904-8182

Olipriya Das, Ph.D. (media)
Russo Partners
Olipriya.Das@russopartnersllc.com
(646) 942-5588

Peter Vozzo (investors)
ICR Westwicke
peter.vozzo@westwicke.com
(443) 213-0505

Source: Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

Image Credit: University of Maryland School of Medicine 

Organs from Genetically Engineered Pigs May Help Shorten the Transplant Wait List

 

Demand for life-saving organ transplantation is at an all-time high. In 2021, a record 41,000-plus organ transplants were performed in the U.S., with top numbers for kidney, liver and heart transplants. But a limited supply of donor organs remains an ongoing problem. Currently, over 100,000 people are on the transplant wait list in the U.S., and many more are unable to get on the list because of strict eligibility requirements and racial disparities in access.

 

This article was republished with permission from   The Conversation, a news site dedicated to sharing ideas from academic experts. It represents the research-based findings and thoughts of David Kaczorowski Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences.

 

As a cardiac transplant surgeon, I have personally witnessed the tragedy of this shortage of donor organs. But I have also seen the potential of one possible solution to this problem: xenotransplantation, or transplanting animal organs into human beings.

In September 2021, researchers successfully transplanted two genetically engineered pig kidneys into a brain-dead patient. And in January 2022, I was part of the surgical team that conducted the first pig-to-human heart transplant in a living patient. Recent news about the patient’s death two months after the procedure is sobering, but researchers like me remain optimistic. While much work still needs to be done, these successes point to how far science has come toward making animal-to-human transplants a viable treatment possibility.

The man who received the first pig heart transplant died on March 8, 2022, two months after the procedure.

Early Attempts

While animal-to-human transplants have attracted considerable attention recently, many attempts have been made to transplant animal cells, tissues and organs into humans over the past 60 years, with varying degrees of success.

In the 1960s, kidney transplantation was not broadly practiced because of a lack of donor organs. Ethical and legal concerns made it difficult to obtain live donors, and organs collected from deceased donors did not meet much success.

A surgeon named Keith Reemtsma performed a series of 12 kidney transplants using chimpanzees as donors. While most of the transplanted organs – and thus the human patients – survived for only a few weeks, one of the patients survived for nine months. Infection was the major issue in half of the patients, while irreversible organ rejection occurred in the other half.

Thomas Starzl is another surgeon who attempted animal-to-human organ transplants. He performed a similar series of kidney transplants around the same time as Reemtsma using baboons as donors, with the organs surviving up to two months. He’s most known for his liver transplants, with three attempts using chimpanzee livers from 1966 to 1974 that lasted from 24 hours to less than 14 days. In the early 1990s, his two baboon liver transplants lasted for 26 and 70 days. While one of the baboon livers functioned well, the patient ultimately died from overwhelming infection.

 

Image: Baby Fae was the first successful infant xenotransplant, surviving for 20 days with a baboon heart.

 

Doctors have also made attempts to transplant animal hearts, the first of which predated the first human-to-human heart transplant. In 1964, a chimpanzee heart transplanted by James Hardy survived for only a few hours. Len Bailey’s 1983 attempt at transplanting a baboon heart into an infant known as Baby Fae prolonged her life for 20 days, a record at the time.

 

Overcoming Barriers

While these early results may seem poor at first glance, a number of these transplants actually lasted longer than many early human-to-human kidney transplants. The first patient to receive a donated kidney lasted for only four days in 1933, and later attempts in the 1940s and 1950s yielded similar results. Immunosuppressing drugs that prevent the immune system from attacking donor organs also weren’t available at the time of these early attempts at xenotransplantation, pointing to the promise of these procedures as science advanced.

But transplanting organs across species faces a number of obstacles, the most integral of which is evolution. As species grow apart, increasing differences in their molecular makeup can result in incompatibilities that make cross-species transplants difficult or impossible. Among the most problematic are differences in immunity, inflammation and blood clotting that damage both the transplanted organs and the host’s body.

The similarity of nonhuman primates like chimpanzees and baboons to humans, both in anatomy and in their immune systems, made them appealing donors for early transplants. But their strong similarities to people also raised ethical concerns that dissuaded some physicians like Starzl from using them as donors.

On the other hand, pigs offer a potentially better source of donor organs. Compared with nonhuman primates, pigs mature much more quickly and produce more offspring. They are also a common source of food for people, and their tissues are already used for prosthetic heart valves and other medical treatments.

While pig-to-human transplants have also been attempted in the past, 80 million years of evolution stood in the way. Pigs have molecules on the surfaces of their cells that humans do not. If these molecules are introduced into a person’s body, their human immune system will register them as foreign and mount an attack. This process, called hyperacute rejection, is a central reason many transplanted animal organs fail.

A number of advances that reduce these incompatibilities have helped overcome the problem of hyperacute rejection. Genetically engineered pigs without the genes that produce the foreign molecules triggering rejection and with additional human genes that help the recipient’s body accept the new organ are one key improvement. The pig heart my team and I transplanted this year was genetically engineered, as were the pig kidneys from late 2021. There have also been improvements in medications that suppress the immune system of the recipient so it’s less likely to mount an attack against the organ.

 

Looking Forward

Recent successes with genetically engineered pig transplants make clear that xenotransplantation is no longer a dream from a distant future but something becoming increasingly achievable by modern medicine.

But many questions still remain. What is the best way to suppress a recipient’s immune system so the transplanted organ survives but the risk of infection stays low? Can animal organs be tailored to individuals to minimize rejection? How can animal organs be better preserved and distributed?

Answering these and many other questions will be key to realizing the therapeutic potential of xenotransplantation, and helping the hundreds of thousands of people waiting for an organ.

 

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Tonix Pharmaceuticals Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Financial Results and Operational Highlights

Research, News, and Market Data on Tonix Pharmaceuticals

 

Immunology and CNS Programs Entering the Clinic in 2022 for Organ Transplantation, Cocaine Intoxication, Fibromyalgia, PTSD, Migraine Headache and Binge Eating Disorder

Covid-19 Programs Include Upcoming Phase 2 Trial in Long Covid, Results of First-in-Human T Cell Immunity Skin Test and New Versions of Our Live Virus Covid-19 Vaccine That Express Spike Proteins From the Omicron and BA.2 Variants

Expansion of Internal Research and Development Capabilities Underway to Accelerate Infectious Disease Programs and Prepare for Future Pandemic Responses

Orphan-Drug Designation Granted for TNX-2900 (Intranasal Potentiated Oxytocin) for Prader-Willi Syndrome

Cash and Cash Equivalents Totaled Approximately $179 Million at December 31, 2021

CHATHAM, N.J., March 14, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (Nasdaq: TNXP) (Tonix or the Company), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2021, and provided an overview of recent operational highlights.

“2021 was an important year for Tonix as we delivered on several important milestones to advance our rich pipeline of immunology, central nervous system (CNS) and infectious disease product candidates,” said Seth Lederman, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Tonix. “Our diversified pipeline was built through internal research and development, business development and strategic collaborations. Already in 2022, we have shared results of animal studies of monoclonal antibody TNX-1500 in organ transplantation and announced FDA’s award of Orphan-Drug designation for TNX-2900 for Prader Willi syndrome. We look forward to pharmacogenomic analyses, in conjunction with topline data, for the Phase 3 RALLY study of TNX-102 SL in fibromyalgia in the first quarter of 2022.”

Dr. Lederman continued, “Through acquisitions and the continued buildout of in-house R&D capabilities, Tonix is strengthening its capabilities to develop a broad infectious disease portfolio of product candidates, led by TNX-801 which is a live virus vaccine for smallpox and monkeypox, that is based on horsepox, which is our recombinant pox virus platform (RPV). Also based on the RPV are next-generation vaccine candidates to prevent Covid-19, including TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 which are live virus vaccines designed to express the omicron and BA.2 variants of the spike protein. We look forward to starting a Phase 2 study of TNX-102 SL for Long Covid and reporting topline data from the ongoing first-in-human study of TNX-2100, a diagnostic skin test for T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2, in the first half of 2022.”

Gregory Sullivan, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Tonix said, “In 2022, we expect to initiate several clinical trials. We intend to start a Phase 1 study of TNX-1500, a humanized monoclonal antibody with several potential indications including the prevention of organ transplant rejection and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Within our CNS pipeline, we expect to start a Phase 2 study of FDA Breakthrough Therapy-designated product candidate TNX-1300 (recombinant cocaine esterase) for cocaine intoxication in the emergency room setting. We also expect to start three trials for TNX-102 SL (sublingual cyclobenzaprine) including: a confirmatory Phase 3 study for the management of fibromyalgia, a Phase 2 study for the treatment of PTSD, and a Phase 2 study for the treatment of Long Covid. Finally, in 2022 we intend to start a Phase 2 study of TNX-1900 for the treatment of migraine and an investigator-initiated Phase 2 study of TNX-1900 for binge eating disorder.”

Recent Highlights—Key Product Candidates*

Immunology Pipeline

TNX-1500 (anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody): third generation monoclonal antibody for prophylaxis of organ transplant rejection and treating autoimmune disorders.

• Tonix expects to start a Phase 1 study in the second half of 2022. Preliminary results from ongoing experiments in heart and kidney transplants in non-human primates at Massachusetts General Hospital indicate that TNX-1500 appears to have monotherapy efficacy in promoting rejection-free transplant organ acceptance and no evidence of thrombosis has been observed.
  

TNX-1700 (stabilized recombinant trefoil factor 2, or rTFF2): biologic for gastric and colorectal cancers

• In December 2021, Tonix announced a research collaboration with Columbia University focused on advancing TNX-1700 in the treatment of gastric and colorectal cancers. Tonix optioned worldwide rights to develop and commercialize products related to Columbia’s rTFF2 technology, and key patent claims have recently been issued in the U.S. The new project, “Development of rTFF2-Based Therapy to Enhance Immuno-Oncology Treatments,” is the first sponsored research project of this collaboration. The agreement with Columbia University gives Tonix the option to exclusively license new therapeutic candidates and other technologies that arise from the research collaboration for further development. TNX-1700 is in the preclinical stage of development.
  

Central Nervous System (CNS) Pipeline

TNX-1300 (recombinant double mutant cocaine esterase): biologic for life-threatening cocaine intoxication

• Tonix expects to initiate a Phase 2 open-label safety study of TNX-1300 in an emergency room setting in the first half of 2022. TNX-1300 was licensed from Columbia University and a positive Phase 2a study of volunteer cocaine users in a controlled laboratory setting has been completed. TNX-1300 has been granted Breakthrough Therapy designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  

TNX-102 SL (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets): small molecule for the management of fibromyalgia (FM)

• Tonix expects to report topline data from its second Phase 3 study, RALLY, in the first quarter of 2022. Tonix reported interim analysis of RALLY in July 2021 in which the independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping the study for futility. The Company therefore stopped enrollment of new participants while continuing those participating at that time to completion. Tonix plans to employ pharmacogenomic (PGx) techniques to compare the RALLY and RELIEF study populations, which may provide a path to precision medicine-based companion diagnostics for TNX-102 SL in FM.
  
  
• Tonix expects to initiate a new Phase 3 study of TNX-102 SL in FM in the first half of 2022. The Company will use the results of RALLY, including the PGx data, to potentially improve the design of this study.
  
  
• Tonix reported positive results from the Phase 3 RELIEF study for the management of fibromyalgia in December 2020.
  

TNX-102 SL for the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Tonix has completed a meeting with the FDA to discuss potential new endpoints for the treatment of PTSD and expects to begin enrolling a Phase 2 study of TNX-102 SL in police in Kenya in the first half of 2022. The new PTSD study will use one month look-back CAPS-5 as the primary endpoint rather than one week look-back.
  

TNX-102 SL for the treatment of Long Covid, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

• The Company intends to initiate a Phase 2 study in patients with Long Covid in the first half of 2022, pending clearance of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. The Phase 2 study will focus on a subset of Long Covid patients whose symptoms overlap with those of fibromyalgia.
  

TNX-1900 (intranasal potentiated oxytocin): small peptide for migraine, craniofacial pain, insulin resistance and related disorders, and binge eating disorder

• In November 2021, Tonix announced it received IND clearance from the FDA to support the initiation of a Phase 2 study of TNX-1900 for the prevention of migraine headache in chronic migraineurs. The 505(b)(2) pathway for FDA approval is expected to be acceptable for this program, which is available to new formulations of an approved drug. The Company expects to begin enrollment in the second half of 2022.
  
  
• In March 2022, Tonix announced an agreement with Massachusetts General Hospital to evaluate TNX-1900 in an investigator-initiated Phase 2 clinical trial as a potential treatment for patients with binge eating disorder. The Phase 2 clinical trial is expected to start in the second half of 2022.
  
  
• Tonix’s potentiated formulation includes magnesium (Mg), which has been reported to potentiate the binding of oxytocin to the oxytocin receptor. Further evidence for the role of Mg in potentiating the effects of oxytocin at the oxytocin receptor were published by a third party¹.
  

TNX-2900 (intranasal potentiated oxytocin): small peptide for the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)

• In March 2022, the FDA granted the Company Orphan-Drug designation for TNX-2900 for the treatment of PWS.
• In February 2022, Tonix entered into a sponsored research agreement with Inserm (the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) and Aix-Marseille Université to study oxytocin in the genetically engineered mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that causes distinct, but related pathological eating disorders in adults and newborns. In adults, PWS causes hyperphagia, or pathological over-eating, which leads to obesity and other complications associated with significant mortality. In newborns, PWS causes a deficiency in suckling, which can lead to low muscle tone and failure to thrive, and has been shown to be normalized by oxytocin treatment.

TNX-601 CR (tianeptine oxalate and naloxone controlled-release tablets): small molecule for the treatment of major depressive disorder, PTSD and neurocognitive dysfunction associated with corticosteroid use.

• Based on official minutes from a pre-IND meeting with the FDA, the Company expects to initiate a Phase 2 study for the treatment of major depressive disorder (depression) in the first quarter of 2023. Tonix plans to initiate a pharmacokinetic study in the third quarter of 2022. Tonix previously completed a Phase 1 trial for formulation development outside of the U.S.
  

Infectious Disease Pipeline

TNX-801 (live horsepox virus vaccine for percutaneous administration): smallpox and monkeypox vaccine designed as a single-administration vaccine to elicit T cell immunity

• Tonix previously reported protection of non-human primates from a monkeypox challenge². TNX-801 is less virulent than traditional vaccinia vaccines in mice.³
  

TNX-1840 /-1850 (live virus vaccines based on Tonix’s recombinant pox virus vector): COVID-19 vaccines designed as a single-administration vaccine to elicit T cell immunity

• Because the omicron variant has out-competed the ancestral Wuhan strain, Tonix is now planning new versions of the TNX-1800 vaccine: TNX-1840 and TNX-1850, that are designed to express spike protein from the omicron and BA.2 variants, respectively. TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 are next-generation COVID-19 vaccines using live virus technology, which is known to primarily elicit a T cell response believed to result in longer durability and the blocking of forward transmission.
  

TNX-3500 (sangivamycin): antiviral inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 for the treatment of COVID-19 and potential other viral disorders

• In November 2021, Tonix announced the publication of “Sangivamycin is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and has favorable drug properties,” in JCI Insight. The paper includes in vitro studies conducted by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases that show sangivamycin, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in TNX-3500, is a potent antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, and suppresses viral replication in tissue culture with greater potency than remdesivir, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Gilead Sciences, Inc.’s Veklury®. When tested in combination with remdesivir, both drugs had additive rather than competitive effect against SARS-CoV-2.
  
  
• Tonix plans to conduct further nonclinical animal studies of TNX-3500.
  

TNX-3600: COVID-19 therapeutic; fully human monoclonal antibody platform

• In September 2021, Tonix expanded its research collaboration with Columbia University focused on studying immune responses to COVID-19 in healthy volunteers who have recovered from COVID-19 or were asymptomatic, as well as studying in vitro T cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The research is designed to fill in important gaps in comprehensive understanding of immune responses to COVID-19, and to provide a foundation for tailoring vaccines and therapeutics to appropriate individuals with precision medicine. Specifically, the researchers will study T cell and antibody responses in a variety of ways, including at the cellular level by stimulating T cells in vitro with CoV-2 antigens and by generating fully human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Tonix believes that this research has the potential to lead to the isolation, characterization and cloning of therapeutically relevant fully human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
  

TNX-3700: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine candidate using a zinc nanoparticle (ZNP) formulation

• In January 2022, Tonix announced an exclusive option and research collaboration with Kansas State University (K-State) to develop ZNP mRNA vaccines that replace the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology in current COVID-19 vaccines. The new ZNP technology has the potential to confer increased stability to mRNA vaccines over a wide range of temperatures, addressing limits to rapid global deployment. Under the research agreement, K-State will advance preclinical development of a new ZNP mRNA vaccine to protect against COVID-19 based on the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2.
  

TNX-2100 (diagnostic skin test): SARS-CoV-2 epitope peptide mixtures for intradermal administration to measure the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to SARS-CoV-2

• Tonix initiated enrollment in a first-in-human, dose-finding clinical study for TNX-2100, which is designed to measure functional in vivo T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2, with results expected in the first half of 2022.
• TNX-2100 comprises three different mixtures of synthetic peptides (TNX-2110, -2120 and -2130), which has the potential to serve as: 1) a biomarker for T cell protective immunity and durability of vaccine protection; 2) a personalized approach for vaccine boosters; 3) a method to stratify participants in COVID-19 vaccine trials with a more complete picture of immune status; 4) an endpoint in COVID-19 vaccine trials for vaccines that elicit T cell immunity, and 5) public health surveillance.

*All of Tonix’s product candidates are investigational new drugs or biologics and have not been approved for any indication.

2021 Highlights—Facilities and Corporate

• In December 2021, Tonix was added to the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index as part of Nasdaq’s annual reconstitution process.
  
  
• In June 2021, Tonix was added to the broad-market Russell 3000® index and the small-cap Russell 2000® Index as part of the annual reconstitution of the Russell stock indexes.
  
  
• R&D Center (RDC): In October 2021, Tonix completed the acquisition of its 48,000 square foot research and development center (RDC) in Frederick, Md. The facility is operational and will focus on the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against COVID-19, its variants, and other infectious diseases. The RDC facility is currently biosafety level 2 (BSL-2), but Tonix plans to make appropriate upgrades and seek certification for BSL-3 so that research may be conducted on live SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
  
  
• Advanced Development Center (ADC): In August 2021, Tonix commenced construction on the ADC for the development and manufacturing of Good Manufacturing Practice, or GMP, live-virus vaccines to support Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. The facility, located in the New Bedford Business Park in Dartmouth, Mass., is planned to be BSL-2 and expected to be partially operational in the first half of 2022.
  
  
• Commercial Manufacturing Center (CMC): Tonix plans to build the CMC in Hamilton, Mont. where it purchased approximately 44 acres of land. The CMC will focus on developing and manufacturing commercial scale live-virus vaccines and is also intended to be BSL-2. Site enabling work is expected to be initiated for the CMC in 2022.

¹Meyerowitz, J.G., Robertson, M.J., Barros-Álvarez, X. et al. The oxytocin signaling complex reveals a molecular switch for cation dependence. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-022-00728-4
²Noyce, RS, et al. Synthetic Chimeric Horsepox Virus (scHPXV) Vaccination Protects Macaques from Monkeypox* Presented as a poster at the American Society of Microbiology BioThreats Conference – January 29, 2020, Arlington, VA. (https://content.equisolve.net/tonixpharma/media/10929ac27f4fb5f5204f5cf41d59a121.pdf )
³Noyce RS, et al. Construction of an infectious horsepox virus vaccine from chemically synthesized DNA fragments. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 19;13(1): e0188453.

Recent Highlights–Financial

As of December 30, 2021, Tonix had $178.7 million of cash and cash equivalents, compared to $77.1 million as of December 31, 2020. Subsequent to December 31, 2021, the Company sold 15.6 million shares of common stock in at-the-market offerings (ATM) sales under a Sales Agreement with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, for net proceeds of approximately $4.3 million. Additionally, the Company sold 22.0 million shares of common stock under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park for net proceeds of approximately $4.5 million.

Cash used in operations was approximately $75.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $48.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in primarily due to an increase in research and development (R&D) and general and administrative (G&A) activities, described below.

Fourth Quarter 2021 Financial Results

R&D expenses for the fourth quarter of 2021 were $22.3 million, compared to $12.1 million for the same period in 2020. This increase is predominately due to increased clinical expenses of $1.9 million, increased manufacturing expenses of $2.1 million, non-clinical expenses of $2.4 million, employee-related expenses of $2.3 million and regulatory/legal expenses of $0.6 million. We expect R&D expenses to increase during 2022 as we move our clinical development programs forward and continue to invest in our development pipeline.

G&A expenses for the fourth quarter of 2021 were $7.3 million, compared to $4.9 million for the same period in 2020. The increase is primarily due to employee-related expenses of $1.8 million.

Net loss available to common stockholders was $29.6 million, or $0.07 per share, basic and diluted, for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to net loss of $17.0 million, or $0.10 per share, basic and diluted, for the fourth quarter of 2020. The basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the fourth quarter of 2021 was 451,209,777, compared to 163,873,489 shares for the fourth quarter of 2020.

Full Year 2021 Financial Results

R&D expenses for full year 2021 were $68.8 million, compared to $36.2 million for the same period in 2020. This increase is predominately due to increased non-clinical expenses of $14.0 million, manufacturing expenses of $10.9 million, employee-related expenses of $5.3 million and regulatory/legal expenses of $1.9 million. We expect R&D expenses to increase during 2022 as we move our clinical development programs forward and continue to invest in our development pipeline.

G&A expenses for full year 2021 were $23.5 million, compared to $14.4 million for the same period in 2020. The increase is primarily due to employee-related expenses of $4.9 million, an increase in legal fees of $0.7 million due to increased patent prosecution costs, an increase in investor relations/public relations expenses of $0.6 million, an increase in financial reporting expenses of $1.2 million, and an increase in insurance premiums of $0.4 million.

Net loss available to common stockholders was $92.3 million, or $0.26 per share, basic and diluted, for full year 2021, compared to net loss of $52.2 million, or $0.55 per share, basic and diluted, for full year 2020. The basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for full year 2021 was 360,215,323, compared to 94,591,715 shares for full year 2020.

About Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.

Tonix is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, licensing, acquiring and developing therapeutics and diagnostics to treat and prevent human disease and alleviate suffering. Tonix’s portfolio is composed of immunology, central nervous system (CNS) and infectious disease product candidates. Tonix’s immunology portfolio includes biologics to address organ transplant rejection, autoimmunity and cancer, including Tonix’s lead immunology candidate, TNX-1500¹, is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD40 ligand being developed for the prevention of allograft rejection and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A Phase 1 study of TNX-1500 is expected to start in the second half of 2022. The Company’s CNS portfolio includes both small molecules and biologics to treat pain, neurologic, psychiatric and addiction conditions. Tonix’s lead CNS candidate, TNX-102 SL², (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets), is a small molecule drug in mid-Phase 3 development for the management of fibromyalgia, with a new Phase 3 study expected to start in the first half of 2022. TNX-102 SL is also being developed to treat Long COVID, a chronic post-COVID-19 condition. Tonix expects to initiate a Phase 2 study in Long COVID in the first half of 2022. TNX-1300³ is a biologic designed to treat cocaine intoxication that is expected to start a Phase 2 trial in the first half of 2022. Tonix’s infectious disease pipeline includes a vaccine in development to prevent smallpox, next-generation vaccines to prevent COVID-19 and an antiviral to treat COVID-19. Tonix’s lead vaccine program is TNX-801 (live horsepox virus for percutaneous administration) for preventing smallpox and monkeypox⁴. Horsepox is also the basis for Tonix’s recombinant pox vaccine (RPV) platform. Tonix’s lead vaccine candidates for COVID-19, TNX-1840 and TNX-1850⁵, are live virus vaccines in development based on the RPV platform. Finally, TNX-3500⁶ (sangivamycin, i.v. solution) is a small molecule antiviral drug to treat acute COVID-19 and is in the pre-IND stage of development.

¹TNX-1500 is an investigational new biologic at the pre-IND stage of development and has not been approved for any indication.

²TNX-102 SL is an investigational new drug and has not been approved for any indication.

³TNX-1300 is an investigational new biologic and has not been approved for any indication.

⁴TNX-801 is an investigational new biologic at the pre-IND stage of development and has not been approved for any indication.

⁵TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 are investigational new biologics at the pre-IND stage of development and have not been approved for any indication. TNX-1840 and TNX-1850 are designed to express the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from omicron and BA.2 variants, respectively, based on the experience from TNX-1800, which expresses the spike protein from the ancestral Wuhan strain.

⁶TNX-3500 is an investigational new drug at the pre-IND stage of development and has not been approved for any indication.

This press release and further information about Tonix can be found at www.tonixpharma.com.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “expect,” and “intend,” among others. These forward-looking statements are based on Tonix’s current expectations and actual results could differ materially. There are a number of factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, the risks related to the failure to obtain FDA clearances or approvals and noncompliance with FDA regulations; delays and uncertainties caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic; risks related to the timing and progress of clinical development of our product candidates; our need for additional financing; uncertainties of patent protection and litigation; uncertainties of government or third party payor reimbursement; limited research and development efforts and dependence upon third parties; and substantial competition. As with any pharmaceutical under development, there are significant risks in the development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of new products. Tonix does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement. Investors should read the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and periodic reports filed with the SEC. All Tonix’s forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by all such risk factors and other cautionary statements. The information set forth herein speaks only as of the date thereof.

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited, In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

			Full Year Ended								Three Months Ended
			December 31,								December 31,
			2021				2020				2021				2020
Costs and expenses
Research and development		$	68,838			$	36,157			$	22,296			$	12,097
General and administrative			23,474				14,354				7,264				4,926
Total costs and expenses			92,312				50,511				29,560				17,023
Operating loss			(92,312	)			(50,511	)			(29,560	)			(17,023	)
Interest income, net			25				48				7				2
Net loss		$	(92,287	)		$	(50,463	)		$	(29,553	)		$	(17,021	)
Warrant deemed dividend			—				(451	)			—				—
Preferred stock deemed dividend			—				(1,260	)			—				—
Net loss available to common stockholders		$	(92,287	)		$	(52,174	)		$	(29,553	)		$	(17,021	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted		$	(0.26	)		$	(0.55	)		$	(0.07	)		$	(0.10	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted			360,215,323				94,591,715				451,209,777				163,873,489

TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2021 AND 2020
(In Thousands)

	December 31, 20211			December 31, 20201
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	178,660		$	77,068
Prepaid expenses and other		10,389			10,921
Total current assets		189,049			87,989
Other non-current assets		51 ,851			10,194
Total assets	$	240,900		$	98,183
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities	$	22,183		$	10,535
Stockholders’ equity		218,717			87,648
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	240,900		$	98,183

¹ The condensed consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 have been derived from the audited financial statements but do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

Jessica Morris (corporate)
Tonix Pharmaceuticals
investor.relations@tonixpharma.com
(862) 904-8182

Olipriya Das, Ph.D. (media)
Russo Partners
Olipriya.Das@russopartnersllc.com
(646) 942-5588

Peter Vozzo (investors)
ICR Westwicke
peter.vozzo@westwicke.com
(443) 213-0505

Source: Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.